蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

以蓖麻油作为多元醇原料,通过分步法制备了高性能环境友好的蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯(CWPU),研究了2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)含量、蓖麻油含量和n(-OH)/n(-NCO)值对CWPU分散体及薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,DMPA含量和n(-OH)/n(-NCO)值对分散体的粒径分布和薄膜的耐水性具有显著的影响,当n(-OH)/n(-NCO)值为0.99时,添加5%的DMPA就可得到奶白色CWPU分散体,CWPU薄膜的吸水率仅为148.3%;当DMPA含量为7%,n(-OH)/n(-NCO)值达到0.83时即可得到半透明泛蓝光的分散体,CWPU薄膜的吸水率仅为107.8%;蓖麻油含量对薄膜的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)、强度和韧性具有显著影响,当蓖麻油含量为50%时,T_g、弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别为41.6℃、65.33 MPa和317.37%。所有分散体的存储稳定性均在6个月以上。文中在引入较低的亲水基团含量条件下制备的CWPU分散体能够稳定存在并具有优异的耐水性能和力学性能。     

蓖麻油-聚醚基聚氨酯弹性体的制备和表征

以可再生资源-蓖麻油作为起始荆,环氧丙烷开环聚合制备了不同分子量的蓖麻油-聚醚多元醇,并通过1HNMR 和 FTIR 等手段来分析蓖麻油-聚醚多元醇的结构.以不同分子量的蓖麻油-聚醚多元醇作为原料制备了一系列聚氨酯弹性体,并对其进行物理机械性能和热性能分析.研究结果表明:随着蓖麻油聚醚多元醇分子量的增加,其聚氨酯弹性体的扯断伸长率逐渐增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度逐渐降低;同时,热稳定性提高,硬段的结晶熔融温度和结晶度降低.     

无皂蓖麻油基聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)、蓖麻油(C.O)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要原料,采用自乳化法制备蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯预聚体,并以此为种子乳液进行丙烯酸酯单体的无皂乳液聚合,制备出了以蓖麻油基聚氨酯(CPU)为壳、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)为核的无皂核壳蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(CPUA)复合乳液。研究了蓖麻油对复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)确认了复合乳液的结构,红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及热失重(TGA)分析研究了聚合物的结构及其性能。结果表明,当C.O与PCDL中—OH物质的量之比为1∶3时,乳液性能稳定,胶膜具有良好的耐水性及力学性能。IR、XRD及TEM表明CPUA间存在一定的交联,促进了硬段、软段间的相容性。与水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(WPUA)相比,合成的CPUA热稳定性得以提高,胶膜拉伸强度高达111MPa。     

蓖麻油聚氨酯网络聚合物吸水性能的研究

本工作对蓖麻油/甲苯二弄氰酸酯(TDI)/丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)在辛酸亚锡作用下形成的预聚体和不同重量比的活性稀释剂相混合,在紫外光下照射固化所得样品的吸水性能进行了初步探讨。 实验结果表明,样品水凝胶溶胀行为与稀释剂中所含亲水基团有关。样品的吸水率与稀释剂的用量有关,稀释剂用量越多其吸水率也大。     

耐热型聚氨酯的合成制备与性能

提高聚氨酯耐热性能是聚氨酯应用研究热点.文章以聚醚多元醇(PPG)、4,4'—二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、3,3—二氯—4,4—二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)为主要原料,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯(PU),探讨了扩链系数对聚氨酯耐热性能的影响.结果表明,随着扩链系数的增加,聚氨酯的综合力学性能、耐热性能先升高后降低,动态...     

不同异氰酸酯固化的蓖麻油/酚氧树脂聚氨酯的动态力学性能

４,４′－二羟基二苯基丙烷与环氧氯丙烷,在ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２催化剂作用下,反应生成端羟基酚氧树脂,与蓖麻油混合,用３种异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ、ＩＰＤＩ和ＨＤＩ）作固化剂,制得一系列交联聚氨酯,研究了这３种聚氨酯的动态力学性能。结果表明,它们都有一个玻璃化转变温度,组分相容性好,改变ＮＣＯ／ＯＨ摩尔比和蓖麻油／酚氧树脂的质量比,可制得一系列具有阻尼性能好的浇注型聚氨酯材料。     

聚氨酯弹性体/纤维素纳米晶体复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过浓硫酸水解脱脂棉制备纤维素纳米晶体(CNC),并用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)对其进行表面修饰。以4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、CNC、1,4-丁二醇(BD)为原料制备聚氨酯弹性体/纤维素纳米晶体(PUE/CNC)复合材料,研究了CNC用量对PUE/CNC复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:当CNC用量达到1%(wt,质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了178%和97.5%,热性能也有所提高;但CNC用量超过1.5%后,复合材料的力学性能下降,热性能仍保持提升。     

