Fabrication of metal-matrix composites by application of the superplasticity effect

The production of continuous-fiber metal-matrix composites (MMCs) with improved mechanical properties by solid-state consolidation under superplastic conditions was investigated. The finite-element method was used to model MMC consolidation, which was experimentally studied on a sample of boronaluminum composite. It was shown that the deformation properties of a matrix exert considerable influence on metal flow geometry and its strain-stress state. The superplasticity effect provides the straightening of a matrix flow front and the localization of an intense deformation zone. It also facilitates the removal of pores in the final stage of hardening and considerably decreases local stresses on the fiber surface. The features of matrix material flow during consolidation of composites were considered. It was shown that the matrix deformation during composite consolidation takes place in the form of cooperative grain-boundary sliding and intragranular sliding. The mechanism of matrix deformation determines a type of fiber-matrix reaction at the interface, or, alternatively, the type of fiber-matrix interface interaction depends on the intensity of localized deformation in the given area. Identification of the interface structure was performed by acoustic emission.     

焊接速度对Mg-Mn系镁合金光纤激光焊接接头组织和成形的影响

采用大功率光纤激光器对Mg-Mn合金进行一系列激光焊接工艺试验,并对焊缝成形的形成规律、接头的微观组织进行研究。使用金相显微镜分析测试手段,研究光纤激光焊接接头各区域的显微组织,分析主要焊接参数(焊接速度)对焊接质量的影响。试验结果表明：当焊接功率为2 200 W、焊接速度为1 500～1 800 mm/min时,焊缝成形良好,无气孔缺陷。Mg-Mn合金激光焊接在不同的焊接参数下,焊缝的晶粒中均存在等轴晶和柱状晶,且晶粒主要组织为α-Mg固溶体和Mg8Ce金属间化合物。焊缝的组织形态受到焊接速度的影响比较明显,随着焊接速度的不断升高,焊缝的熔宽相应减小,且晶粒尺寸也随之减小。     

Effect of microstructures on superplasticity of Al-11%Si alloy

Three kinds of Al-11%Si (mass fraction) alloy samples with different processes were produced to investigate the effect of microstructures on its superplasticity. Among them, the as-ECAP sample pressed 16 passes has ultrafine grains (300 nm) and the finest secondary particles. The ECAP-T6 sample, with ECAP 16 passes followed by T6 treatment, has fine secondary particles (3 μm) but the largest grains (8 μm). Contrarily, the T6-ECAP sample, with T6 treatment followed by ECAP 16 passes, has ultrafine grains and the large secondary particles (7 μm). The tensile testing results show that the as-ECAP sample exhibits superplasticity at high strain rate of 5.75×10-1 s-1 due to its fine secondary particles and ultrafine grains. The ECAP-T6 sample, however, does not exhibit superplasticity at the same high strain rate of 5.75×10-1 s-1 because it has relatively large secondary particles and large grains. Remarkably, the T6-ECAP sample does not have superplasticity even at the lower strain rate of 1.15×10-1 s-1, attributing to its comparatively large secondary particles. When most secondary particles are larger than 7 μm, the high strain rate superplasticity could not be obtained even if this sample has ultrafine grains.     

Effect of microstructures on superplasticity of A1-11%Si alloy

Three kinds of A1-11%Si （mass fraction） alloy samples with different processes were produced to investigate the effect of microstructures on its superplasticity. Among them, the as-ECAP sample pressed 16 passes has ultrafine grains （300 nm） and the finest secondary particles. The ECAP-T6 sample, with ECAP 16 passes followed by T6 treatment, has fine secondary particles （3 μm） but the largest grains （8 μm）. Contrarily, the T6-ECAP sample, with T6 treatment followed by ECAP 16 passes, has ultrafine grains and the large secondary particles （7 μm）. The tensile testing results show that the as-ECAP sample exhibits superplasticity at high strain rate of 5.75×10^-1 s^-1 due to its fine secondary particles and ultrafine grains. The ECAP-T6 sample, however, does not exhibit superplasticity at the same high strain rate of 5.75×10^-1 s^-1 because it has relatively large secondary particles and large grains. Remarkably, the T6-ECAP sample does not have superplasticity even at the lower strain rate of 1.15×10^-1 s^-1, attributing to its comparatively large secondary particles. When most secondary particles are larger than 7 μm, the high strain rate superplasticity could not be obtained even if this sample has ultrafine grains.     

