Demonstration projects and sustainable housing

Because of the complicated structure of the built environment, it is frequently difficult to obtain good results on sustainable development projects. In The Netherlands, the Dutch government have used a range of new steering instruments which have cleverly enabled innovation to take place within a market economy. This imaginative governmental process uses covenants, network management and above all, demonstration projects to assess the feasibility of innovation. The authors describe the process and consider examples from energy efficient and sustainable housing, highlighting the importance of clear targets.     

Public sustainable-energy requirements and innovation in UK PFI school projects

In a bid to understand the relationship between public sector clients’ sustainable energy requirements and innovation, this paper describes a study examining the requirement development process in four private finance initiative (PFI) school projects. A case study approach was adopted to enable a greater understanding of the public sector clients’ activities at the front end of the design process, particularly focusing on requirement identification and the effect of the requirement on private sector actors’ pursuit of an innovative sustainable design. The findings have shown that incentive effects of the requirements are often weak in PFI projects, particularly in relation to the requirement’s specificity and achievability, the inability of requirements such as BREEAM to promote energy efficiency and the low weighting of environmental sustainability on PFI bid evaluation criteria. Taken together, these results offer insight into public authorities in relation to the necessary conditions for the use of requirements as an effective contractual mechanism to encourage innovation for sustainable energy.     

The influence of green building certifications in collaboration and innovation processes

While the paradigm of sustainable development has largely influenced architecture projects worldwide, Green Building Certifications (GBCs) have become the new (increasingly mandatory) standard of project performance. Numerous studies have concentrated on the influence of sustainable development (SD) in the final product: the building. However, more research is still needed in order to understand how GBCs have influenced building processes, particularly collaboration and innovation within architecture projects. In order to fill this gap, this study presents results from 19 interviews with professionals in the built environment and examines three architecture projects conducted in Canada that received a widely popular GBC and were significantly influenced by SD principles during the design and building process. The research applies recent frameworks for exploring stakeholders’ interests on GBCs and the collaboration and innovation practices developed by them. Research results show that processes within these projects are shaped by at least four tensions that can either enhance or hinder collaboration and innovation: strategic–tactical, collaborative–competitive, participative–effective and individual–collective. The study highlights the importance of understanding GBC as a process and not only as a final outcome, and thus, to better manage these tensions so that they contribute to product and process performance.     

Promoting the sustainable development of infrastructure projects through responsible innovation: An evolutionary game analysis

Responsible innovation in infrastructure projects can promote the sustainable development of infrastructure projects where the strategies of the stakeholders involved have a significant impact on this process. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model including the government, focal enterprises, and the public to simulate and analyze their behavioral strategies and the sensitivity to relevant influencing factors at different phases of infrastructure projects. The results demonstrate that the government acts as a leader in the initial phase, and gradually evolves into the role of guardian in the intermediate and operational phases. Lower supervision costs, heavier penalties, and public participation can promote responsible innovation by focal enterprises and responsible supervision by the government, while higher incentive subsidies will generate the focal enterprises' behavior of “defrauding subsidy.” A three-dimensional framework for responsible innovation in infrastructure projects is developed based on the research results, covering the project life cycle, stakeholders, and responsibility and benefits, which embody the coupling mechanism of infrastructure projects’ responsible innovation.     

普通高等学校基建项目 BLT 模式研究

为解决普通高等学校基建项目存在的融资可持续发展问题,通过对普通高等学校教育经费构成和融资现状的分析,并综合考虑普通高等学校可行的融资方式和学校基础设施建设过程中的任务分配情况,构建了基于决策树分析法的普通高等学校基建项目开发模式。经过方案论证,重点考虑将 BLT 模式引入普通高等学校基础设施建设和开发中,并详细分析了其运作流程和主要风险。应用该模式是普通高等学校基建项目融资方式的创新,有利于缓解普通高等学校基建项目的资金压力并提高项目管理效率。     

The interorganizational innovation processes of sustainable building: A Dutch case of joint building innovation in sustainability

