阳离子型双子高粘弹压裂液体系开发

进行了常规植物胶压裂液残渣含量高、地层伤害大/对改造效果产生巨大影响等调查。对表面活性剂压裂液体系、蠕变原理、粘弹性、抗剪切性、破胶性、助排性、岩心伤害等进行了研究,开发了一种低伤害、粘弹性良好的清洁压裂液。结果表明,当清洁压裂液配方为2.5%DS+1.0%NaBr+0.6%YFZ-1时,在90℃、170 s^(-1)条件下剪切1 h时压裂液粘度稳定在80 mPa·s以上;在f<10 rad/s时,G'>G″,且G'>0.1 Pa,压裂液粘弹性较佳。压裂液与原油或凝析油反应时,破胶液粘度均小于3.274 mPa·s,破胶液表面张力、界面张力分别小于24.916,1.904 mN/m,破胶、助排较好。0.35%胍胶压裂液破胶液岩心伤害率为32.85%,而2.5%双子表面活性剂清洁压裂液破胶液岩心伤害率为7.79%,较之胍胶压裂液对储层伤害率小,有益于保持增产改造的效果。     

VES清洁压裂液的研制及应用

VES清洁压裂液由1.5%的粘弹性表面活性剂LRZ-1、0.30%激活剂LRZ-2和0.2%破胶剂LRZ-3组成。室内性能评价表明,清洁压裂液具有配制简便、携砂性能良好、摩阻小、低滤失、低伤害等优点,破胶后的表面张力小于30 mN/m。该清洁压裂液在延长油田进行了现场应用,取得了较好的效果,达到改造储层的目的,具有较好的推广价值。     

低渗储层改造低伤害压裂液体系研究

为了有效控制和降低压裂液对储层的伤害,提高压裂液体系的增油效果,降低压裂成本,在玛湖凹陷风城组低孔、低渗及非均质储层的压裂改造中,针对胍胶类压裂液残渣含量较多,容易对储层造成伤害,同时胍胶压裂液在碱性条件下交联,高矿化度对压裂液性能影响较大等原因,开展了低伤害压裂液体系改性黄原胶的研究。通过现场研究结果表明,改性黄原胶可以克服碱性环境、高矿化度以及硼离子的影响,破胶后残渣含量为90 mg/L,比HPG的残渣含量少56.5%,有效的减少了破胶液残渣对地层的伤害。在玛湖凹陷斜坡区进行了13井次的储层改造,10口井次获得工业油流,获油率55.6%,取得了较好的改造效果。     

低浓度胍胶压裂液体系的室内研究

采用水溶性好、残渣少的超级胍胶GHPG作低浓度胍胶压裂液的稠化剂,选用自制的有机硼交联剂SQ,低浓度胍胶压裂液体系配方为0.20%GHPG+0.08%有机硼交联剂SQ+0.1%Na2CO3+0.15%助排剂+0.05%破乳剂+0.1%杀菌剂+0.025%破胶剂+1.0%粘土稳定剂。体系在60℃下连续剪切120 min后,黏度仍保持在240 mPa·s以上,单粒石英砂静态悬砂速度<0.25 cm/min,30%砂比的静态悬砂速度<0.51 cm/min,压裂液2 h内彻底破胶,破胶液表面张力29.4 mN/m,静态滤失系数为5.27×10-4m/min1/2,岩心伤害率17.51%。其稠化剂的质量分数仅为0.2%,有效降低对地层伤害及原材料成本,其有机硼交联剂SQ具有一定的自动破胶特性,80℃时36 h彻底破胶,40℃时48 h彻底破胶,与常规破胶剂配合使用,可缩短破胶时间,实现2 h彻底破胶。     

微弱伤害瓜胶清洁压裂液性能评价及应用

常规的瓜胶压裂液体系对油藏伤害的主要因素是残渣大、伤害率高以及由体系配伍性不好造成的伤害。采用低用量瓜胶多核交联剂、多功能阻垢剂、选择性高分子断裂催化剂三种技术集成了微弱伤害瓜胶清洁压裂液体系,对其耐温耐剪切性能、破胶性能、岩心伤害及配伍性进行了研究。结果表明,该体系耐温耐剪切性能良好,破胶残渣为72 mg/L,对岩心的伤害率<10%,破胶液与地层水配伍性良好,并在陕北地区进行了现场应用。     