铸态亚共晶Al-Si合金中初生硅的生长机制(英文)

利用光学显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术观察亚共晶Al-10%Si合金的微观结构特征。结果表明,在亚共晶合金内很容易发现初生硅颗粒。研究亚共晶Al-10%Si合金溶液中初生硅析出过程中的晶核形成和生长机制,发现硅原子容易偏析并形成Si-Si簇,即使在共晶和亚共晶合金内,这一现象也会导致初生硅的形成。另外,由化学驱动力和较大的堆积碰撞或溶质的凝固偏析等原因引起的溶质再分配在初生硅的形成过程中也起着重要的作用,其中溶质再分配方程由Jackson-Chalmers方程推导而出。一旦硅溶质浓度超过共晶成分,在固/液界面的前端就会析出初生硅。     

焊接熔池凝固过程组织演变模拟

以枝晶生长动力学和晶粒生长能量最小原理为基础,建立了宏观传热与微观传质、形核、生长相耦合的焊接熔池CAMC晶粒生长二维数学模型.模型以CA方法模拟晶粒生长主干,MC在内部辅助晶粒生长以体现枝晶分枝机制,同时考虑非均匀形核对熔池结晶的影响因素,模拟了焊接熔池组织形成过程.结果表明,CAMC模型能够定量地描述熔池晶粒数目、尺寸和形貌演变,可以较准确地反映焊接熔池微观组织结构和熔池凝固过程中晶粒择优生长、柱状晶向等轴晶转换等物理机制.     

The recycling and reclamation of metal-matrix composites

The development of viable techniques for the recycling and reclamation of metal-matrix composites (MMCs) is critical to the commercialization of these advanced materials. The recycling of both MMC wrought alloy (6061) scrap and foundry alloy (high-silicon) returns has been studied. The MMC extrusion alloy scrap has been recycled back into direct-chill cast logs and the resulting billet has been tested to determine whether the composite properties are degraded by repeated recycling. Similarly, fluxing and degassing techniques have been developed so that MMC foundry alloy gates and risers produced in shape-casting may be recycled back into useful castings. These fluxing and degassing processes have been tested commercially. Ultimately, when either type of MMC scrap can no longer be recycled, the alumina particles in the wrought alloys or the silicon carbide particles in the foundry alloys may be removed by common salt or other fluxing techniques. Rotary salt furnace technology has been shown to be effective for this approach, and the results of large-scale trials are reported here.     

铝硅合金一次熔炼技术的应用

以高压开关用ZL101A铸件的熔炼工艺为例,介绍了铝硅合金一次熔炼工艺的应用和具体的工艺措施。采用该工艺后,可减少一次铝硅合金的熔炼过程,在降低烧损、节省能源的同时,降低了铝硅合金熔炼的总体成本。     

铝硅合金一次熔炼技术的应用

以高压开关用ZL101A铸件的熔炼工艺为例，介绍了铝硅合金一次熔炼工艺的应用和具体的工艺措施。采用该工艺后，可减少一次铝硅合金的熔炼过程。在降低烧损、节省能源的同时。降低了铝硅合金熔炼的总体成本。     

Some aspects of grain refining of Al-Si cast alloys

A study on the effect of different grain refiners and addition technique in Al-7%Si alloys was carried out. The results show that the Al₃Ti phase reacts with silicon (Si) in the molten alloy forming a new compound (Al,Si)₃Ti. This reaction is independent of the grain refiner addition technique. The temperature of the liquid metal causes a significant change in the Al₃Ti phase morphology, which precipitates in the form of platelets at 750°C and in a dendritic form at 950°C. It has also been observed that while (Al,Si)₃Ti phase platelets precipitate within the α-aluminum dendrites, the TiB₂ or AlB₂ particles are rejected into the surrounding interdendritic regions. The results also reveal that addition of 100ppm B will reduce the initial grain size by ~ 85%, which is more than the reduction obtained with the addition of 0.2%Ti in the form of Al-10%Ti (about 65%).     

Dendritic grain growth simulation in weld pool of nickel base alloy

Dendritic grain growth at the edge of the weld pool is simulated using a stochastic numerical model of cellular automaton algorithm. The grain growth model is established based upon the balance of solute in the solid/liquid interface of the dendrite tip. Considering the complicated nucleation condition and competitive growth, the dendrite morphologies of different nucleation condition are simulated. The simulated results reproduced the dendrite grain evolution process at the edge of the weld pool. It is indicated that the nucleation condition is an important factor influencing the grain morphologies especially the morphologies of secondary and tertiary arms.     

