用不平衡推力法快速计算边坡的稳定因数

不平衡推力法是我国广泛应用的一种边坡稳定性分析方法,有隐式稳定系数法和显式稳定因系数法两种。隐式法通常采用试算法或迭代法,计算效率不高。而非线性规划的广义简约梯度法是解决约束最优化问题的最有效算法之一,采用广义简约梯度方法来计算不平衡推力隐式稳定因数,计算过程可在Excel中实现,计算方便、高效,非常适合工程人员使用,值得在工程应用中推广。     

高度非线性弹塑性模型的半隐式算法实现

对高度非线性弹塑性本构模型当采用全显式算法进行数值实现的过程中存在误差积累和精度较低的缺点。当采用Newton-CPPM隐式算法进行数值实现的过程中容易出现Jacobian矩阵奇异和不收敛问题。为提高精度、改善收敛性并提高计算效率,提出一种半隐式算法,并采用半隐式算法对Newton-CPPM算法的迭代初值进行改进,形成了改进的隐式算法。最后,以考虑结构性的SANICLAY模型为例,对全显式算法、半隐式算法、隐式算法和改进隐式算法在计算收敛性、计算效率和计算精度方面进行对比。结果表明,半隐式算法可以有效解决显式算法精度低和误差积累的缺点,其计算精度与改进后的隐式算法的计算精度相近。改进后的隐式算法可以有效解决Jacobian矩阵奇异和不收敛问题。     

关于边坡稳定性分析中几个问题的讨论

通过对极限平衡分析方法发展过程的回顾,总结了条分法的基本思路和普遍共识。在此基础上,通过推导建立“不平衡推力法”的显式解和隐式解,以实例的对比计算分析,讨论了该方法与极限平衡方法因假定条件不同所导致的计算结果差异,分析讨论了不平衡推力法及其安全系数的适用合理性。最后简要分析了边坡外侧水位骤降对边坡稳定性的重要影响。     

采用Kalman滤波器的实时混合试验方法

等效力控制方法采用力反馈控制代替隐式积分方法中的迭代过程,从而使等效力控制方法在避免隐式积分方法的迭代过程的同时仍具有隐式积分方法的无条件稳定性。利用该力反馈控制,等效力控制方法还具有对实时子结构试验中的时滞进行补偿的作用。但是,在实际的实时子结构试验中,能够影响等效力控制方法时滞补偿效果的因素有很多,噪声就是其中之一。本文研究了噪声对等效力控制方法稳定性的影响。提高等效力PID控制器的比例增益可对系统时滞起到补偿作用,但是当比例增益较大时,等效力反馈中的噪声会降低等效力控制方法的稳定性。为了对等效力反馈中的噪声进行滤波,本文采用了基于作动器模型设计的Kalman滤波器,并通过实时子结构实验方法对其滤波效果进行研究。研究结果表明此滤波器能够有效地过滤噪声,消除噪声对等效力控制方法稳定性的影响。     

基于耦合时域的数值流形法岩石边坡动态稳定性分析

提出一种基于时间域耦合时间积分算法的数值流形法,以提高原有算法的计算效率.此算法包括耦合显式-隐式时间积分方案,相位转换准则及接触准则.为验证所提算法,对一个地震激励作用下沿倾斜边坡滑移的块体运动和简谐激励下单个块体的摇摆响应进行数值模拟.同时,将开发的算法应用到一个露天矿边坡的动态稳定性分析当中,数值分析结果和现场观...     

广义塑性力学多重屈服面模型隐式积分算法及其ABAQUS二次开发

 进行采用非关联流动法则的多重屈服面本构模型隐式积分算法的实现。基于广义塑性力学建模理论,模型采用由试验拟合确定的屈服面,通过大型有限元软件ABAQUS提供的用户子材料接口,采用FORTRAN语言,实现广义塑性力学的双屈服面模型的完全隐式应力积分算法。利用所开发的UMAT程序,进行黏土常规三轴数值模拟计算,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果的比较,验证模型和程序的有效性和准确性。     

土质边坡稳定性分析方法对比

结合工程实例,利用Geo Slope岩土软件对一土质边坡稳定性系数分别采用极限平衡法中的瑞典法(Fellenius/Petterson)与毕肖普法(Bishop)、不平衡推力法(隐式)和不平衡推力法(显式)进行了分析,并用数值计算软件FLAC对边坡稳定系数进行计算,分析了各种方法的差异和产生原因,并提出建议。     

饱和土动力问题求解的隐-隐格式交替解法

研究饱和土受地震这样的非高频动力荷载作用时,采用固相位移和孔压为基本未知量的u-p形式的方程相对比较简单.对这一方程的求解采用无条件稳定的隐-隐式交替解法有很多的优点.在Zienkiewicz提出的无条件稳定的隐-隐格式高效算法的基础上,结合Bazzi等提出的ρ-方法,建立了一种新的无条件稳定的隐-隐格式交替解法.文章详细地证明了这种方法的无条件稳定性,并将其应用于求解饱和一维土柱模型.数值算例表明,此方法能更有效地减少位移和孔压时程曲线的振荡.     

