长输地埋油气管道腐蚀因素分析与防护对策探讨

目前长输地埋油气管道已成为石油与天然气行业采用的主要流体输送手段,因此管道防腐及维护管理是保障其输送安全的重要措施。从五个方面分析了引起管道腐蚀的相关因素,探析了腐蚀机理,探讨了油气管道的防护技术,提出了管道防护技术的质量控制措施,对确保油气管道的安全运行具有十分重要的现实意义。     

油气输送管道腐蚀因素与防护对策

油气资源在我国工业生产、经济发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,管道运输是油气资源的主要运输方式之一。油气输送管道的长期、安全、稳定运行,对实现社会经济的繁荣发展有着重要的意义。但是,油气输送管道运行过程中,容易受到内外环境因素的影响,而出现腐蚀,影响管道的质量,降低管道的使用寿命,甚至会引发油气泄漏问题,造成安全事故。主要对油气输送管道腐蚀因素与防护对策进行了分析,希望能够为预防油气输送管道腐蚀、保障油气输送管道安全提供一定帮助。     

浅谈油气管道安全防护

油气管线在服役过程中,由于设备老化、腐蚀、磨损、施工质量、盗油以及意外损伤等因素,不可避免会造成管线的局部减薄、损坏甚至发生泄漏事故,轻则影响油气产品的输送、供应,重则会造成输送系统的瘫痪甚至起火、爆炸等事故。开展油气长输油气管线密闭输送安全防护技术研究非常重要。本文通过研究各种影响因素对油气长输管道线安全输送的影响,建立起具有高可信度的油气管道安全防护措施,保证油气管道的安全运行。     

电化学防护技术在化工管道防腐中的研究与应用

化工管道在油气输送过程中扮演着重要的角色,但是油气管道的腐蚀一直是一个无法避免的问题。文章首先论述了腐蚀给国民经济带来的影响,从材料腐蚀产生的原因入手,较详细地分析了材料的腐蚀机理,接着以电化学防护技术的基本原理与应用方法为理论基础,列举了几种腐蚀防护的改进措施,为电化学防护技术在油气管道防腐提供了新方法。     

油气运输管道中腐蚀问题及防护措施分析

管道运输作为输送石油、天然气最为经济安全的方法,是油气储运设备中不可缺少的一个部分,在油气运输的过程中存在像油气挥发、火灾、管道腐蚀等安全隐患,其中管道腐蚀所造成的影响是巨大的,因此油气储运管道的腐蚀问题和防护是目前各大油田最为关注的问题之一。本文通过分析目前国内外油气运输过程中管道腐蚀的原因,对当前油气管道防腐技术的应用现状加以研究,提出油气管道防腐的一系列措施,同时对我国油气储运管道的发展前景进行分析。     

油气输送管道腐蚀因素与防护对策

油气管道在油气输送过程中占据重要的位置,然而其易受到管道内介质、环境细菌等多种因素影响而产生腐蚀问题,因此应积极探求有针对性的防腐对策以解决问题。同时,防腐覆盖层是主要的保护手段,它能够抵挡外界环境对管道的腐蚀,保护层与管道牢固的结合在一起,阴极腐蚀现象出现的频率逐步降低。本文分析了油气输送管道腐蚀的因素,如地理环境、腐蚀防护效果、钢管材质与构造、运行中的使用应力,并提出合理的防护对策,如改善环境、形成保护层、改善金属的本质、电化学保护法,在此基础上,保障油气输送过程中出现较少的问题。     

埋地油气管道腐蚀机理研究及防护

埋地油气管道的腐蚀一直是油气储运及集输工程的一个重要问题.分析了埋地油气输送管道腐蚀的各种形式及主要腐蚀机理.针对输油管道的腐蚀问题,从土壤微生物、理化性质以及交流电对管道的腐蚀影响等方面进行了分析.介绍了埋地油气混输管道腐蚀防护的方法:加缓蚀剂、外涂层、内涂层和衬里保护、阴极保护法、杂散电流排流保护等.提出要提高油气...     

油气管道腐蚀检测及管道防护技术探讨

对于油气管道而言,腐蚀问题较为常见,针对管道的腐蚀检测及管道防护问题,结合相关技术的国内外发展现状,对油气管道质量的重要性进行系统分析,对目前常见的油气管道腐蚀检测技术进行探讨和对比,对常见的管道防护技术进行探讨,为油气管道腐蚀检测及管道防护技术的进一步发展奠定基础。     

浅谈埋地管道腐蚀控制与防护

随着我国经济的快速发展,油气能源凸显重要。管道输送作为一种高效、低耗的运输方式,其应用日益广泛。长输油气管道一般是采用钢制金属管道,由于管道所穿过的地形比较复杂,且会受到土壤、水质等因素的影响,钢质管道易于腐蚀,大多埋地钢管均有防腐层加阴极保护的联合防护措施,以防止管道的外壁腐蚀。本文简单介绍了金属管道腐蚀的机理以及管道防腐层的类型和指标的要求,并对常用的腐蚀控制方法做了阐述,延长管道使用寿命,对管道的安全运营十分重要。     

油气混输管道腐蚀及防护管理综述

油气混输管道作为油气开采现场常见的管道输送方式,具有简单高效的特点,但受混相流体的影响,流体介质对管道内壁的腐蚀更为严重。探讨了混输管道内CO2和H2S对管道内壁的腐蚀机理,提出了相应的腐蚀防护措施,为油气管道管理工作提供借鉴。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。