基于用户间动态信任关系的推荐算法研究

在电子商务中,用户对商品的决策很大程度上取决于用户间的社会信任关系。传统的推荐算法往往考虑用户间的静态关系,即决策依赖的社会关系图是不变的。实际上,用户对好友的信任度往往随着时间的变化而变化。为了描述动态的信任关系在推荐系统中的作用,提出了一种基于动态信任关系的推荐算法。首先,提出了一种考虑用户的静态兴趣和静态信任关系的产生式模型;然后,分别将时序因素加入到用户兴趣和信任关系的描述,并提出了相应的动态产生式模型。实验表明,提出的算法能很好地描述用户之间信任关系随时间的变化,并且与其它相关算法相比,评价值的预测准确性得到了明显的提高。     

复杂网络环境下基于信任传递的推荐模型研究

针对推荐系统中普遍存在的数据稀疏和冷启动等问题,本文结合用户自身评分与用户的社会信任关系构建推荐模型,提出了一种基于信任关系传递的社会网络推荐算法（Trust transition recommendation model,TTRM）.该方法首先通过计算信任网络中节点的声望值与偏见值来发现信任网络中的不可信节点,并通过对其评分权重进行弱化来减轻其对信任网络产生的负面影响.其次,算法又利用朋友的信任矩阵对用户自身的特征向量进行修正,解决了用户特征向量的精准构建及信任传递问题.同时为了实现修正误差的最小化,算法利用推荐特性进行用户相似度计算并通过带有社会正则化约束的矩阵分解技术实现社会网络推荐.实验结果表明,TTRM算法较传统的社会网络推荐算法在性能上具有显著提高.     

用户非对称信任关系的推荐算法

数据稀疏性是目前协同过滤面临的主要挑战之一。用户间的信任关系为推荐系统提供了有用的附加信息。已有工作主要采用直接信任关系作为附加信息,对间接信任关系考虑得较少。针对这一情况,提出一种融合直接和间接的用户非对称信任关系的推荐算法(ATRec)。首先,构建一种信任传递机制,并利用该机制获得用户间的间接非对称信任关系。其次,根据直接和间接非对称信任关系获得每个用户的信任集合。最后,利用信任集合、最近邻的评分和好评阈值计算出商品的受欢迎程度,进而获得对用户的top-N推荐列表。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法比主流的推荐算法在top-N推荐性能上有更好的表现。     

融合信任传播和奇异值分解的社会化推荐算法

针对用户信任矩阵中的数据稀疏问题,设计用户信任关系的传播规则,根据该规则计算用户之间的信任度,填充用户信任矩阵。在此基础上,结合用户信任传播算法和奇异值分解模型,提出一种社会化推荐算法,将用户评分矩阵与信任关系矩阵相结合,提高推荐系统的预测准确率。在Epinions和Filmtrust公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法相比传统推荐算法具有更高的推荐质量。     

社会网络环境下基于信任传递的推荐模型研究

现有基于信任的推荐算法中没有充分挖掘用户间的信任关系,且缺乏合理的信任关系传递规则,极大地影响了推荐算法的可靠性和准确性。针对上述问题,通过用户评分数据与用户的社会关系建立信任传递模型,提出一种基于信任传递的推荐算法。该算法首先利用评分数据计算信任传递模型中用户的隐式直接信任关系,其次通过求解有序加权平均算子融合多条信任传递链的间接信任关系,最后将计算出的用户信任度与相似度融合为综合相似度进行预测推荐。实验结果证实了所提算法可有效提升系统的推荐质量。     

社交网络环境下基于信任的推荐算法

现有的基于信任的推荐算法通常假设用户是单一和同质的,没有充分挖掘信任关系信息,且相似关系和信任关系的融合缺乏高效的模型,极大地影响了推荐的准确性和可靠性。本文提出一种基于信任的推荐算法。首先结合全局信任和局部信任,并利用信任的传播性质对信任关系进行建模,然后设置推荐权重,综合考虑相似度和信任度来构建用户间的偏好关系,筛选出邻居。接着将基于记忆的协同过滤思想和社交网络的信任关系融入概率矩阵分解模型,同时使用自适应权重动态决定各部分的影响程度,形成高效统一的可信推荐模型Trust-PMF。本文的算法在FilmTrust、Epinions这两个数据集上与相关算法做了对比验证,结果证实了此算法的高效性。     

一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的推荐算法

协同过滤推荐系统中普遍存在评分数据稀疏问题.传统的协同过滤推荐系统中的余弦、Pearson 等方法都是基于共同评分项目来计算用户间的相似度;而在稀疏的评分数据中,用户间共同评分的项目所占比重较小,不能准确地找到偏好相似的用户,从而影响协同过滤推荐的准确度.为了改变基于共同评分项目的用户相似度计算,使用推土机距离（earth mover's distance,简称EMD）实现跨项目的移动用户相似度计算,提出了一种融合项目特征和移动用户信任关系的协同过滤推荐算法.实验结果表明：与余弦、Pearson 方法相比,融合项目特征的用户相似度计算方法能够缓解评分数据稀疏对协同过滤算法的影响.所提出的推荐算法能够提高移动推荐的准确度.     

基于用户信任和张量分解的社会网络推荐

社会化网络中的推荐系统可以在浩瀚的数据海洋中给用户推荐相关的信息。社会网络中用户之间的信任关系已经被用于推荐算法中,但是目前的基于信任的推荐算法都是单一的信任模型。提出了一种基于主题的张量分解的用户信任推荐算法,用来挖掘用户在不同的物品选取的时候对不同朋友的信任程度。由于社交网络更新速度快,鉴于目前的基于信任算法大都是静态算法,提出了一种增量更新的张量分解算法用于用户信任的推荐算法。实验结果表明：所提出的基于主题的用户信任推荐算法比现有算法具有更好的准确性,并且增量更新的推荐算法可以大幅度提高推荐算法在训练数据增加后的模型训练效率,适合更新速度快的社会化网络中的推荐任务。     

基于二值信任网络的推荐算法改进

协同过滤算法根据用户项目评分数据进行推荐,但评分数据通常很稀疏,使得用户无法获得满意的推荐,尤其是新用户。而信任网络以及社交网络能提供用户之间的关系数据,可用于推荐算法中。基于二值信任网络,提出GenTrust算法预测新的信任关系,扩展信任网络;并提出IndegreeTrust算法,区分被同一用户信任的所有用户。采用Epinions.com数据集,实验结果表明改进算法相比基于原始信任网络的算法准确率有所提升。     

基于降噪自编码器的社会化推荐算法

现有的社会化推荐算法未考虑信任用户对目标用户深层的偏好影响。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的混合推荐算法,利用降噪自编码器学习用户及其信任用户的评分偏好,使用加权隐藏层来平衡这些表示的重要性,有效建模用户间的潜在偏好交互。在此基础上,通过用户聚类和个性化权重区分不同类的用户受其信任用户的影响程度。在开放数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法优于现有的社会化推荐算法,与主要的推荐算法SoRec、RSTE、SocialMF、TrustMF相比,其平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)显著降低,获得了较好的推荐效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.