浅析清洁压裂液技术及其应用

通过与传统压裂液的比较,从清洁压裂液的原理出发来介绍了其研究情况和应用中的优势。清洁压裂液在现场的使用中表现出良好的携砂性、流变性、虑失率和耐高温、耐剪切、无残渣等优点,施工中能得到良好的造缝效果,且由于其配制方便,成本低,有着很广阔的应用前景。在油田的可持续发展中,由于清洁压裂液对地层的无伤害也具有很大的潜力。     

微弱伤害瓜胶清洁压裂液性能评价及应用

常规的瓜胶压裂液体系对油藏伤害的主要因素是残渣大、伤害率高以及由体系配伍性不好造成的伤害。采用低用量瓜胶多核交联剂、多功能阻垢剂、选择性高分子断裂催化剂三种技术集成了微弱伤害瓜胶清洁压裂液体系,对其耐温耐剪切性能、破胶性能、岩心伤害及配伍性进行了研究。结果表明,该体系耐温耐剪切性能良好,破胶残渣为72 mg/L,对岩心的伤害率10%,破胶液与地层水配伍性良好,并在陕北地区进行了现场应用。     

黏弹性双子表面活性剂压裂液的制备及性能评价

考察了阴离子双子表面活性剂SA系列及水杨酸钠对阳离子双子表面活性剂SC-18溶液黏弹性的影响。黏弹性表面活性剂的基础配方为:1%SA-12+1%SC-18+0.5%水杨酸钠。该压裂液体系可满足井温小于100℃的低渗透油藏的压裂改造。该压裂液具有较好的抗剪切能力,170s~(-1)下剪切2h后,黏度保留率大于80%;破胶后黏度小于5 mPa·s,表明该配方具备优异的破胶性能;破胶后均无残渣;石英砂在压裂液的沉降速度满足压裂液性能要求。     

安塞油田压裂液体系优化研究

安塞油田王窑西南区块是典型的低渗透油藏,可通过压裂改造提高采收率,而在压裂施工中,通常导致压后返排率低,其残留物堵塞支撑剂填充的孔隙空间,降低裂缝渗透率,使得压裂效果不理想。本文针对油藏特征与性质,开展了压裂液体系的优化分析,最终得到压裂液优化配方,并对该配方的压裂液流变性、抗剪切性能、破胶性能以及配伍性进行评价。     

Layered double hydroxides functionalized with anionic surfactant: Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin

Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb), which was immobilized on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) functionalized with sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS), was investigated. The resulting electrode (Hb/LDH-SDS/GCE) gave a well-defined redox couple for HbFe(III)/Fe(II) with a formal potential of about −0.34 V (vs. AgCl/Ag) in pH 7.0 buffer. The electron-transfer rate constant was estimated to be 2.6 s⁻¹. The Hb/LDH-SDS/GCE exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The low calculated apparent Michaelis-Menten constant () was 456 μM. Based on the high catalytic activity of Hb immobilized on LDH-SDS modified electrode to the reduction of H₂O₂, LDH functionalized with SDS is expected to have widely potential applications for development of new biosensors and biocatalysis.     

一种新型阴离子型表面话性剂的合成研究

以2-十二酮、丙三醇和丙磺酸内酯为原料,通过两步法合成出一种新型的缩醛型可降解表面活性剂--3-[(2-癸基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4)-甲氧基]丙烷-1-磺酸钠盐.产物结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析表征,数据结果显示产品为目标产物.通过利用电化学方法测定产物的电导率,分析产物水溶液物理性质与浓度关系,测定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度接近8.0×10-3mol/L.     

