多项式拟合在MEMS陀螺仪零点随机漂移抑制中的应用研究

MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)传感器精度相对较低限制了其应用范围,从实际工程应用出发,针对MEMS陀螺仪零点随机漂移误差探讨了有效的补偿方法.推导了不同阶数拟合曲线的回归方程,根据实测MEMS陀螺零点数据对不同阶数拟合曲线的补偿效果进行对比,选取最优方案并通过跑车试验进行验证,证明该方法能够有效抑制陀螺仪零点漂移误差,提高微惯性导航系统的导航精度.     

四旋翼飞行器航姿参考系统的误差补偿方法研究

航姿参考系统是四旋翼飞行器姿态控制和惯性测量的关键,基于MEMS的惯性导航系统长期稳定性较差,陀螺仪传感器和加速度计存在明显的零漂现象,因此在使用前必须对陀螺仪传感器和加速度计的误差系数进行标定;论文首先以航姿参考系统的陀螺仪和加速度计实时数据的采集与处理,并通过对陀螺仪和加速度计的误差产生原理的分析,提出了陀螺仪和加速度计的新型误差补偿模型,并推导了基于高斯牛顿法的误差补偿与标定方法,由此简化了标定过程,得到了标定结果; 实验结果表明了在不提高成本和降低精度的情况下该基于高斯牛顿法的误差补偿与标定方法的有效性。     

微机电加速度计的六位置标定

加速度计是惯性导航系统测量载体加速度和影响惯性导航系统精度的主要元器件.为提高惯性导航系统的精度,在使用加速度计以前需要进行加速度计的标定测试[1].主要介绍了微机电(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,简称MEMS)加速度计的六位置标定法,以便从MEMS加速度计的误差模型中分离出MEMS加速度计的各项标定参数.这些参数包括MEMS加速度计的标度因数、零位漂移以及安装误差系数.并且在得到MEMS加速度计的各项标定参数后将其封装在C函数中进行了验证实验.实验结果表明MEMS加速度计的六位置标定法的原理简单并且在工程应用中容易实现,所得到的MEMS加速度计的输出不但反映了MEMS加速度计的实际输出,而且使MEMS加速度计的线性度得到改善.     

一种基于六姿态模型的加速度计校准方法研究

MEMS加速度计和陀螺仪是惯性导航系统的重要测量组件.为提高惯性导航系统的测量精度,在使用加速度计前需要对其各项参数进行标定.在构建了一种理想的三轴MEMS加速度传感器输出与重力加速度值、零偏、标度因子之间的模型基础上,根据加速度计在静止状态下重力加速度在各轴分量的模值与重力加速度的关系,提出了一种零偏和标度因子的六姿态校准方法,并建立了标定方程.以MPU6050加速度陀螺仪为例,通过实验验证了该方法的正确性.结果表明:通过该校准方法可以有效地提高加速度传感器的零偏和标度因子技术指标精度.     

阈值去噪与RBF神经网络在MEMS陀螺仪误差补偿中的应用

针对现有MEMS陀螺仪中随机误差较大,导致器件输出信噪比低进而影响其应用范围的现状,提出一种基于小波阈值去噪与梯度径向基( RBF)神经网络结合的MEMS陀螺漂移非平稳时间序列建模预测方法。首先采用Allan方差法分析了MEMS陀螺仪的主要随机误差,随后利用小波阈值去噪分离出MEMS陀螺误差模型中的白噪声及漂移误差,最后采用RBF神经网络对漂移数据进行建模。通过实验对文中所述的误差补偿方法进行验证,表明了方法的有效性,对于基于MEMS陀螺仪的惯导系统精度提高具有重要意义。     

基于改进小波阈值法的MEMS陀螺仪信号降噪研究

在具备可测量角度功能的扭矩扳手的设计过程中,选用基于微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺仪来完成角度测算功能。随机噪声是影响MEMS陀螺仪精度的重要因素之一,为提高MEMS陀螺仪的测量精度,论文提出了一种改进小波阈值去噪法。该算法兼顾传统小波阈值去噪法中硬、软阈值函数的优点,引入可调节参数增强阈值函数的自适应性,选取了合适的小波基函数,确定最优分解层数。通过Matlab进行仿真,对比改进前后信号的信噪比（SNR）和均方根误差（RMSE）数据。实验结果验证了该方法可以削弱传统小波阈值函数带来的信号失真程度和信号振荡程度,提高MEMS陀螺仪输出数据的精度。     

一种微惯性测量单元标定补偿方法

在介绍微惯性测量单元组成与结构的基础上,根据MEMS惯性器件的输出特性,建立了微惯性测量单元中加速度计和陀螺仪的数学标定模型,提出并推导了一种适用于微惯性测量单元的标定方法,该方法可以得到微惯性测量单元中惯性传感器的零位、标度因数、安装误差系数及g值敏感项等33个参数;然后,具体介绍了通过加速度计重力场静态翻滚试验和陀螺仪恒角速率试验对MIMU中参数标定的方法和步骤,并对实验室自研的MIMU进行了标定;最后利用得到的标定参数对测试结果进行了误差分析与补偿;实验结果表明,该方法使MIMU的测量精度提高了1～2个数量级,能够满足姿态解算及导航计算的精度要求。     

振动环境下MEMS陀螺动态误差补偿方法

为解决微机电(micro electromechanical system,MEMS)陀螺仪在随机振动力学环境中的动态误差问题,提出一种MEMS陀螺仪动态误差的补偿方法,建立动态误差模型。通过对MEMS陀螺仪动态误差影响因素的分析,在MEMS陀螺仪静态误差模型基础上加入与振动输入相关的误差项,减小由于随机振动引入的误差,提高MEMS陀螺仪在随机振动环境下的测量精度。结合实例,对所提模型进行仿真分析,验证了其可行性和有效性。     

基于时间序列分析的Kalman滤波方法在MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差补偿中的应用研究

从工程实用的角度出发,探讨了MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差的有效补偿方法.首先采用时间序列分析的方法建立了MEMS陀螺仪的随机漂移误差模型,然后阐述了用基于时间序列模型的Kalman滤波方法减小该漂移误差的具体方法.对某MEMS陀螺仪实测数据的误差补偿结果表明,所介绍的滤波方法能够有效地抑制其漂移误差,提高MEMS陀螺仪在实际系统中使用精度.     

基于Allan方差的MEMS陀螺随机误差建模

针对由于MEMS陀螺随机误差较大而影响MEMS惯性测量系统测量精度的问题,提出一种利用Allan方差分析随机误差并建模的方法。在分析Allan方差原理的基础上,通过Allan方差分析法分离和辨识了MEMS陀螺仪的各项随机误差以及误差系数,并利用随机误差系数进行了数学建模。通过与ARMA模型比较,表明利用Allan方差建立的模型更加精确。该方法为MEMS惯性导航系统中姿态测量的误差补偿和滤波提供了新的思路,对提高MEMS惯性测量系统的测量精度具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.