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综述了餐厨垃圾理化特性,分别阐述了餐厨垃圾中两个重要因素油脂和盐分的含量在厌氧消化中的代谢过程及对厌氧消化的影响。主要体现为油脂难降解且易吸附在细胞膜表面,破坏细胞膜的结构从而导致厌氧消化失败;盐分含量过高会使细胞渗透压升高,导致细胞质壁分离,使代谢速率减慢甚至停滞。在此基础上分别提出强化含油和含盐餐厨垃圾厌氧消化性能的措施,包括预处理、添加剂等并分析其作用机理。探讨了油脂和盐分联合对厌氧消化生产短链脂肪酸的交互作用。对油脂和盐分联合存在条件下厌氧消化研究展望了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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厌氧消化是处理含抗生素有机废物的常用技术手段,但高浓度抗生素会抑制厌氧微生物菌群活性,从而干扰厌氧消化效能和抗生素自身降解效率。近年来,导电材料强化含抗生素有机废物厌氧消化取得了良好效果,有机废物资源回收效率得到进一步提升。本文从抗生素使用现状和对厌氧消化代谢过程的影响出发,讨论了抗生素在厌氧消化中的迁移转化机制,重点阐述了铁基和碳基导电材料在抗生素胁迫厌氧消化系统中的应用及生化作用机理。研究表明:通过富集功能性微生物、强化微生物种间电子传递以及削减厌氧消化系统中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因,导电材料可以提升厌氧消化产甲烷效能、降低抗生素污染的环境风险。最后,从构建生物信息网络、开发优化新型材料和处理多元污染物方面对导电材料强化技术的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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厌氧消化目前已广泛应用于市政污泥、有机废水、城市有机垃圾、养殖粪便等有机废弃物的资源化处理,由于其具有在实现有机废弃物处理的同时产生甲烷燃料,剩余物还可以作为肥料使用的优点,全球各地已建立了许多大规模的厌氧消化工厂。温度是影响厌氧消化的重要因素,中温和高温厌氧消化是目前常采用的两种工艺,二者各有优劣,但是我国存在对高温厌氧消化的重视程度远远不及中温厌氧消化的问题。因此,本文首先对中温和高温厌氧消化及比较两种工艺的中英文文献进行了统计分析,然后重点从运行参数、有机物降解率、系统稳定性、产沼气性能、消化污泥特性(包括脱水性能、起泡潜力和病原菌含量)和微生物特性等运行性能、厌氧消化模型、经济效益和应用现状等方面对中温和高温厌氧消化进行了详细的比较,并对厌氧消化的应用和发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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以某餐厨废水处理工程为例,阐述“高混合反应器(HMD)厌氧消化+离心脱水+气浮”工艺设计参数和处理效果,并对2022年10~12月工艺运行情况进行分析。运行结果表明:“HMD厌氧消化+离心脱水+气浮”处理工艺动植物油脂去除率94.1%,厌氧段COD和VS的平均去除率分别为81.1%和79.4%,出水pH、COD、SS和油脂满足设计要求;厌氧段容积负荷高达7.6 kgVS/(m3·d)。工艺运行成本30.4元/m3水(不含人工费)。该工艺适用于用地紧张且对厌氧处理效率要求较高的地区。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献