露天开采境界的设计原理和准则

露天开采境界设计的基本原则是使矿床开采的经济效果最佳,符合基本原则的最优露天开采境界具有特定的基本性质。依据这种基本性质可以建立露天开采境界设计的通用准则;增量剥采比不大于经济合理剥采比,或增量净值不小于零。通用准则可以作为确定和判定最优露天开采境界的直接依据。通用准则不仅适用于各种矿床埋藏条件,而且揭示了各种传统方法和计算机方法的共同原理。     

露天开采境界动态优化的探讨

现有各种露天开采境界优化设计方法的共同弱点在于:采用静态经济分析方法,未能考虑货币的时间价值,也未能反映其它设计决策因素对圈定优化开采境界的影响。本文提出了动态综合优化露天开采境界的原则和方法。     

倾斜矿床露天矿分期境界的优化

本文从系统工程的角度出发,运用运筹学和计算机,对倾斜矿床露天开采分期境界优化的方法和理论进行了探讨;在倾斜矿床露天矿长远规划模型的基础上,建立了分期开采境界优化模型。运用该模型对齐大山露天铁矿进行了分期开采模拟计算,其模拟结果为齐大山铁矿分期境界设计提供了科学的依据。     

露天矿相似形开采境界

本文讨论了露天矿开采境界的最优横断面位置,并给出了确定这种最优开采境界的一系列灵活、实用的图解法。文中论述了处于该断面位置上的开采境界——相似形开采境界,其境界剥采比和平均剥采比均为最小。     

樱桃园铁矿床露天开采最终境界的确定

为了今后的发展,鞍山钢铁公司决定选择樱桃园铁矿床作为供应选矿烧结厂的原料基地,要求的矿石生产能力为300÷400万吨/年。考虑到我国目前的经济条件,樱桃园铁矿床决定在初期用小型机械化生产方式进行矿床的开发。为了确定露天开采时的一些主要参数,以正确合理的利用该矿床,露天开采境界的确定就具有十分重要的意义。因而作者经过对该问题进行研究之后,在本文中提出了原则性的建议。     

确定露天矿主要参数的基本原则

苏联和中华人民共和国采矿事业现阶段发展的特点是要广泛运用有益矿物矿体露天开采方法。由于必须节约地对待人民劳动所创造的财富,社会主义国家对基建投资的分配,正确地确定露天矿生产能力及其境界提出了严格的要求。     

论确定露天矿最优开采境界的动态规划法

本文对现有的确定露天矿开采境界的动态规划法进行了详细分析和评述;提出了确定露天矿开采境界的平面间接三维动态规划法、复合块段动态规划法;明确提出并建立了有关动态规划的块段支托模式。上述一系列工作有助于确定露天矿开采境界的动态规划法在理论上的完善和在实际中的应用。作者根据网络学的观点,揭示了确定露天矿最优开采境界二维动态规划法的实质,并在此基础上论述了确定露天矿开采境界平面间接三维动态规划法的基本思想,最优性质和计算方法。应用动态规划的基本原理,加之采用复合块段和块段支托模式等方法,使得用平面间接三维动态规划法确定的露天矿开采境界在空间上基本满足开采优化设计要求,在经济效益上得到提高。用动态规划确定露天矿最优开采境界是64年由著名学者Lerchs和Grossman首次提出的。此后,经历了一个由二维到三维的发展过程。现有的方法可分为直接法和间接法两类,间接法又可细分为两种:一是1971年由Johnson和Sharp首次提出的“三维动态规划法”;另一是1983年由朱贵芳提出的“新三维动态规划法”。根据各自计算方法的特点,不妨把两者分别称为纵断面间接三维动态规划法和横断面间接三维动态规划法,或简称纵断面法和横断面法。针对现有方法存在的不足,本文主要在计算方法上提出一种平面间接三维动态规划法。另外,还将提出与平面法配合使用的复合块段动态规划法和三维支托模式的二维动态规划法。这一系列方法将有助于动态规划法的实际应用。     

按边帮剥采比圈定露天开采境界的方法

本文提出边帮剥采比的概念,并推导出应用边帮剥采比等于经济合理剥采比圈定境界的基本公式,阐述了用边帮剥采比圈定露天开采境界的方法,其中以图解法尤为迅速准确。     

露天开采规划决策系统及其应用

介绍了露天开采规划决策系统的基本功能，应用该系统建立了某露天矿的地质模型和采矿模型，进而在地质资源综合评价的基础上，对首采区的开采程序进行了多方案的模拟开采，应用动态经济评价方法对之进行技术经济分析和比选，最后对优选的开采方案进行了中长期的规划，这为该矿的合理开发奠定了基础．实践证明，该系统具有较强的实用性和通用性，可以作为露天矿优化决策的有效工具。     

油砂开采技术和方法综述

重点对加拿大等国油砂开发的工艺技术进行了分析,详细叙述了目前世界上油砂开采的各种有效技术和方法,对露天开采和地下就地开采的技术适应条件分别进行了分析评价,提出了不同的油砂所适合的不同开采方法,指出了今后的发展方向,这对我国今后油砂的开发具有一定的指导意义.     