This article's subject is the cooperation process between organizations that develop and implement innovations in sustainable building. Its main research question is how governmental and commercial organizations organize and structure their joint activities to develop innovations in sustainability. In the search for answers to this question the cooperative activities of innovating organizations are modelled as an interorganizational innovation process. The case study research method is used to investigate the development of interorganizational innovation patterns in sustainability in seven house-building projects in the Dutch residential building sector. The empirical research findings are discussed by means of a comparison with the theoretical framework that includes five complementary stage models of interorganizational innovation processes. The main conclusions of the research are that (1) governmental and commercial organizations that successfully innovate in sustainability go through eight consecutive stages of interorganizational innovation, and (2) perform twenty-two interaction patterns that are part of these stages.     

The more the better? The role of stakeholder information processing in complex urban innovation projects for green transformation

To fight climate change and to cope with the energy crisis, a green and sustainable transformation of the existing urban space is needed. Key for the increase of a city districts’ energy efficiency is the successful management of urban innovation projects. Urban innovation projects target heterogeneous innovation fields like heat supply, thermal insulation, mobility, and smart city approaches. They cover various technological and social innovations, affect almost all areas of urban life and economy, and, hence, need to involve heterogonous stakeholders. As such, urban innovation projects are more complex than many other projects, which results in difficulties of the implementation of the innovations alternatives in the local urban environment. This study focuses on the role of stakeholder involvement breadth and depth to foster the likelihood of implementation of new solutions in urban innovation projects. We ask how information processing capabilities affect the efficacy of stakeholder involvement. The empirical analysis provides evidence based on text mining of planning documents and survey data from 106 German urban innovation projects. The results reveal the benefits and challenges of stakeholder involvement and show how digital tools may help to overcome information processing obstacles.     

Challenges for integrated design (ID) in sustainable buildings

It is often argued that integrated design (ID) is a powerful way to enhance collaboration in construction projects. This collaboration is seen as a way of improving innovation to create more sustainable buildings. Contrary to the traditional silo-type and linear design process, ID is based on upfront stakeholder involvement and a holistic approach to project decision-making. Although ID’s premises are theoretically-founded, a close empirical look at its practices shows that numerous challenges compromise its results and efficiency. This study examines the ID process through an iterative process that includes the construction of a conceptual framework and its empirical validation. We examine three green construction projects in Canada. Based on the analysis of 26 interviews with key project stakeholders and more than 198 construction documents, the study assembles – and ultimately applies – a multi-lens framework based on four themes: the fragmented nature of construction; risk perception; stakeholders’ commitment; and efficiency in the design process. Results show that three tensions arise in ID practices: between collaboration and process efficiency, between short-term and long-term goals, and between integrated methods and traditional ones. The study sheds light on ID limits and reveals how stakeholders can improve their interactions to design more sustainable buildings.     

In favor or against: The influence of skeptical stakeholders in urban innovation projects for green transformation

Skeptical stakeholder involvement – collaborating with stakeholders who may harbor negative attitudes - is a complex, uncertain process that poses substantial challenges for innovation project management. Developing complex innovations like those in urban spaces requires engagement with knowledge, behavioral shifts, and resources from both public and private stakeholders. As a result, these stakeholders might oppose the project's objectives, thereby exerting a significant influence on the project. However, scant attention has been directed toward investigating the role of skeptical stakeholder involvement. The goal of this research is to address this research gap by examining the underexplored impact of skeptical stakeholder involvement on the project front end, thereby underscoring the importance of innovativeness and implementation intention as outcomes during these initial project stages. The study draws on a unique combination of text mining, text analysis, and survey data derived from 107 publicly funded urban innovation projects in Germany. These projects encompass diverse innovation types and technologies that may affect nearly all stakeholders within a given city district, thus making the context an ideal empirical terrain for investigation. The study's findings reveal that (i) skeptical stakeholder involvement positively influences innovativeness and implementation intention, and (ii) a robust reservoir of project management resources, coupled with moderate levels of formal management, facilitates the integration of skeptical stakeholders. The study advances current literature on project stakeholder management and project front-end dynamics by highlighting the positive influences of skeptical stakeholder involvement. Consequently, these outcomes contribute to the broader literature on sustainable urban transformation and enhance our understanding of stakeholder management mechanisms in the realm of urban innovation projects.     

