基于TOA指纹数据库的小小区发现

在小小区大量部署的网络场景下,用户进行异频扫描所检测的载波数相比传统网络部署场景会大量增加,因此用户能耗也会相应增加.基于此,提出了一种基于宏小区参考信号到达时间(TOA)指纹数据库的小小区发现策略,通过减少用户不必要的异频检测操作,进而减少用户能量消耗,以解决用户在进行小小区发现时可能存在的能耗过高问题.仿真表明,该方案相比现有的基于参考信号接收功率(RSSI)指纹数据库方案,受噪声影响程度低,小小区发现准确率高.同时,该方案能有效地限制处于高速移动状态的用户进行异频检测,从而增大了用户与小小区连接的成功率.     

Load-adaptive frequency reuse scheme for inter-cell interference coordination in relay networks

Cellular relay networks adopting orthogonal frequency division multiple(OFDM)technology has been widely accepted for next generation wireless communication due to its advantage in enlarging coverage scale as well as improving data rate.In order to improve the performance of user equipments(UEs)near the cell edge,especially to avoid the interference from inter-cell and intra cell,an enhanced soft frequency reuse scheme is adopted in this paper to assure inter-cell interference coordination(ICIC).Compared with traditional frequency allocation work,the proposed scheme is interference-aware and load-adaptive,which dynamically assigns available frequency among UES under certain schedule method in variable traffic load condition and mitigates interference using information provided by interference indicator.It can improve signal-to-interference plus noise ratio(SINR)of the UE in each sub channel thus enable the system achieve better throughput and blocking probability performance.Simulation results prove that the proposed scheme may achieve desirable performance on throughput,blocking probability and spectral utilization in the sector under different traffic load compared with other schemes.     

TD-SCDMA/GSM异系统间小区重选的研究

小区重选是移动终端能够成功驻留在合适的小区并保证呼叫成功率的重要移动性功能,同样也是不同无线通信系统间的主要互操作行为之一.本文对具有TD-SCDMA和GSM两种无线接入技术的双模终端进行异系统间小区重选的原理做了详细的描述,重点对重选的前提,测量的触发及重选的准则进行了分析,并给出了典型的流程图.     

Energy efficiency based joint cell selection and power allocation scheme for HetNets

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) composed of overlapped cells with different sizes are expected to improve the transmission performance of data service significantly. User equipments (UEs) in the overlapped area of multiple cells might be able to access various base stations (BSs) of the cells, resulting in various transmission performances due to cell heterogeneity. Hence, designing optimal cell selection scheme is of particular importance for it may affect user quality of service (QoS) and network performance significantly. In this paper, we jointly consider cell selection and transmit power allocation problem in a HetNet consisting of multiple cells. For a single UE case, we formulate the energy efficiency of the UE, and propose an energy efficient optimization scheme which selects the optimal cell corresponding to the maximum energy efficiency of the UE. The problem is then extended to multiple UEs case. To achieve joint performance optimization of all the UEs, we formulate an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the sum energy efficiency of UEs subject to QoS and power constraints. The formulated nonlinear fractional optimization problem is equivalently transformed into two subproblems, i.e., power allocation subproblem of each UE-cell pair, and cell selection subproblem of UEs. The two subproblems are solved respectively through applying Lagrange dual method and Kuhn–Munkres (K-M) algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

NEST: novel eMBMS scheduling technique

In order to meet the growing demand for mobile multimedia broadcast services 3GPP includes evolved multimedia broadcast and multicast (eMBMS) services in LTE systems. The high data rates, low latency and QoS provisioning makes LTE systems more suitable for mobile broadcast and multicast services than legacy wireless networks. However, the 3GPP standards has not specified any scheduling strategy for this broadcast and multicast services. In this paper, we propose a novel eMBMS scheduling technique (NEST) which focuses on reducing the average waiting time (latency) of the broadcast services offered by LTE system. This paper has twofold contributions. We proffer NEST considering two types of impatience that is user equipment (UE) departure and UE request repetition. Our proposed scheduling strategy estimates the effects originating from the departure of the mobile UEs and UE request repetition case. It intelligently combines the advantages of both flat scheduling and on-demand scheduling in such a way that the overall latency of the system is reduced. We design a suitable modeling framework to analyze the performance of the system. Simulation experiments on typical LTE systems support the performance analysis and demonstrates 10 % gains while comparing with existing eMBMS scheduling available in present LTE systems.     

