用SEM和XRD研究改性活性炭纤维的结构

比较了以ＦｅＳＯ４改性ＡＣＦ其表面形态及微晶结构的变化。经过改性，ＡＣＦ表面形态发生了很大变化—表面被刻蚀，表面孔形态发生变化，ＡＣＦ的石墨微晶尺寸大大减小，出现明显的细晶化趋势。ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ两种测试方法的结果基本吻合，在此基础上提出改性模型     

用SEMT和XRD研究改性活性炭纤维的结构

比较了以ＦｅＳＯ４改性ＡＣＦ其表面形态及微晶结构的变化。经过改性，ＡＣＦ表面形态发生了很在大变化－表面被刻蚀，表面孔形态发生变化，ＡＣＦ的石墨微晶尺寸大大减小，出现明显的细晶化趋势。ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ两种测试方法的结果基本吻合，在此基础上提出改性模型。     

POM／COPA共混物的微观结构与力学性能研究

采用ＦＴ－ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ等方法对ＰＯＭ／ＣＯＰＡ共混物的微观结构进行分析，并测试其力学性能。结果表明，在ＰＯＭ／ＣＯＰＡ共混物中存在着氢键的相互作用，且氢键的相对强度随ＣＯＰＡ含量的增加而增大。ＣＯＰＡ的加入，使ＰＯＭ的熔点下降，结晶温度增高，微晶尺寸Ｌ１１０及晶胞参数有所增加。微晶尺寸Ｌ１１０控制在１０．８７￣１３．４５ｎｍ之间时，可获得力学性能均衡的ＰＯＭ／ＣＯＰＡ共混物。     

超大比表面积ACF和常规ACF表面结构比较

聚丙烯腈基超大比表面积ＡＣＦ（ＨＳＡＣＦ）与常规的小比表面积ＡＣＦ具有不同的表面结构,常规ＡＣＦ具有较为完善的微晶结构,含有比较丰富的杂原子官能结构,主要存在于骨架碳上的含氮官能团含量较大;而对于ＨＳＡＣＦ,超微粒子尺度减小（类石墨微晶基本不存在）,主要存在于骨架碳上的含氮官能团含量较小,杂原子官能结构的浓度和化学状态与常规ＡＣＦ大不相同,这些都使ＨＳＡＣＦ具有与常规ＡＣＦ不同的纳米孔空间表面结构     

AlF3—CdF2—PbF2—LiF玻璃的X射线衍射和分子动力学研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射和分子动力学计算机结构模拟（ＭＤ）等手段，研究了ＡｌＦ３－ＣｄＦ２－ＰｂＦ２－ＬｉＦ玻璃的结构。研究表明Ａｌ原子为６配位，Ｃｄ原子取６，７和配位，ｉ原子为４，５或６配位，Ｃｄ－Ｆ的平均键长力１．１５Ａ。在ＡＤ计算的玻璃中存在着很少的桥Ｆ（Ｆｂ），大量的非桥Ｆ（Ｆｎｂ），并出现了较多的游离Ｆ，Ｆｆ和Ａｌ原子成键。玻璃结构可以看到是由Ｃｄ＾２＋连接的孤立的「Ａｌ２Ｆ１１」等形式的多面体堆     

理光XR－X3PF手动聚焦单反相机

理光ＸＲ－Ｘ３ＰＦ手动聚焦单反相机蒋宁在内置自动输片装置的手动聚焦３５ｍｍＳＬＲ中，功能较为齐全的有康泰克斯（ＣＯＮＴＡＸ）１６７ＭＴ、佳能（ＣＡＮＯＮ）Ｔ９０、企能（ＣＨＮＯＮ）ＣＰ—７Ｍ、尼康（ＮＩＫＯＮ）Ｆ—６０１Ｍ、以及理光（ＲＩＣＯＨ）ＸＲ...     

SiC纤维补强微晶玻璃基复合材料的界面结合

本文通过ＳｉＣ纤维对ＬＣＡＳ（Ｌｉ２Ｏ－ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２）和ＭＡＳ（ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２）微晶玻璃的补强，观察和分析了在不同复合系统中纤维与基体的界面结合。在ＳｉＣ纤维／ＬＣＡＳ微晶玻璃复合系统中，发现纤维与基体之间有一中间界面层，它主要是在复合材料的烧结过程中通过扩散形成，并且于１２００℃时在界面上形成富Ｃ层。ＳｉＣ纤维／ＭＡＳ微晶玻璃基复合材料由于在烧结过程中有化学反应发生     

预退火对Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9纳米晶合金形成的影响

采用Ｘ射线衍射，电子衍射及透射电子显微技术研究了Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１－ｘＭｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９非晶合金４１０℃预退火对随后４８０℃退火所形成的纳米晶结构的影响。结果表明，预退火对Ｆｅ７３。０５，Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金纳米晶结构的形成有重要影响。当预退火时间从０小时增加到３小时，合金在４８０℃，小时退火形成的晶相化α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的晶粒尺寸从１５ｎｍ减小到８ｎｍ。预退火使α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）相的     

纳米MgO微晶的晶格畸变和反常红外特性

报道了利用ＦＴ－ＩＲ光吸收谱测量和Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析对纳米ＭｇＯ微晶的初步研究结果，发现纳米ＭｇＯ的微结构和红外吸收特性均存在尺寸效应，而且其红外吸收峰出现了红移和蓝移同时并存的现象。文中结合ＸＲＤ分析结果和纳米晶材料中界面效应对上述现象给出了初步的物理解释。     

热处理对刚性聚芳醚腈的结晶行为及熔融的影响

利用广角Ｘ射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）方法和示差扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究了不同热处理温度时聚芳醚腈（ＰＣＥ）的微晶尺寸、结晶度及热性能的变化。结果表明,淬火样品在熔融温度以下,不同的热处理对微晶尺寸、结晶度、Ｔｇ及Ｔｍ比较均下降,说明ＰＣＥ聚合物在熔融过程中出现了交联现象,因而降低了结晶度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.