基于集对分析的煤炭建设项目可持续发展评价研究

可持续发展战略的实施对传统的煤炭建设项目经济评价体系提出了新的挑战。文章在建立煤炭建设项目可持续发展评价指标体系的基础上,运用基于集对分析的集对势,建立煤炭建设项目经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展综合评价模型。使用该模型对某煤炭建设项目做可持续发展评价,并且计算过程简单,操作性强,为煤炭建设项目在可研阶段进行可持续发展评价提供一定的参考。     

Managing short-term efficiency and long-term development through industrialized construction

There is a strong need for a productive and innovative infrastructure sector because of its monetary value and importance for the development of a sustainable society. An increased level of industrialization is often proposed as a way to improve efficiency and productivity in construction projects. In prior literature on industrialized construction, there are however neither many studies addressing more long-term aspects of innovation and sustainability nor studies within the infrastructure context. Organizational theory suggests that firms need to be ambidextrous and focus on both long-term exploration of new knowledge and technologies and short-term exploitation of current knowledge and technologies, in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, an investigation of how both short-term exploitative performance objectives and long-term explorative development can be addressed when implementing industrialized construction in infrastructure projects was conducted. A case study consisting of four infrastructure projects shows that the main drivers for increased industrialization are of an exploitative nature, focusing on cost savings and increased productivity through more efficient processes. The main barriers to increased industrialization are however related to both explorative and exploitative activities. Hence, by managing the identified barriers and explicitly addressing both exploitation and exploration, industrialized construction can improve both short-term efficiency and long-term innovation and sustainability.     

The effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance

The paper develops a theoretical base for the effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance. It has been proposed that Six Sigma projects enhance technological innovation of the firms; however, they are beneficial for firms in stable environments. Since Six Sigma programs are focused on variance reduction and efficiency, these initiatives are not very effective in dynamic environments, where the rate of technological change is dramatic. With their emphasis on variance-reduction and efficiency Six Sigma programs can be effective in enhancing incremental innovation. In addition, due to the focus of Six Sigma projects on existing customers, they may impede innovation for new customers. Accordingly, implementing Six Sigma projects in fast pace environments with high level of innovation and change may be a challenge, and may not result in the expected outcome. Building upon theories form process management and quality management the paper proposes several propositions to address the effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance.     

Feature based process framework to manage scope in dynamic NPD portfolios

The need to develop new products in increasingly frequent cycles of innovation drives organizations to form new product development (NPD) portfolios. In such dynamic environments, organizations need to reinforce their capabilities to deal with the simultaneity of multiple NPD projects, as well as with the frequent changes of the product scope. Many organizations, that have adopted the typical NPD process enforcing a streamlined product development process, are challenged beyond strict planning and rigorous control of their NPD projects.     

基于生命周期分析的可持续建筑创新战略研究

创新是行业发展的灵魂,人类环保意识的增强要求建筑业必须树立可持续发展的创新理念,以生态平衡原则实施可持续建筑创新战略。可持续建筑创新战略以建筑与环境的关系为出发点,在建筑的生命周期阶段以"减少对环境的影响"为优先原则,将可持续发展思想融入到创新活动的全过程。目前,对可持续建筑创新战略的研究正成为学者共同探讨的前沿问题。本文从生态学和管理学的角度出发,借助可持续建筑生命周期图,重点探讨了可持续建筑在规划、设计、施工、运营到拆除等不同生命周期阶段创新战略的具体内容。可持续建筑创新战略的实施需要政府的支持、建筑业利益相关者的管理、行业的监管等创新环境的支持。该战略突出可持续发展的三重底线原则,前瞻性地综合考虑了环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,为整个行业的发展注入新的竞争要素,从而加快建筑业可持续发展战略的步伐。     

Organizing for knowledge creation in a strategic interorganizational innovation project

