大河矿树皮残植煤热解特性及焦油组成研究

采用固定床热解及TG/DTG分析研究了晚二叠世龙潭组树皮煤热解过程中不同热解因素与产物组成的相关性,利用GC/MS系统研究了树皮体含量为40%的大河矿树皮煤和黄陵气煤低温热解焦油(530℃)组分的差异。结果表明,树皮煤热解产物组成与热解终温显著相关,与保温时间和升温速率的相关性较小,在530℃、60 min、8℃/min条件下热解焦油产率最大,该焦油主要由烷烃、萘、苯、芳烃和酚等45种有机物组成,分子中含9～16个碳的有机物含量占78.05%。同条件下,与黄陵气煤热解焦油相比,其高分子有机物和含氧有机物含量显著降低。两种焦油中碳数≤16的有机物含量分别为90.042%,77.924%,表明低阶煤低温焦油以轻质油为主,树皮体含量高有助于提高轻质油产量。     

提高煤加氢热解焦油产量的途径分析

结合煤加氢热解最新研究进展，从煤加氢热解焦油形成机理出发，综合论述了提高热解焦油产量的６条途径和方法。提出煤－焦炉气催化加氢热解的新构想，以期实现“煤→热解煤气内循环→焦油”新工艺。     

煤热解富产焦油的工艺评述

本文在综合评述煤加氢热解工艺、煤甲烷共热解工艺及煤焦炉气共热解工艺的基础上，提出煤焦炉气催化热解新方法，以期实现煤催化热解富产焦油的新工艺，为煤非燃料利用开辟一条新的途径。     

Co、Mg改性USY对树皮煤热解焦油产物分布的影响

制备了5％Co/USY、5％Mg/USY和1％Co-5％Mg/USY、1％Mg-5％Co/USY等2种金属改性的USY分子筛,利用XRD、BET、NMR、Py-IR等对其结构进行了表征.通过TG及Py-GC-MS探究了不同分子筛在树皮煤热解中的定向催化作用及对焦油组分分布的影响.结果表明,较之单金属担载,1％Co-5％...     

甘肃天祝煤加压热解焦油组成与性质的研究

在积分反应器中，制得甘肃天祝煤的热解焦油。采用化学方法和高效液相色谱、核磁共振仪等现代测试技术对在不同热解压力、气氛等工艺条件下所得焦油的组成和性质进行了各种参数的测定分析。结果表明：提高热解压力，在两种气氛（Ｎ＿２和Ｈ＿２）中会使焦油中的轻质组分特别是ＢＴＸ（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）和ＰＣＸ（苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚）显著增加，从而提高了油品质量；焦油的平均分子量减少；焦油总的平均分子芳环数在１～２之间居多，芳环侧链最长的链为三个键。     

煤热解特性研究

对大雁、协庄和昔阳3个不同煤化程度的煤样，在N2，CO2和水蒸气3种不同气氛及不同温度下进行了热解研究，考察了煤化程度、热解气氛和热解温度对煤热解产物产率和热解气性质的影响规律．研究表明，对上述3个煤样，随煤化程度加深，焦产率增加，油和气产率一般随煤中挥发分增加而增加，但又与煤的大分子结构、热解温度和加热速率等有密切关系；干馏气组成H2和CH4含量协庄煤样最高，而(CO CO2)含量因煤中氧含量的降低而下降．与N2气氛相比，CO2和水蒸气气氛中半焦产率下降，气产率增加；油产率水蒸气气氛下最高．H2组分含量在水蒸气气氛下最高，而CO，CH4和烃类C2～C5组分则最低．LHV在N2，CO2和水蒸气气氛下逐次降低．     

低温煤热解焦油产率和品质影响因素研究

煤焦油是低温煤热解技术的主要产物,是重要的化工原料,其产率和品质是评价煤热解工艺的重要指标。从原煤性质(煤种和煤粒径)、热解反应器结构形式及热解工艺条件(原煤预处理、热解温度、压力、升温速率、停留时间、热解气氛及催化剂)等方面综合分析了煤热解焦油产率和品质的影响因素,认为通过优选煤种和热解反应器,对煤样进行适当预处理,选择合适的工艺操作条件和引入加氢催化热解等有助于提高焦油产率和品质。     

大庆油页岩热解特性及动力学研究

采用热分析方法对大庆油页岩热解特性进行研究,考察了升温速率和热解终温对油页岩热解特性的影响.结果表明,温度是影响热解的最主要因素,随着温度的升高,挥发分产率增大;随着升温速率的增大,油页岩的热解特征温度和最大热解速率都明显提高.根据热失重曲线建立了大庆油页岩热解动力学模型,采用傅立叶红外光谱分析对油页岩及热解半焦官能团变化情况进行分析,发现油页岩的主要官能团与煤接近;随着热解终温的升高,半焦含氧官能团的吸收峰逐渐减弱.     