Effect of nonionic surfactant upon surface tension of anionic surfactant

The surface tension of sodium dodecyl sulfate was determined in the presence of nonionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant used was homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether which has no poisson distribution of added mole numbers of ethyleneoxide. The concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate was changed at various fixed concentrations of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether. Two inflection points were observed on each surface tension curve, and the surface tension maintained a constant value between the inflections, regardless of the concentrations of added homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether. However, the concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate at the inflections were affected at the concentrations of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether, respectively. When the homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether concentrations were fixed below the critical micelle concentration, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate at the lower inflection point decreased with increasing concentration of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether, while that of the higher was hardly influenced. If the homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether concentrations were fixed above the critical micelle concentration, the sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations at the two inflections both increased with an increment of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether concentration. These results were interpreted in terms of mixed surface layer and mixed micelles consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate and homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether. Also, the surface tension curves of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, as well as those of sodium dodecyl sulfate with given concentrations of homogeneous pentaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether, were studied.     

Adsorption mechanism of a cationic surfactant on textiles in excess anionic surfactant solution

The present study was carried out to clarify the adsorption mechanism of a cationic surfactant (dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC) onto various fibers in excess of anionic surfactant solutions. Actually, in such a solution, DHTDMAC becomes an anionic/cationic complex and comes into contact with fibers through the physical force of mechanical stirring. At that time, adsorption of the complex onto textile depends on the extent of the work of adhesion (WA). In fact, WA and amounts of DHTDMAC adsorbed onto fibers were correlated very closely. Furthermore, the difference of WA according to the complex is discussed. Two hypotheses are presented. One is based on differences arising from the hydrophobic character of the complex itself. The other is based on the manner in which the anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant are situated in the complex molecule. The WA of the complex is explained on the basis of these hypotheses.     

荧光检测技术在水质检测中的应用

简述了几种荧光检测技术的原理,并总结了这些技术在检测水中微生物总量、离子浓度的测定、生物细胞分析、消毒剂消毒效果的分析等方面的应用及应用过程中的优缺点,认为荧光检测技术在水质分析中将实现更多功能,提供更准确的分析结果。     

复配条件对骨明胶-十二烷基硫酸钠体系表面活性的影响

利用骨明胶-十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系,研究了时间、温度和pH值对复配体系表面活性的影响规律.结果表明时间2h,温度50℃,pH=6.9左右时,复配体系的表面张力最低;时间3h,温度50℃,pH=5.5左右时,复配体系的起泡力、乳化力较好;时间2h,温度60℃左右,pH=7.0时,体系的起泡力、乳化力最低;时间2h,温度50℃,pH=8.5左右时,体系的起泡力最高.     

氟碳阴离子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以十六氟壬醇、顺酐和亚硫酸钠为原料合成了氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐。根据正交实验结果,确定了最佳合成工艺条件,酯化反应:十六氟壬醇与马来酸酐的摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为85℃,催化剂用量为十六氟壬醇的6%,产品的转化率为98.02%;磺化反应:马来酸单酯与无水亚硫酸钠的配比为1∶1.2,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为75℃,产品的转化率为98.51%。对产物的性能进行测定,其临界胶束浓度是9.47×10-4mol/L,表面张力是31.13 mN/m。     

烷基甘油醚羧酸盐的合成

以甘油、氯化氢和辛醇为原料,制备二辛基甘油醚,然后与氯乙酸反应,制得二辛基甘油醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂。考察了反应温度、物料摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳条件为:投料摩尔比为(二辛基甘油醚)∶(NaOH)∶(ClCH2COOH)=1∶2.5∶1.2,第一步碱化反应温度为120℃,反应时间为3 h,然后冷却至70℃进行5 h的羧甲基化反应,活性物含量为80.8%。该新型表面活性剂具有较低的表面张力(γcmc=25.38 mN/m)和较低的临界胶束浓度(cmc=1.12×10-3mol/L)。     

一种阴离子型双子表面活性剂的合成与表征

以乙二胺、2-溴乙基磺酸钠、月桂酸等为主要原料制备了阴离子型双子(gemini)表面活性剂N,N′-乙撑双[(N-乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺](DTM-12),以IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。该目标产物水溶液的cmc(5.0×10-4mol/L)是十二烷基磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠的1/20和1/16,γcmc(29.7 mN/m)比它们低8 mN/m~10 mN/m。DTM-12分别与DTAB和Triton X-100组成的复配体系在摩尔比为3∶7时,cmc达到1.06×10-4mol/L和0.49×10-4mol/L,γcmc达到25.4 mN/m和31.7 mN/m,DTM-12表现出较好的协同效应。DTM-12还具有良好的润湿力。