Hybrid channel gain prioritized access‐aware cell association with interference mitigation in LTE‐Advanced HetNets

LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks deployment is meant to address the increasing demand for quality of service, high data rates and coverage extension. Load balancing is among the primary challenges, especially when the user equipments (UEs) associate with diverse transmission power network tiers using received signal strength. The low‐power network tier's spectrum will be underutilized, and UEs associated with them will be inflicted by interference from the high‐power network tier. The proposed hybrid channel gain prioritized access (HCGPA)‐aware cell association scheme stresses the importance of combined metrics with interference mitigation to simultaneously achieve load balancing and enhance performance among the network tiers. The high‐priority UEs associate with the tier that gives the maximum channel gain being higher than a given threshold. While the low‐priority UEs association is based on the maximum joint metrics (channel gain, channel access probabilities of low‐priority UEs and high‐priority UEs). The HCGPA scheme has 1.72 times the number of UEs connected to low‐power networks, 8% better load balancing fairness, compared with the conventional reference signal receive power and RSRP + 6 dB bias cell associations. Although the susceptibility of HCGPA to interference led to the poor signal to interference to noise ratio (SINR) performance of the cell‐edge UEs, the cell‐centre UEs exhibited the best spectral efficiency performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A universal frequency reuse scheme in LTE‐A heterogeneous networks

Effective inter‐cell interference mitigation has been extensively studied because of its outstanding cell‐edge signal quality improvement capability. Conventional static inter‐cell interference coordination strategies, including fractional frequency reuse and soft frequency reuse, have received much attention owing to their effectiveness in mitigating interference and low complexity in implementation. However, they are less effective when dealing with dense uneven traffic distributions and dynamic traffic demands and thus incur low spectrum utilization in some cells and spectrum shortage in others. This paper proposes a universal frequency reuse scheme in a two‐layer Long Term Evolution‐Advanced heterogeneous network to ensure good throughput for all user equipment (UE), especially UEs at cell edge. The proposed scheme allows each cell to use all the spectrum resources, limited by an orderly regulation of all sub‐bands. This scheme minimizes the potential occurrence probability of inter‐cell co‐sub‐band interference through an intra‐cell sub‐band resource management. Furthermore, a graph‐theoretic based sub‐band allocation algorithm is developed to optimize UE throughput performance, especially for the cell‐edge low signal to interference noise ratio UEs. A comprehensive performance comparison among different frequency reuse schemes is conducted by considering performance metrics, including cell‐edge throughput, average throughput, and signal to interference noise ratio cumulative distribution function. Simulation result shows that the universal frequency reuse scheme outperforms other two schemes significantly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上行MU-MIMO系统中渐近最优的最大特征波束成型技术

该文提出了一种应用于上行MU-MIMO系统的次优传输技术:最大特征波束成型(MEBF)。该技术仅要求每个用户终端(UE)在自己的最大特征方向上传输信息,与最优的多用户迭代注水(MU-IWF)技术相比复杂度很低。通过理论分析,证明了MEBF随着UE个数的增加是渐近最优的。对于有限的UE个数,仿真结果表明,MEBF是一种接近最优的传输技术。     

Joint Scheduling and Resource Allocation with Fairness Based on the Signal-to-Leakage-plus-Noise Ratio in the Downlink of CoMP Systems

Recent research has shown that coordinated multi point (CoMP) transmission can provide significant gains in terms of the overall cell capacity and cell-edge user throughput [1]. The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the overall cell throughput, the cell-edge user’s throughput, and the fairness among user equipment terminals (UEs) in LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems using CoMP. Towards that end, we propose two novel resource allocation (RA) strategies based on the Signal-to-Leakage-plus-Noise-Ratio (SLNR) for the downlink of CoMP transmission in LTE-A systems. The proposed RA strategies select the UEs that can efficiently share the same resource block (RB) without degrading the overall throughput by using the SLNR metric. Moreover, a fairness algorithm is proposed to achieve certain level of fairness among the UEs and to improve the cell-edge UEs throughput. In addition, we compare the proposed strategies to the RA based on the more common Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) strategy. The SLNR-based RA is shown to provide significant gains in throughput reaching up to 80 % in the overall system and is shown to have even less complexity than the typical SINR-based RA. Moreover, by evaluating the proposed strategies in terms of the average cell throughput, cell-edge user throughput, and fairness among UEs, simulations show that the proposed strategies present superior performance compared to the more common SINR strategy. With such advantages as enhanced throughput and lower complexity, the proposed schemes are suitable for application in practical cellular systems.     

Effective resource scheduling scheme considering scheduling relevancy for downlink joint transmission system

Coordinated multi-point(CoMP) transmission is a promising technique to improve both cell average and cell edge throughput for long term evolution-advanced(LTE-A).For CoMP joint transmission(CoMP-JT) in heterogeneous scenario,if joint transmission(JT) users are firstly scheduled,other non-JT users will not be allocated sufficient resources,i.e.,scheduling relevancy exists in the users under different cells in the same coordination cluster.However,the CoMP system throughput will decline remarkably,if the impact of scheduling relevancy is not considered.To address this issue,this paper proposes a novel scheduling scheme for CoMP in heterogeneous scenario.The principles of the proposed scheme include two aspects.Firstly,this scheme gives priority to user fairness,based on an extended proportional fairness(PF) scheduling algorithm.Secondly,the throughput of the coordination cluster should be maintained at a high level.By taking the non-CoMP system as a baseline,the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing to random PF(RPF) and orthogonal PF(OPF) scheme.System-level simulation results indicate that,the proposed scheme can achieve considerable performance gain in both cell average and cell edge throughput.     

