浮选光度法研究进展

浮选光度分析法是一种灵敏度高、选择性好的分析方法,具有处理样品量大（0．5—2．0L）、分离系数大（〉10^4）、回收率高（〉90％）、易于实现自动化等优点。常用的方法有：泡沫浮选（离子浮选、沉淀浮选）和溶剂浮选（萃取溶剂浮选、气体溶剂浮选）两种。文章综述了浮选光度法及其在大多数离子的浮选中的应用。     

溴化钾-罗丹明B溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定微量金

罗丹明B光度法已用于测定微量金,尚未见用于溶剂浮选吸光光度法的报导。我们发现在聚乙烯醇的存在下,用苯浮选Au(Ⅲ)-KBr-罗丹明B三元络合物,以光度法测定矿石样品中的微量金,灵敏度高λ_(max)=560,ε_(560)=1.2×10~5(1·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1))。1 试剂和仪器 金标准贮备液:含Au(Ⅲ)1.00mg/ml;工作时稀释为含Au(Ⅲ)1μg/ml;1.0％罗丹明B溶液;2.5％KBr溶液;0.5％聚乙烯醇溶液。使用仪器:72型分光光度计;溶剂     

从流体力学观点研究两种浮选机的效能

本文以实验室型浮选机研究为基础,从微观和宏观流体动力学两个方面讨论了两种典型浮选机(Wemco和Denver)的性能,并进行了煤的浮选试验。试验证明,W槽耗能低,充气量大,对于我国易选煤(灰分<15～16％)的浮选最为适宜;D槽能适应我国粒度较粗的难选煤(灰分介于20～30％);安装超声强化装置的W槽在浮选我国难选煤时获得了最优成绩,浮选数量效率竟达98％。流体动力学研究从理论上阐明了上述三种不同的机理,并得出了浮选槽内湍流微观脉动压力衰变方程I=ax~(-b)和宏观压力数N_p=(g(H+h))/(n~2D~2)为浮选机设计按比例转换(放大和缩小)提供了流态相似的依据。     

溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定微量铂

本文拟定了以 Pt—SnCl_2—CPB 体系溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定微量铂的方案。表观摩尔吸光系数为4.5×10~(-5)Lmol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铂的回收率几乎达100%,可用于各种含铂废料中微量铂的测定。     

铝土矿浮选产品捕收剂的分析

采用溶剂解吸提取预处理和紫外分光光度法研究了铝土矿浮选产品中微量脂肪酸捕收剂的分析方法。通过对比三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和正己烷5种溶剂的解吸提取性能，提出在液固比为2．5mL/g的条件下，以三氯甲烷解吸提取、富集样品中的捕收剂，以紫外分光光度法进行铝土矿浮选产品中微量捕收剂的定量分析，并对其可靠性进行了检验。研究结果表明：在5种解吸溶剂中，三氯甲烷的吸取提取性能最佳，能在液固比为0．5～5．0mL/g的范围内解吸并富集铝土矿浮选产品表面的捕收剂。用该方法分析捕收剂含量为100～1000g/t的铝土矿浮选产品，测定结果的变异系数和回收率分别为1．4％～1．6％和97％～103％，具有重现性好、结果准确、操作简便快捷的特点。     

提高精煤质量的工艺优化与应用

葛泉矿洗煤厂总精煤灰分经常出现偏高的情况,总精煤是由重介精煤(块精煤、末精煤)、粗精煤和浮选精煤组成.经过对总精煤及其各组分灰分的化验分析,发现浮选精煤和粗精煤灰分偏高,导致精煤质量不稳定.针对浮选精煤灰分偏高,我们将原有的一次浮选工艺改为二次浮选工艺,降低了浮精灰分,提高了回收率;针对粗精煤灰分高的情况,我们优化改进...     

水相中氧气氧化芳香醇制备羰基化合物的研究

选择性氧化醇类的传统方法主要采用化学计量的Cr(Ⅵ)或Mn(Ⅶ)的无机盐作为氧化剂,大量重金属及生成的无用副产物严重污染了环境,因此迫切需要开发一种绿色高效的化学合成方法.以空气作为氧化剂,水为溶剂,Cu (NO3)2/HBr/TEMPO为催化体系,回流反应,高转化率高选择性地将芳香醇氧化成相应的醛酮.反应中所用催化剂、氧化剂和溶剂低毒环保,廉价易得,发现了一种制备芳香醛酮的绿色合成方法.     

溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定痕量NO_2~-离子

本文拟定了用溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定水相中痕量 NO_2~-离子的方案.以正戊醇为有机溶剂,CPB(溴化十六烷基吡啶)为捕收剂,浮选 NO_2~-与对氨基苯磺酸及α-萘胺所形成的偶氨染料,在534mm 波长处以试剂空白为参比测定吸光度,其表现摩尔吸光系数为6.6×10~6Lmol~(-1)cm~(-1),检测下限为0.3ppb.用于实际样品中痕量 NO_2~-离子的测定,五次测定的相对标准偏差为1.6％.1000倍于 NO_2~-离子的 Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅲ),Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Ca(Ⅱ)、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Cl~-、Br~-、PO_4~(3-)等共存物不干扰测定.     

溶剂浮选分光光度法测油品中痕量砷

采用溶剂浮选分光光度原理,用砷钼杂多蓝-结晶紫体系进行萃取浮选,以甲苯-丙酮混合液为有机溶剂,在576nm处比色测定,可测得ng/mL级砷。可用于有机、无机样品中痕量砷的测定。     

煤泥浮选效果评价方法的研究

煤泥浮选效果评价是浮选管理的一个重要问题。笔者根据实验和实际资料,对计算原煤效率η_κ、浮选精煤数量指标η_(if)、以及可燃体回收率η_ε三种评定方法进行了对比分析,认为用可燃体回收率η_ε作为评定浮选效果的主要指标较为合理、简便,并提出了相应的评定指标体系。     

Characterization and processing of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit

The characteristics of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit(Uzbekistan)were investigated via X-ray diffraction,differential thermal analysis,infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy.The mineralogical composition of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite consists of 52 wt.% talc,43 wt.% carbonates and 5 wt.% of the iron-containing minerals magnetite,siderite and chlorite.Petrographic analysis confirmed the presence of carbonates in two forms: magnesite and breunnerite.Grindability tests revealed that talc and magnesite particles are completely separated after a grinding process carried out for 10～12 min.The distribution of the yield of talc and magnesite,as a function of the particle size,shows an irregular feature in that a comparatively coarser sample(>0.1 mm)is richer in magnesite and poor in talc while a comparatively finer sample(<0.1 mm)has a composition poorer in magnesite.The dressability of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite was tested using conventional gravity concentration,flotation and electromagnetic separation.Gravity concentration was found to be the most economic initial process for the complete separation of magnesium carbonate and talc.Subsequent flotation and magnetic separation techniques could further increase the yield of high quality magnesite and talc.Refractory samples prepared by heating the separated magnesite at 1600 ℃ for 2 h met the State Standards for refractory materials.     

EPCON紧凑型气浮装置及其在采油废水处理中的应用

EPCON紧凑型气浮装置是为了满足挪威排放法案而研制的采油废水处理新技术,综合应用旋转离心分离和气浮分离的工作原理对采油废水进行处理,大幅度降低了采油废水的含油量.此装置还具有性能稳定、操作简单、成本低、效益高、占地面积小等一系列特点,尤其适用于海洋石油生产.     

Separation of Oil from Wastewater by Column Flotation

A new type of device, a dissolved-air flotation column, was developed for separation of oily wastewater.The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and column flotation.The dissolved air release occurred within the column separation system.As a potential application the column was investigated for its performance in separating emulsified oil droplets in oily wastewater.A high separation efficiency was obtained in a series of tests.The aeration performance of the bubble generator used in the dissolved-air flotation column was also studied in particular.     