Modification mechanism of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with P-Na addition

1　INTRODUCTIONAsastructuralmaterialhavingmanymeritssuchashighfrictionresistance ,highheatresistanceandlowexpansioncoefficient[13] ,hypereutecticAl Sial loyhasbeenattractingattentionofmanyresearchers .However ,forthehypereutecticAl Sialloysproducedwithtraditionalcasting process ,thereareusuallymanycoarseSiparticlesinthematrix ,whichleadtolowtensilestrength ,poorturning propertiesandroughsurfaceaftermechanicalworking[4 ] .Thepre viousresearches[5,6 ] indicatedthat ,forparticulatere inforc…     

The stability of interfaces in high-temperature metal-matrix composites

The interface between the matrix and the reinforcement is an area of great importance in the design of viable high-temperature metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Thorough understanding of the phenomena taking place at the interface is necessary to ensure reliable performance, but the thermodynamic data that would help to predict interfacial reactions are lacking for many systems. However, given certain knowledge, interfaces can be classified according to their stability, providing a tool for composites designers and an impetus for further fundamental work. This article describes the classification system and provides examples of interfacial behavior in a titanium-based material.     

Microstructure evolution and microhardness of friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of a friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze (Cu–9Al–1Fe), produced by a sand casting method, have been investigated at tool rotation of 850–1500 rpm and traverse speed of 50–100 mm/min. Refinement of the primary coarse cast microstructure in the base metal was seen after friction stir welding. Microstructure of the stir zone was characterized in four distinct areas of non-isometric fine grains while a significant grain growth was noticed in some of the areas. Conditions of grain growth are defined with high heat input intensity and low heat transfer capability. The grain size was observed to decrease after FSW, resulting in a greater microhardness across the welded region from about 100 HV in the base metal to about 150 HV at the center of the stir zone. The increased hardness in the stir zone may have stemmed from the locally refined grain size according to Hall–Petch relation.     

Improvement of impact strength of friction‐welded joints by weld interface shape optimisation

The theoretical and practical principles of heat, thermomechanical treatment and textural hardening of weldable titanium alloys are described. The results of investigations of the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of welded joints in titanium alloys are presented.     

超声作用阶段及形式对熔池晶粒结晶的影响

理解不同超声作用下的熔池晶粒结晶特点对超声辅助TIG焊接工艺的优化具有重要意义. 以铝锂合金为研究对象,改变超声作用阶段及施加形式,分析焊缝晶粒分布特征. 结果表明,电弧熄灭后超声作用下,焊缝边缘为断裂的柱状晶,焊缝中心为等轴晶;熄弧前及熄弧后均有超声作用时,焊缝内部全部为等轴晶. 持续超声形式和瞬态超声形式对熔池晶粒结晶具有不同的作用,持续超声主要促进熔池内晶粒的异质形核而促使等轴晶形成,瞬态超声主要通过破碎枝晶细化晶粒. 超声细化铝锂合金TIG焊缝晶粒机制与超声作用阶段及形式具有直接联系.     

近共晶Al-Si合金的晶粒细化

研究了Al-Sr变质剂和锆复合盐细化剂对高近共晶Al-Si合金宏观/微观组织的影响.结果表明:单一Al-Sr变质剂的加入,不仅改变了共晶硅的形貌,同时对合金的组织也有较明显的细化作用.这可能是由于锶的加入,改变了液态金属的结构,导致枝晶尖端前沿生长过冷度增加,降低了枝晶α(Al)固液界面能.当Al-Sr变质剂和锆复合盐细化剂共同作用时,随着熔体中锆含量的增加,铸锭的晶粒度显著减小,当熔体的锆含量超过0.35%,可获得细小、分布均匀的等轴晶,其宏观晶粒尺寸为100～120 μm.与Al-Zr中间合金相比,无论是细化效果还是抗衰退的能力都优于中间合金.     

熔体热速处理对铸造Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了熔体过热和热速处理对AZ91铸造Mg Al Zn合金组织和力学性能的影响。在含有Mn和钢坩埚内壁未刷有涂料的前提下 ,熔体温度 (82 0℃ )不够高时 ,会引起晶粒的粗化 ;熔体温度 (870℃ )足够高时 ,镁合金结晶晶核的增加引起了基体组织的细化 ,同时组织中的γ强化相比未高温过热时弥散、均匀 ;热速处理后组织部分保留了高温过热时的特性 ,从而使镁合金的力学性能和铸件质量得到提高。     

铝硅合金原锭中气孔的遗传现象及控制

通过测定铝硅合金原锭及其重熔以后试样的气孔度和气孔率，发现气孔具有遗传性。对气孔遗传的机理进行了探索，并提出了控制措施。