焦油热解实验研究

采用小型气流床热解实验装置进行焦油热解实验,考察了温度对焦油热裂解过程的影响,同时选择甲苯作为焦油模型化合物研究焦油热解过程中的组成变化,得到了焦油的热解特性。结果表明:热解温度对焦油和甲苯转化率影响大,在800—1 100℃之间,焦油和甲苯的转化率及气体产率均随温度增加而上升,在N_2气氛下的最高转化率分别为70.29%和90.11%,且温度的升高会促进炭黑的生成。H_2会略微降低甲苯的转化率,但是对炭黑的生成有明显抑制作用。升高温度会使甲苯热裂解后产物种类减少,含支链化合物基本消失,形成更稳定的多环芳烃化合物,且会促进甲苯的缩聚。     

Chemical composition of the distillate fractions of coal tar from OAO Altai-Koks

The chemical composition of the distillate fractions with boiling points of to 180, 180–230, and 230–280°C separated from undehydrated coal tar from OAO Altai-Koks was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A list of identified aromatic compounds (including N-, O-, and S-containing compounds) and their alkyl derivatives is given. It was found that, upon the complete processing of tar with the recirculation of residual raw materials at the stage of coking and its hydrogenation refining in the presence of suspended Mo- and Ni-containing catalysts and a hydrogen donor (tetralin), the yields of chemical products were the following (wt %): coke, 50–55; absorption oil, 9–12; benzene, naphthalene, tetralin, dimethylnaphthalenes, and other hydrocarbons, 25–30; BTX fraction 4–5; and C₁-C₄ and CO₂, 10–12.     

Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of shale tar from the Kotsebinskoe deposit

The chemical composition of shale tar from the Kotsebinskoe deposit in Saratov oblast was established. The following its physicochemical characteristics were studied: density, total sulfur content, refractive index, calorific value, and relative viscosity. Based on the experimental data, the areas of application of the shale tar as a plasticizing agent for bitumen emulsions and as fuel upon the preliminary removal of sulfur compounds were proposed.     

Chemical composition and structure characterization of distillation residues of middle-temperature coal tar

The distillation residues of middle-temperature coal tar (DRMCT) were separated into saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene fractions by using the combination of solvent extraction and columnchromatography separation.The isolated four fractions have been further characterized through the combination of elemental analysis,Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, proton nuclearmagnetic resonance spectrum(1HNMR) and molecular weight analysis. The analysis results confirm the view that the saturate fraction from DRMCT was mainly composed of long-chain alkanes and almost all of the heteroatoms (S, N and O) were existed in aromatic structures.The asphaltene fraction had the highest molecular weight, the most amount of heteroatom (especially oxygen)and was the most condensed with shortest alkyl side chains among all the fractions. In addition, for the heavier components, the resin and asphaltene fractions from DRMCT contained lower ratio of H/C, lower molecular weight and higher aromaticity degree when compared with crude oils.     

Effect of cavitation treatment on the chemical composition of coal tar

The effect of a cavitation attack in the presence of pseudohomogeneous catalyst additives on the chemical composition of primary coal tar was studied. It was found that, upon the introduction of metal salts into coal tar, they underwent reduction followed by sulfidization; the resulting iron and nickel sulfides were nearly spherically shaped.     

煤焦油渣炭化过程中孔结构及表面分形特征

利用煤气化焦油渣为原料进行活性炭制备实验研究,对炭化过程焦油渣孔结构和表面特征进行研究,采用N₂吸附/脱附等温实验和表面分形理论研究炭化对焦油渣孔结构和表面特征的影响。结果表明：炭化物的吸附等温线倾向于表征微孔吸附特征的Ⅰ类吸附等温线;炭化物中具有发达的微孔结构、过渡孔结构和极不发达的大孔结构;随着温度和升温速率的提高,微孔结构先增加后又逐渐发展为过渡孔和大孔;对炭化物表面的分形特征进行研究发现,表面分形维数与BET比表面积、总孔容、平均孔径不存在直接关系,但是与微孔面积占比和微孔容积占比存在较好的一致性;焦油渣在炭化处理过程中随着温度的升高和升温速率加快,经历了“立体发展-逐渐衰落”的过程。当炭化终温850℃、升温速率20℃/min时,可以得到最优的活化前体。     

焦炉上升管中煤焦油流动特性的实验研究

为除去焦炉荒煤气显热回收过程中冷凝结焦在换热管壁表面的煤焦油,以煤焦油高温黏温特性曲线为实验依据,研究了200~800℃煤焦油在普通碳钢管道表面和镀镍涂层管道表面的流动特性情况,并线性拟合出煤焦油流动特性随温度变化的关系方程。结果表明:温度与换热管道表面煤焦油的流动特性之间呈现很好的指数关系;当管壁温度达到400℃左右时,普通碳钢管道表面的煤焦油由于流动特性的改变而基本脱除干净,镀镍涂层管道的温度在350℃左右;镀镍涂层管道在抑制结焦方面明显优于普通碳钢管道,其抑制结焦率在20%左右。     

Modified characteristics of mesophase pitch prepared from coal tar pitch by adding waste polystyrene

The toluene soluble of coal tar pitch was carbonized with waste polystyrene. The properties of mesophase pitches were characterized using polarized light optical microscope, apparent viscometer, FT-IR, ¹H NMR and X-ray diffractometer. After adding the waste polystyrene into the toluene soluble of coal tar pitch, the soluble mesophase were was increased from about 9% to 52% and the mesophase pitches were changed from 74% with coarse mosaic texture to 100% with flow domain texture. The mesophase pitches were transformed from thixotropy to unthixotropy. By waste polystyrene added into the toluene soluble of coal tar pitch, the methylene group was increased a lot. The presence of more alkyl groups modified the characteristics of mesophase pitches and improved the assembly of mesophase pitch molecules.