露天矿端帮采煤与露天采排工程的时空关系

分析了安家岭露天煤矿端采煤与露天采排工程的时空关系,解释了露天采、剥、排工程如何在时间和空间上影响端帮采煤的开采强度、回采率等主要技术参数,得出的结论对开采近水平矿床的露天煤矿具有普遍意义。     

青阳白云石矿采场回采顺序优化

青阳白云石矿原设计为山坡露天开采,爆破警戒范围为200m,矿山生产已影响矿区南侧300m爆破警戒线范围内村庄安全生产、生活,同时也对东西横贯矿区的318国道产生直接影响。本文在原开采方案设计基础上,将采场回采顺序进行优化,分两期进行开采,以减少及消除对矿区南侧318国道和村庄的影响,从而达到更加充分、合理、安全利用采矿权范围内矿产资源之目的。     

Simulation and optimization approach for uncertainty-based short-term planning in open pit mines

Accuracy in predictions leads to better planning with a minimum of opportunity lost. In open pit mining,the complexity of operations, coupled with a highly uncertain and dynamic production environment,limit the accuracy of predictions and force a reactive planning approach to mitigate deviations from original plans. A simulation optimization framework/tool is presented in this paper to account for uncertainties in mining operations for robust short-term production planning and proactive decision making. This framework/tool uses a discrete event simulation model of mine operations, which interacts with a goalprogramming based mine operational optimization tool to develop an uncertainty based short-term schedule. Using scenario analysis, this framework allows the planner to make proactive decisions to achieve the mine's operational and long-term objectives. This paper details the development of simulation and optimization models and presents the implementation of the framework on an iron ore mine case study for verification through scenario analysis.     

基于大数据挖掘的终端感知与换机应用研究

通过对移动大数据的分析和挖掘,能够提升终端感知,并为用户换机推荐提供强有力的数据支持。基于早期终端营销存在的问题与不足,提出了基于大数据挖掘的终端感知与换机应用系统解决方案,具体包括基于聚类算法的隐性换机用户提取方法,基于神经网络的指标分析法,基于决策树的换机预测方法。     

Optimization principle of combined surface and underground mining and its applications

The pit limit optimization is discussed, which is one of the most important problems in the combined mining method, on the basis of the economic model of ore-blocks. A new principle of the limit optimization is put forward through analyzing the limitations of moving cone method under such conditions. With a view to recovering as much mineral resource as possible and making the maximum profit from the whole deposit, the new principle is to maximize the sum of gain from both open-pit and underground mining. The mathematical models along the horizontal and vertical directions and modules for software package (DM&MCAD) have been developed and tested in Tonglushan Copper Mine. It has been proved to be rather effective in the mining practice.     

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining,underground mining or both

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.     

Optimization of the catch bench design using a genetic algorithm

Rockfalls are one of the hazards that may be associated with open pit mining. The majority of rockfalls occur due to the existing conditions of slopes, such as back break, fractures and joints. Constructing a berm on the catch bench is a popular method for the mitigation of rockfall hazards in open pit mining.The width of the catch bench and the height of the berm play a major role in the open pit bench design.However, there is no systematic method currently available to optimize the size of these parameters. This study proposes a novel methodology which calculates the optimum catch bench width by integrating the rockfall simulation model and genetic algorithm into a Simulation-Optimization Model. The proposed methodology is useful when used to determine the minimum catch bench width, or the maximum overall slope angle, insuring that a sufficient factor of safety of the slope is included while maximizing the overall profitability of the open pit mine.     

GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines

In order to reduce the number of surface mining accidents related to low visibility conditions and blind spots of trucks and to provide 3D information for truck drivers and real time monitored truck information for the remote dispatcher, a 3D assisted driving system (3D-ADS) based on the GPS, mesh-wireless networks and the Google-Earth engine as the graphic interface and mine-mapping server, was developed at Virginia Tech. The research results indicate that this 3D-ADS system has the potential to increase reliability and reduce uncertainty in open pit mining operations by customizing the local 3D digital mining map, constructing 3D truck models, tracking vehicles in real time using a 3D interface and indicating available escape routes for driver safety.