基于高斯过程回归的响应面法及边坡可靠度分析

提出了一种新型高斯过程响应面法(GPRSM),通过高斯过程回归算法构建随机变量与功能函数响应值之间的关系。该方法相较多项式响应面法对于功能函数为高维和高度非线性的可靠度问题,具有更高的精度和计算效率。此方法可以通过新增加训练点以动态更新响应面函数。与此同时,为了模拟岩土参数的空间变异性,通过KL展开构建随机场,并与极限平衡法结合进行边坡稳定性分析。使用提出的GPRSM构建替代模型并用于蒙特卡洛模拟求解边坡失稳概率,在保障计算精度的同时减少了对边坡稳定性分析程序的调用。最后将所提出的方法分别应用于功能函数为显式和隐式两个案例,并与其他论文中的方法对比,证明了该方法的有效性和适用性。     

土体软化条件下条形基础地基承载力数值模拟

为克服材料软化导致的有限元网格敏感性难题,提出了一个压力相关隐式梯度塑性模型来模拟土体软化条件下条形基础地基承载力。通过引入微应变作为附加运动学变量,推导了包含高阶广义应力的微力平衡和经典动量方程,并基于热力学第二定律,将附加的微力平衡转化为宏观等效塑性应变与微应变耦合的Helmholtz方程。进一步建立能耦合位移和微变量的有限元算法,并通过软化材料双轴压缩试验模拟,验证了该算法在应变局部化数值模拟中的适用性。将建立的方法用于条形基础地基承载力特性模拟,并通过与理想弹塑性模型计算结果对比表明,土体软化将导致地基承载能力降低,破坏模式表现为失稳区域变小且塑性应变幅值增大。     

油藏多相流体渗流流-固耦合数学模拟研究

实践表明，油藏开发将引起应力场的变化、导致岩石发生变形、改变储层的渗储特性，进而影响产量。为反应这一问题，建立了油藏流-固耦合渗流模型，并考虑了以下因素：多相流体，油藏岩石变形，地应力、孔隙度和渗透率变化，流体渗流与岩石应变耦合等。导出的控制方程是基于流体孔隙压力、饱和度以及岩石质点位移的非线性方程。由于互含参变量，不能直接求解，采用有限差分方法将流体渗流和岩石应变方程离散成主对角占优的7对角矩阵，采用隐式迭代方法求解。示例分析说明，本模型可用于研究应力、应变、孔隙度和渗透率的动态变化规律以及可能对生产造成的影响。与其他模型对比结果显示，本模型更接近于实际情况。     

基于非局部Mohr-Coulomb模型的土体渐进破坏分析

软化塑性模型的常规有限元数值分析结果严重依赖网格尺寸,而非局部塑性模型是解决这一问题的有效方法。但现有非局部模型仅能用于von Mises准则,无法用来进行一般软化土体渐进破坏分析。提出了一种改进的针对非局部模型的全隐式应力回代迭代计算方法,该方法具有在迭代计算过程中逐步确定弹塑性点的特点,克服了现有算法误差较大及不稳定的缺点。将非局部理论推广到Mohr-Coulomb塑性模型中,使其能用来分析土体稳定性问题。采用局部和非局部模型对两个土体稳定问题,包括条形基础承载力问题和三角形荷载下边坡稳定问题进行渐进破坏分析,数值计算结果表明该方法可以消除软化塑性有限元计算的网格敏感性,起到了正则化的效果。     

膜结构风振响应的二维数值模拟研究

结合膜结构的风振响应特点,采用流固耦合问题数值计算方法,实现了二维情况下膜结构风场的数值模拟。阐述了膜结构流固耦合计算中的结构域与流体域的网格关系和流固耦合边界的控制条件。选择大涡模拟作为湍流模型,并采用隐式时间积分TR-BDF法对流体域的Navier-Stokes方程进行时间域的离散。对耦合系统的有限元方程组采用Newton-Raphson法进行求解。计算结果表明,湍流模型选择大涡模拟可以较好模拟二维情况下膜结构在流场中的脉动反应。对于一般性的算例,瞬态流场中膜的应力增加较为明显。合理选择膜结构体型可以减小膜结构风振响应的脉动幅度。     

采用隐式积分方法和子结构技术的拟动力实验

在拟动力实验中采用无条件稳定的数值积分方法α方法,同时采用子结构技术:(1)解决了刚度大、自由度多的结构进行拟动力实验时数值积分方法的稳定性问题;(2)解决了实验设施规模对大型结构进行实验的限制.文中以三层结构模型为例进行了实验,采用了无条件稳定的隐式α方法和条件稳定的显式预测校正Newmark法(PCM-Newmark).实验结果表明,隐式α-方法的拟动力实验在精度上明显优于显式方法.另外,在实验控制软件中采用数值迭代逼近方法,对现有的实验设备不需要附加任何特殊的要求.     