单硬脂酸甘油酯改性蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究

目的 使用单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)对蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯进行改性,增强其防水、耐热和力学性能。方法 使用丙酮法合成不同GMS含量的蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯乳液,进行乳液粒径测定和稳定性试验;使用浇铸法制作薄膜,并进行铅笔硬度测试、力学性能测试、吸水测试、接触角测试、热重测试、DSC、FTIR测试。分析薄膜表面硬度、力学性能、耐水性能、热稳定性、耐热性能和内部结构。结果 当GMS的−OH的摩尔分数为25%时薄膜综合性能最佳,此时膜的抗拉强度为(9.37±1.28)MPa,弹性模量为(250.55±34.05)MPa,薄膜的吸水率降低到12%,薄膜的水接触角为92°。GMS的加入,增加了薄膜的玻璃态转化温度和铅笔硬度,但热稳定性有所下降。结论 GMS的加入增强了蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯的耐水、耐热和力学性能。     

蓖麻油基UV固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成及固化膜性能

以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚己二酸丁二醇、蓖麻油(CO)、二羟甲基丙烯酸(DMPA)、双酚A和丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料合成了一系列蓖麻油基UV固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA),通过配方优化获得了综合性能良好、高绝缘性、高附着力的绝缘油墨用PUA树脂。通过红外光谱、热重分析、导电和接触角测定等对树脂及固化膜性能进行了表征。结果表明,-NCO基团处的特征吸收峰的消失,氨基甲酸酯键及C=C特征峰的出现表明了整个反应体系是朝着实验设计的方向进行的;随着CO/PEG摩尔比的增加,PUA低聚物的耐热性提高,导电性能减弱。同时探讨了CO/PEG摩尔比,CO/聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)摩尔比和DMPA含量等对涂膜性能的影响,结果表明,CO/PEG摩尔比为1/6,CO/PBA摩尔比为1/3,PBA/PEG为1/2,DMPA的质量为所有组分总质量的1.5%时,光固化后的涂膜综合性能优异。     

超支化聚氨酯改性水性环氧树脂固化剂的制备与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和二乙醇胺(DEOA)为原料,合成出了超支化聚氨酯核HBPU-0;以IPDI、聚醚多元醇(N210)、DMPA等原料合成线型聚氨酯,然后将线型聚氨酯接枝到HBPU-0上,制备出超支化聚氨酯(HBPU);再以HBPU、环氧树脂E-44、丁基缩水甘油醚单封端的四乙烯五胺(TEPA-660a)为主要原料制备出超支化聚氨酯改性水性环氧树脂固化剂。用红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜、扫描电镜和热失重等方法表征和测试了聚合物的结构与性能,研究了HBPU含量对固化膜断面形貌、力学性能、热性能的影响。结果表明,当HBPU质量分数达到24%时,固化膜的综合性能最佳,此时冲击强度为23.4kJ/m2,拉伸强度为52.4 MPa,5%和50%的质量热损失温度分别为287.5℃和376℃,与未改性环氧树脂相比,柔韧性和耐热性均有显著提高。     

Preparation and performance evaluation of castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer/polylactide blends

Polylactide (PLA) is an important biodegradable polymer, used for numerous applications ranging from industrial packaging to tissue engineering. However, its inherent brittleness and limited thermal stability have restricted its penetration to niche markets. In this communication, the authors demonstrate that blending of PLA with castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer (COPUP), with the addition of COPUP, dispersed in the PLA matrix can overcome the inherent brittleness of the matrix polymer. NCO-terminated COPUP was successfully synthesized and subsequently mixed with variable concentration of PLA matrix using melt blending technique. The interfacial compatibilization between COPUP and PLA phase happened by the reaction of ?NCO groups with terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA was confirmed by FT-IR peak deconvolution technique. As indicated by the results of DMA and DSC, the glass transition temperature (T _g) of both PLA and COPUP shifted closer together, indicating that the blend compatibility increased. The tensile properties and notched Izod impact strength of the PLA and toughened PLA are also investigated. With the addition of 30 % COPUP concentration, the elongation at break of the blend reached 377.46 %, and a notched Izod impact 269.62 J m^?1. With improved toughness, the PLA/COPUP blends could be used as replacements for some traditional petroleum-based polymers.     

Effects of organic chain length of layered zirconium phosphonate on the structure and properties of castor oil-based polyurethane nanocomposites

Three novel organic–inorganic hybrid molecules, layered zirconium phosphates or phosphonates, were synthesized. To study the effects of organic chain length of them on the structure and properties of polymer nanocomposites, the polyurethane/α-zirconium phosphate (PU/ZrP), polyurethane/zirconium 2-aminoethylphosphonate (PU/ZrAEP) and polyurethane/zirconium 2-(2-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino)ethylamino) ethylphosphonate (PU/Zr(AE)₄P) nanocomposites were prepared, and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. It was revealed that morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of these nanocomposites were strongly dependent on the organic chain length of the layered zirconium phosphonates. The results showed that the fillers with longer chain length exhibited better dispersion in the PU matrix. As expected, the mechanical properties and water resistance were improved with the increasing of organic chain length of fillers, which attributed to better interfacial adhesion between fillers and PU matrix.     