Interference management in dense inband D2D network using spectral clustering & dynamic resource allocation

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising concept to improve resource utilization in fifth generation cellular networks. D2D network’s architectural capability to offload traffic from the backhaul network to direct links enables it to be used for internet of things (IoT) services. In a densely deployed setting of IoT devices, D2D network may experience critical interferences due to a limited number of spectral resources. To increase the overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the network while reducing the computational load on a macro base station, a novel decentralized interference management methodology is proposed for dense in-band D2D underlay LTE-A network. The proposed interference management scheme can decouple interference in a network into cross-cluster and intra-cluster interference and tackle with them separately. To mitigate the cross-cluster interference in a dense D2D network we propose dividing the densely deployed D2D user equipments (UEs) network into well-separated clusters using spectral clustering with modified kernel weights. The proposed spectral clustering scheme obtains well-separated clusters with regards to cross-cluster interference, that is, the UEs that offer maximum interference to each other are grouped into the same cluster. Thereafter, a dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed within each cluster to reduce the intra-cluster interference. The proposed dynamic resource allocation algorithm uses graph coloring to allocate resources in such a manner that after each spectrum allocation, a small cell base station updates the interference graph and assigns the next largest interference affected UE a spectrum resource that minimizes the overall intra-cluster interference the most. In conventional graph coloring, the adjacent UEs are allocated different spectrum resources without taking into consideration if the allocated spectrum resource might result in increased interference in the cluster. The simulation results show that the proposed clustering strategy considerably reduces the average cross-cluster interference as compared to other benchmark clustering algorithms such as K-means and KPCA. Moreover, the proposed resource allocation algorithm decreases the intra-cluster interference in the network resulting in the overall SINR maximization of the network.

     

软件定义小蜂窝网络中平衡调度缓存方案

在软件定义小蜂窝网络(Software-defined Small Cell Network, SDCN)中,面对小蜂窝间的干扰问题,现有基于编码和协作的缓存资源管理方案均未结合网络拓扑进行研究,也未考虑用户设备(User Equipment, UE)的接收缓存数,使得资源分配依旧面临不平衡的严峻挑战。针对上述问题,基于SDCN中的拓扑管理功能,运用贪婪算法以是否存在重叠干扰为判定条件对小基站(Small Base Station, SBS)进行划分。此外,以平衡UE接收编码缓存数量为目标,建立平衡调度缓存模型来调节不同区域SBS的分发时间,并借助二分搜索算法寻找其最优解。最后,通过设计自适应编码缓存策略,以应对网络负载的变化。仿真结果表明,所提方案在平衡资源分配与自适应方面性能优势明显,节约了网络资源,增加了网络的吞吐量。     

Performance Analysis of D2D-Aided Underlaying Cellular Networks Based on Poisson Hole Cluster Process

D2D (Device-to-Device) communication has become a crucial part of 4G and 5G networks. It can not only decrease the transmit power of user equipments (UEs) and increase area spectral efficiency of cellular networks, but also offload traffic from cellular networks and alleviate scarcity of spectrum resources by using in-band communication. In this paper, we consider a real tele-communication scenario in which the mobile UEs are primarily located in hotspots and cell edges. By integrating Poisson Hole Process with Thomas Cluster Process, a kind of D2D-Aided Underlaying Cellular Networks (D2D-UCNs) is built. In the D2D-UCNs, we first investigate the aggregation interference of the typical UE and D2D user by using stochastic geometry. Subsequently we analyze their coverage probability and area spectral efficiency. The simulation results show that the coverage probability of D2D users and UEs can be effectively guaranteed by establishing exclusion zone, whilst the area spectral efficiency of the D2D-UCNs can be maximized by optimizing the number of simultaneously active D2D links.