A fundamental challenge for interorganizational innovation projects is employing diverse actors’ knowledge, expertise and perspectives for situation-specific demands of complex innovation. Innovation advancement is dependent on the degree to which knowledge is used and synthesized to address emerging and situation-specific demands of innovation. The goal of this study is to shed light on organizing for joint knowledge creation in a strategic interorganizational innovation project. Based on an inductive analysis of interview data from one strategic interorganizational innovation project, we identified the iterative process, self-organizing working groups and dynamic participation as practices through which the actors involved arranged and enacted their joint efforts, namely, knowledge creation and progress of innovation. This study contributes to research on managing strategic interorganizational projects by suggesting that organizing, which involves structural and informal organizing practices, supports managing strategic interorganizational projects where the diverse actors’ knowledge integration is at the core of the innovation project's goals.     

基于可持续发展的历史街区保护与更新

介绍了如何运用可持续发展的理论在城市更新中对历史街区的传统风貌进行保护和更新,并指出对历史街区的保护和更新要遵循可持续发展的公平性、持续性和共同性原则,从而在城市更新中实现城市空间与城市文化的可持续发展。     

Concurrent engineering: a strategy for procuring construction projects

The construction procurement process has been heavily criticised for its fragmented approach toward the delivery of construction projects. This has affected project effectiveness inasmuch as current procurement practices do not effectively encourage the integration, coordination and communication between participants. In addition, there is an ephemeral shifting coalition of participants from which divergent goals and objectives often emanate. This inhibits the scope for creativity and innovation throughout the procurement process. To overcome the difficulties often associated with procuring projects, industry practitioners and researchers have turned to the manufacturing industry as a point of reference and a potential source of innovation. Accordingly, a concept known as Concurrent Engineering (CE) has become a focal point for research. Concurrent engineering is a holistic approach to the design, development and production of a product. A multi-disciplinary team approach is required, whereby participants are brought together during the design to determine how downstream issues may be affected by design decisions. This paper suggests that a CE approach in construction may significantly improve the way in which projects are procured. A simple model demonstrating how CE can contribute to project effectiveness is proposed.     

乌昌地区植物群落营建初探——以新疆昌吉滨湖河中央公园植物规划为例

随着西部地区的开发,景观提升无疑成为展示区域城市名片的一个方式。本文以新疆昌吉滨湖河中央公园植物规划为例,初步探讨了乌昌地区植物群落的营建,旨在延续植物特色的同时,强调创新性及可持续发展,为该区域今后类似项目的开展提供借鉴。     

So many projects,so little result: The self-perpetuating cycle of inter-institutional projects

This study aims to provide an explanation for the lack of implementation of innovation generated through publicly funded research. While previous scholars have categorized organizational cycles as either virtuous or vicious, cycles of inter-institutional projects can have simultaneous benefits for some organizations while causing drawbacks for others. Such a cycle was observed across inter-institutional projects in port logistics, where the primary objective was to implement innovation. During the investigation of ten projects, it became apparent that an excessive emphasis on certain practices at the expense of others, unintentionally resulted in delays in innovation implementation while collaborations continued to thrive. These practices led to a self-perpetuating cycle of inter-institutional projects that rarely resulted in implemented innovations. In contrast to the solutions proposed in existing literature to address organizational cycles, this study suggests that temporary hybridizing competing logics may be the root cause of cycles of inter-institutional projects.     

知识管理及其在监理企业中应用的研究

知识已成为继劳动力和资本之后的第三大经济增长要素,处于知识经济中的监理企业也在追求组织绩效的同时,体验到了知识管理为企业带来的巨大变革。知识管理改变了监理企业经营的时空观,彰显了智力密集型企业的巨大潜力。论文利用知识管理有关理论,结合监理公司实践,论述了知识积累、知识共享与知识创新过程,指出了监理企业在显性知识与隐性知识互动过程中的知识管理方法,体现了知识管理在监理企业持续组织绩效提高,以及监理企业核心竞争力动态培育过程中的根基作用,阐明了知识资源的资本化为监理企业持续创新之源的主题。