Coal flotation using wash oil as a new type of collector

The use of wash oil as a coal collector is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of regular collectors in coal slime flotation. These disadvantages include high price, limited sources and high consumption. The effect of additives on flotation was studied and an innovative "one rough separation-one cleaning separation" flotation technology was developed. The experimental results show that the clean coal ash content decreases by about 1.36% and the clean coal yield declines by around 10% with the application of the depressant. There is an increase of 3.76% in the yield of clean coal and a decrease of 0.40% in the ash content caused by utilizing a dispersant. An ultimate product having an ash content of 10.78% and yield of 70.12% can be attained using a combination of dispersant and depressant. The use of this new technology decreases the ash content by 1.21%, decreases the yield by 2.80% and an increases the coal flotation perfect index by 2.03%. Compared to common flotation, the utilization of the new technology reduces ash by 0.17%, increases yield by 5.3% and increases perfect index by 4.18%.     

新结构浮选柱的试验研究

作者分析了浮选柱分选特征及所存在的严重问题,详细地阐述了新结构浮选柱的结构特征,并示出了部分试验结果。试验表明,新结构浮选柱优于传统浮选柱,放大效应小;半工业性新结构浮选柱与实验室新结构浮选柱的选别效果相当;新结构浮选柱中增设预矿化器和微泡发生器可使浮选效果大为改善。     

离子浮选分光光度法测定水中痕量镉——计算机MSM法的应用

提出采用IBM-PC计算机调优的MSM法进行离子浮选分光光度法富集测定水中痕量镉离子,建立富集和测定镉离子浓度的最优化条件为1％SDS溶液5.60mL,0.02％5-Br-PADAP 11.30mL,无水乙醇1.00mL,氨性缓冲液(pH=11.0)22.5mL,N_2的流速0.035L/min。确定镉离子浓度的线性范围为0.00～0.05mg/L,回收率在95％～106％之间,相对标准偏差小于5％,镉离子的检出限为0.35μg/L。结果表明,方法可靠,重现性好,精密度、精确度和回收率均取得满意结果。     

金属有机骨架材料的合成、改性技术及其吸附分离CO_2的应用

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料具有比表面积和孔隙率高、结构易功能化和微孔尺寸可调等特点,在CO_2吸附分离领域得到了广泛应用。详细介绍了溶剂法、微波合成法等几种典型的MOFs合成方法,综述了单组分、多组分、高CO_2压力、低CO_2压力下MOFs材料对CO_2的吸附分离情况。介绍了负载碳纳米材料、疏水性基团改性、氨基官能团改性等MOFs改性材料在气体吸附领域应用的最新进展。最后,指出了选择合适高效的制备方法合成MOFs,选择物理性质与化学性质较优的官能基团对MOFs材料改性,以提高其水热稳定性是其在CO_2吸附分离领域应用的发展趋势。     

磷矿浮选药剂研究进展

我国磷矿资源丰富,但大多为中低品位沉积型磷块岩,选别难度大. 浮选是磷矿选矿中最主要的分选方法,浮选药剂对浮选指标有着至关重要的影响. 浮选药剂按照所起作用不同分为调整剂、捕收剂、起泡剂三类. 结合近年文献资料分析,发现传统捕收剂存在溶解性差、选择性不强等缺点,提出利用不同药剂分子间协同作用及提高药剂的活性,采用复配及合成方法研发高效低毒、水溶性好、选择性强的抑制剂和捕收剂是实现我国难选性磷矿中与脉石矿物分离的有效途径.     

Effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium on separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite

In order to selectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite, the effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium (LSC) on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was investigated by flotation tests. The depression mechanism was studied by Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis. The flotation tests of single mineral show that LSC can depress the flotation of pyrite in a certain pH range, but it has little effect on chalcopyrite flotation. Flotation separation of a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite can be completed to obtain a copper concentrate grade up to 24.73% with a recovery of 80.36%. IR analysis shows that LSC and butyl xanthate compete in absorption on pyrite surface, and there exists an LSC characteristic peak on pyrite surface. There is little adsorption of LSC on chalcopyrite.     

碳酸锰矿选矿工艺研究进展

介绍了国内外锰矿资源现状及分布特点;阐述了碳酸锰矿选矿工艺研究的进展及应用情况,具体包括对重选工艺、磁选工艺、浮选工艺、洗矿工艺、浸出工艺及联合工艺介绍,分析了不同选矿工艺的适用条件及技术优势;提出了碳酸锰矿资源的高效开发利用途径及碳酸锰矿选矿研究方向.