A comparative study of using two numerical strategies to simulate the biochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation

In this study, we carried out a comparative study of two different numerical strategies for the modeling of the biogeochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. A simplified MICP model was used, which is based on the mass transport theory. Two numerical strategies, namely the operator splitting (OS) and the global implicit (GI) strategies, were adopted to solve the coupled reactive mass transport problems. These two strategies were compared in the aspects of numerical accuracy, convergence property and computational efficiency by solving the presented MICP model. To look more into the details of the model, sensitivity analysis of some important modeling parameters was also carried out in this paper.     

Parallel Mixed-Time Integration Methods for Unsteady Heat Conduction

A family of mixed-time integration methods applicable to first-order systems of equations which are amenable to parallel computations are presented. The method is based on nodal partitioning and can allow different values of α in the α-algorithm to be used in different subdomains of the mesh. Parallelism is introduced by allowing each subdomain to be updated independently over a time step. A stability analysis is given for the case of implicit—explicit and implicit—implicit integration. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate numerically the accuracy and stability of the method.     

Kriging Numerical Models for Geotechnical Reliability Analysis

When the performance function is an implicit numerical model, geotechnical reliability analysis can be challenging due to the coupling between the deterministic numerical evaluation and reliability analysis. Previously, the kriging method was used in geotechnical engineering for modeling the spatial variability of soil properties. In this paper, we illustrate a first-order reliability analysis method based on a kriging approximation of the deterministic numerical model. The key idea in this method is to first calibrate a kriging model to approximate the deterministic numerical model, and then to evaluate the failure probability based on the kriging model. As any stand-alone software for deterministic geotechnical numerical analysis can be potentially used to generate samples for calibrating a kriging model, it can then be ultimately used for a reliability analysis. As such, this method provides a practical way for practitioners to perform reliability analysis based on existing deterministic geotechnical software. The effectiveness of the suggested method is illustrated through a pile foundation example, a shallow foundation example, and a slope example in which the performance functions do not have explicit forms. The kriging method is used here as a tool for interpolating and approximating deterministic numerical models. The present paper does not address any type of spatial variation of soil properties.     

边坡可靠度分析的高斯过程方法

针对传统边坡可靠度分析方法的局限性,将高斯过程机器学习与重要抽样方法相结合,提出了边坡可靠度分析的高斯过程方法。利用极限平衡分析构造少量的学习样本,采用基于统计学习原理的高斯过程模型重构边坡隐式功能函数,实现边坡功能函数及其偏导数的显式表达,并构造合理的迭代方式,在计算过程中不断提升高斯过程模型对失效概率贡献较大区域的重构精度,进而应用重要抽样法计算边坡的失效概率与可靠指标。研究结果表明,该方法是可行的,具有较高的计算精度和效率。     

A multi-step computation scheme: Decoupling kinetic processes from physical transport in water quality models

This paper presents a computation scheme that considers accuracy and efficiency in the numerical treatment of the kinetic processes in water quality models. The proposed scheme involves decoupling of physical transport and kinetic processes in the governing mass-balance equations. The decoupled equations are solved by employing multi-step computation, in which the kinetic processes are applied for the first half time step, followed by the physical transport for a full time step, and the kinetic processes are applied again for the remaining second half time step. The kinetic equations are solved numerically or analytically, which may require prior linearization of the equations. The numerical solution scheme of the kinetic equations alternates between explicit and implicit schemes, and is equivalent to the second-order accurate Crank-Nicolson solution. A hypothetical model, which is simple enough to have an analytical solution, is used to explain the concept, and to demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme and three other traditional solution schemes are compared to the analytical solution. The proposed scheme shows better accuracy and computational efficiency compared to other schemes.     

Reliability analysis of long span steel arch bridges against wind-induced stability failure

An efficient method for reliability assessment of long span steel arch bridges against wind-induced stability failure is presented in this paper. The prediction of wind-induced stability of such bridge structures is performed by an eigenvalue method and the reliability estimates are determined by a generalized first-order reliability algorithm. A software strategy for interfacing the present method with ANSYS is developed via a freely available MATLAB software tool (FERUM). A numerical example involving a detailed computational model of a long span steel arch bridge with a main span of 550 m is presented to demonstrate the applicability and merits of the present method and the software strategy. Finally, the most influential random variables on the reliability of long span steel bridges against wind-induced stability failure are identified by a sensitivity analysis.