水性聚氨酯的改性及性能研究

水性聚氨酯是目前天然材料和合成材料中性能较为突出的环保型新材料。为提供水性聚氨酯合成可行的研究思路,简要概括了水性聚氨酯近年来在改性方面的研究进展,并对水性聚氨酯性能研究作了描述。     

Preparation,damping and thermal properties of potassium titanate whiskers filled castor oil-based polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating polymer network composites

A series of potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) filled castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/epoxy resin (EP) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composites were prepared. The damping properties, thermal stability as well as tensile strength of the IPN composites were studied systematically in terms of composition. Results revealed that the addition of PTW can significantly improve the damping properties of pure PU/EP IPN and can improve the thermal decomposition temperature. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of the IPN composites was improved after the incorporation of PTW. It is expected that the PTW filled IPN composites may be used as structural damping materials.     

蓖麻油聚氨酯/环氧互穿网络胶粘剂的粘接及热稳定性研究

采用顺序聚合法制备了蓖麻油聚氨酯/环氧互穿网络胶粘剂,利用FT-IR分析了胶粘剂结构,考察了环氧的加入量对胶粘剂的表干时间、剪切强度、热稳定性的影响。结果发现,虽然该胶粘剂虽然表干时间很长,但其剪切强度可达5.65MPa;环氧加入量在37%以内,对胶膜的特征热分解温度影响不大。     

耐热聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能研究

用天然石墨作为填料,采用预聚体法制备了耐热聚氨酯(PU)弹性体.采用TGA、TMA法分析了石墨的加入量对其热稳定性的影响;利用电子拉力实验机研究了石墨的加入量对该弹性体力学性能的影响.结果表明:在实验范围内,随着石墨加入量的增大,该弹性体的热稳定性及力学性能都有不同程度的增加.当石墨加入量为12%(相对于预聚体而言),热稳定性及力学性能最佳,拉伸强度、压缩强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大.热分解温度聚酯型PU弹性体提高了30℃,聚醚型提高了近40℃.     

交联改性阴离子聚氨酯水分散体的制备与性能研究

由甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚己内酯二醇（PCL）和二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）反应,再与高醚化度甲醇醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂（HMMM）反应,制备了一种交联型阴离子水性聚氨酯。采用红外光谱对样品进行表征,并讨论了交联改性对聚氨酯乳液粒径分布、胶膜耐水性、力学性能、热稳定性及结晶度的影响。红外分析证实HMMM与聚氨酯发生了交联反应。当m（HMMM）∶m（—COOH）=2.25时,胶膜拉伸强度达到30.3MPa,吸水率为17.2%,吸乙醇率为10.9%,与水接触角为69.6°,Tmax（最快分解温度）为301.5℃,结晶度为1.10%。     

中孔活性碳纤维的制备及性能研究

活性碳纤维作为一种性能优良的吸附材料，在环境保护方面有着极其重要的应用，但传统的活性碳纤维都是微孔型的，这就造成了活性碳纤维在应用上的局限，利用自己开发的一种超细固体颗粒加入到纺丝溶液中，然后合理控制碳化、活化温度成功开发出了平均孔径在4．2nm的中孔型的活性碳纤维，其中大于2nm的孔占50％以上，并用VB12对其吸附性能进行了测试，结果表明该活性碳纤维的吸附能力达到1325．35mg／g，用美国麦克公司产ASAP2000型自动吸附仪对比表面积进行了表征，比表面积达到1635．24m^2／g。     

The properties of polyurethane hybrid materials based on castor oil

The goal of this work was to investigate the properties of environmentally friendly, castor oil based polyurethane hybrid materials with titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles, as a filler, and different types of diisocyanate (toluene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate). In the sample synthesis, different ratios of the reactive groups (NCO/OH), r, were used (1, 1.15 and 0.92). In the composite preparation, only toluene diisocyanate was used, and the filler particles were premixed in a glass vessel with the castor oil polyol before the reaction with diisocyanate. For all the composite samples, the r value was 1. Polyurethane formation was confirmed by ATR-FT-IR by detecting the urethane band at 1515 cm⁻¹. It was determined that the hydroxyl groups had reacted because the broad band corresponding to the OH groups (3400 cm⁻¹) was not detected or detected at a reduced intensity depending on the r value. As was expected, the presence of the unreacted NCO groups was detected only for samples with r > 1 (band at 2300 cm⁻¹, which corresponds to the existence of these groups). The dynamic mechanical measurements were performed at a temperature range from −50 °C to 100 °C at different frequencies. For investigation of reinforcement effect of filler on polymer matrix, tensile testing was applied. The glass transition temperature, T_g, was determined by DSC measurement. It was estimated that the T_g of the samples decreased as the nanofiller content increased due to the changes in the segmental mobility influenced by the interaction between the nanoparticles and polymer chains.