     

TD-LTE和GSM,TD-SCDMA重选准则差异性研究

小区重选是终端在空闲状态下,为保证网络服务而找寻通信状况更优小区并稳定驻留的过程,也是实现不同制式网络相互融合的重要方法之一。本文阐述了TD-LTE的重选准则,比较了GSM和TD-SCDMA的重选规则与TD-LTE的异同,并对准则涉及的关键参数配置关系进行了研究。     

基于LTE小区重选的RSRP测量研究

在LTE中,小区重选是空闲模式中最重要的一项任务。通过小区重选,UE端驻留到优质的小区中。UE端通过RSRP测量,获取当前服务小区和邻近小区的质量,本文的目的即为设计出RSRP测量的实现方法,并对其进行验证。对于RSRP测量的实现方法,3GPP没有给出具体的描述,因此本文将首先设计出RSRP的计算方法,然后搭建仿真链路,对RSRP测量性能进行仿真,通过仿真验证测量带宽和加性高斯白噪声对RSRP测量值的影响。     

LTE小区重选准则分析与研究

从LTE小区选择过程及其相关算法入手,展开对小区重选的讨论。在重选优先级的基础上,介绍不同优先级邻小区的测量启动规则和重选准则,以及UE移动状态对小区重选的影响。并对LTE小区重选算法的复杂度问题进行了分析。     

Power-efficient routing mechanism for ODMA systems

Opportunity driven multiple access (ODMA), a cellular multihop method proposed for Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems, potentially allows reduction in power consumption of user equipment (UE), extending Node B's coverage and supporting higher user data rate. However, ODMA requires extra power for discovering relaying nodes and introduces additional transmission latency in data transfer. This paper offers enlightenment to these ODMA implementation problems. A power-efficient routing (PER) mechanism is proposed to identify a minimum-power path for ODMA communication. Prior to the route (or path) discovery, the PER mechanism utilizes an analytical solution to estimate the total power and number of intermediate UEs required in the minimum-power path. With the estimation, route discovery procedures originating from nonattainable ODMA requests can be prevented. For those attainable ODMA requests that require a route discovery procedure to locate intermediate UEs, the PER mechanism further provides a method to set the transmission power and maximum hop count. Hence, the power consumption of each UE during route discovery is significantly reduced. Simulation results coincided with the analysis, and the results demonstrate the performance improvement of PER over dynamic source routing.     

Nash bargaining solution based multi-cell and multi-user interference alignment scheme for cellular networks

In wireless cellular networks, the interference alignment （IA） is a promising technique for interference management. A new IA scheme for downlink cellular network with multi-cell and multi-user was proposed, in the proposed scheme, the interference in the networks is divided into inter-cell interference （ICI） among cells and inter-user interference （IUI） in each cell. The ICI is aligned onto a multi-dimensional subspace by multiplying the ICI alignment precoding matrix which is designed by the singular value decomposition （SVD） scheme at the base station （BS） side. The aligned ICI is eliminated by timing the interference suppression matrix which is designed by zero-forcing （ZF） scheme at the user equipment （UE） side. Meanwhile, the IUI is aligned by multiplying the IUI alignment precoding matrix which is designed based on Nash bargaining solution （NBS） in game theory. The NBS is solved by the particle swarm optimization （PSO） method. Simulations show that, compared with the traditional ZF IA scheme, the proposed scheme can obtain higher data rate and guarantee the data rate fairness of UEs with little additional complexity.     

Dynamic spectrum allocation for cell range extension in tiered Macro-Pico heterogeneous networks

Heterogeneous networks are employed in the next generation communication systems to enhance the area spectral efficiency (ASE), where cell range extension (CRE) is a promising technique to improve the cell edge performance and utilize the low power node (LPN) resources more effectively. In this paper we propose a dynamic spectrum allocation scheme for Macro-Pico scenario to mitigate both the co-tier and cross-tier interferences. The available system spectrum is divided into different parts by four steps, i.e. user set partition, service request collection, cross-tier occupation and CRE occupation decision, while the service request of each user is taken into consideration. During the process implementation, the reference signal receiving power (RSRP) threshold is derived by mathematical means to judge cell edge macro users when a predefined ratio is given. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reaches almost the same cell edge performance with the best existing option, meanwhile provides higher overall system throughput and better spectral efficiency. Therefore, much better balance is achieved.     

一种基于分布式功率控制的侧行链路高谱效传输机制

第五代(5th Generation, 5G)无线通信系统除了支持蜂窝通信,还支持侧行链路(Sidelink, SL)通信,即两个用户设备(User Equipment, UE)之间可以直接通信,而不需要经过基站中转,有利于降低传输时延、提升资源利用率。在现有的SL分布式系统中,主要通过简单的能量测量进行干扰规避,资源复用准则欠佳,导致中高用户密度场景下吞吐受限。为此,提出了一种基于分布式功率控制的SL高谱效传输机制。各发送UE基于目标链路的信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)和其他干扰链路的CSI进行功率优化,以实现局部范围内多个通信链路的和吞吐最大化;进一步,设计了广播式的CSI测量上报机制能实现多链路的分布式功率控制和资源选择。仿真结果表明,所提方案相比于现有的SL分布式资源分配机制,在中高用户密度下可获得30%～100%的吞吐增益;此外,所提方案相比于现有WiFi的载波侦听多址(Carrier Sense Multiple Access, CSMA)分布式信道接入机制,在中高用户密度下可获得50%～200%的吞吐增益。