沉积时间对磁控反应溅射制备TiO2薄膜性能的影响

应用直流磁控反应溅射法,在玻璃基体上制备了具有光催化活性的TiO2薄膜.TiO2薄膜的厚度随沉积时间的增加而均匀增长.基体温度则在溅射的最初1h很快上升到110℃,溅射7h基体温度不超过130℃.溅射2h得到的是非晶态TiO2薄膜,而溅射3～7h制备的薄膜为锐钛矿型结构.非晶态和小晶粒TiO2薄膜的紫外一可见透射光谱谱带边沿与结晶较好的TiO2薄膜相比有明显的蓝移,薄膜的透射率随沉积时间的增加而下降.钛以四价钛的形式存在于TiO2薄膜中.TiO2薄膜的光催化活性随沉积时间争薄膜厚度的增加而有较大提高.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of cdS nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanobelts for solar cell

We fabricated a solar cell using a hybrid film consisting of CdS nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanobelts, which were synthesized via a modified alkaline hydrothermal method. The hybrid film is flexible and contains homogeneous CdS nanoparticle light absorbers. Furthermore, the type II heterostructure of CdS/TiO2 facilitates charge separation in the CdS nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanobelts. The solar cell demonstrated a light-electricity power conversion efficiency of 2.52%. Next, we deposited the CdS nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanobelts onto a ZnO nanowire array forming an antireflective hybrid structure. The power conversion efficiency of the cell with the hybrid photoanode reached 2.84%.     

La、Fe共掺杂TiO2/膨润土的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了La、Fe共掺杂TiO2/膨润土复合光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)等测试技术对其进行了表征分析。在紫外光照射下,通过对TNT废水的光催化降解,考察其光催化活性。结果表明,La、Fe的共掺杂抑制了TiO2的晶型转变和晶粒生长,增强了复合材料的吸光性能;适量的La、Fe共掺杂能提高复合材料的光催化性能,当La与Fe的掺杂量分别为0.5%和0.05%(摩尔分数),煅烧温度为400℃时,其光催化活性达到最佳效果。     

La掺杂TiO_2/石英砂的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声强化溶胶-凝胶法,以硝酸镧和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,选取石英砂作为载体,制备了La掺杂TiO2/石英砂复合光催化材料,通过XRD、DSC-TG和SEM等测试手段对复合材料的结构和理化性质进行了表征分析,并选取TNT废液作为目标污染物,考察复合了光催化材料的光催化性能。结果表明,在紫外光照射下,适量的镧掺杂能够提高TiO2/石英砂的光催化活性,当镧掺杂量为1.5%(摩尔分数),焙烧温度为400℃时,复合材料的光催化性能最佳。     

Direct fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions

TiO2 nanoparticles-deposited on hydroxyapatite (HAp) have been successfully synthesized by direct (single step) hydrothermal treatments of a CaCO3 suspension in a H3PO4 solution with 10 vol% TAS-FINE (titanium amine complex) at 150 degrees C for 6 h or 120 degrees C for 12-24 h under nearly neutral pH conditions. The obtained products were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, visible, Raman, and TEM. The XRD and Raman results showed the formation of HAp and TiO2 anatase phases under these hydrothermal conditions. SEM and TEM observations revealed that anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with the size of about 10 nm were deposited on the surfaces of the HAp crystals.     

Analysis of optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and PAN/TiO2 composite nanofibers

The aim of the study was the production of thin composite nanofibrous mats PAN/TiO₂ nanoparticles using the electrospinning method from solution of PAN/TiO2/DMF. TiO₂ nanoparticles were obtained using sol-gel method. To prepare sol mixture, organic alkoxides precursor of titanium isopropoxide and water solution were used. Calcination of TiO-gel and following milling were carried out to obtain nanoparticles of TiO₂ rutile phase. In order to analyze the structure of the obtained particles, we used X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Analysis of the morphology and chemical composition of the resulting composite nanofibers were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS. The analysis of the optical properties and the energy band structure prepared nanoparticles and thin composite nanofibrous mats were determined by spectral analysis of the absorbance as a function of the energy of radiation obtained using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer.     

炭与TiO2光催化剂的复合及协同作用研究进展

通过论述炭与TiO2光催化剂的复合方式，系统总结了复合光催化剂的各种制备方法，指出炭与TiO2的复合呈现多样化的特征，炭不仅作为载体，还可以用作涂层、造孔剂以及助剂。同时，炭在复合体中也展现出多方面的作用，不仅可以富集目标污染物，捕获中间产物，还可以抑制水蒸气和其他组分对光催化降解的影响，并且可以抑制热处理时TiO2相变和晶粒长大。可见，炭与TiO2光催化剂的复合将为推动光催化技术的实用化产生积极影响。     

氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂研究进展

对TiO2光催化剂进行改性,实现可见光催化活性是第二代光催化剂走向实用化的关键.氮掺杂TiO2是一种理想的具有可见光活性的光催化剂,由于N 2p态与O 2p态杂化,实现带隙窄化和吸收带边红移,对于实现可见光催化活性具有重要意义.评述了氮掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂的国内外研究现状,分析了不同掺杂方法对于实现TiO2可见光催化活性的掺杂机理和改性机理,提出研究合适的催化剂载体对TiO2进行氮等非金属负载是今后努力的方向,并且应该建立统一的催化剂性能评价标准.     

TiO2光催化剂的掺N过程研究

以饱和尿素溶液水解沉淀钛酸四丁酯制备水合TiO2，再于温度400-700℃的空气气氛下煅烧2h，制得淡黄色的掺氮TiO2光催化剂。对样品的物相、粒径、比表面积及吸光性能进行了测试和表征，表明样品的粒径10-30nm，比表面积30-70m^2／g，有明显的可见光吸收效应；通过TG-DTA、FT-IR及XPS等测试结果，分析了氮的掺杂过程，表明掺杂氮源主要以形成配合物分子形式均匀存在于煅烧前驱体中，并在TiO2从无定形转为锐态矿型的过程中以Ti-N化学键的形式进入TiO2晶格。     

镧、铁共掺杂TiO2/石英砂复合光催化材料的制备及性能研究?

采用超声强化溶胶-凝胶法,以无水乙醇和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,选取石英砂作为载体,制备了 La、Fe共掺杂TiO2/石英砂复合光催化材料.通过XRD、UV-Vis和SEM等测试手段对复合材料的微观结构和理化性质进行了表征分析,并选取 TNT 废液作为目标污染物,考察复合了光催化材料的光催化性能.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,适量的La、Fe共掺杂能够提高 TiO2/石英砂的光催化活性.当 La 掺杂量为1．0％(摩尔分数),Fe 掺杂量为0．25％(摩尔分数),焙烧温度为450℃时,复合材料的光催化性能最佳.     

蘑菇状多孔分级结构ZnTiO3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备

以碱式醋酸锌和钛酸四正丁酯分别为锌源和钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶过程合成了具有蘑菇形状分级结构的ZnTiO3/TiO2复合光催化剂,并应用XRD、FT-IR、FESEM和光电流等分析技术,考察了锌-钛比例、煅烧温度对所合成光催化剂的形貌、微结构及光电特性的影响.当样品锌-钛物质的量比为1∶3,煅烧温度为500℃时,催化剂粒子...     

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO nanoflowers and TiO2 nanoparticles composite photoanodes

ZnO nanoflowers were synthesized by low temperature solution-phase method. ZnO nanoflowers/TiO₂ nanoparticles composite photoanodes with various mass ratios were prepared on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates by doctor-blade technique. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were assembled. The morphology characteristics of ZnO nanoflowers and ZnO/TiO₂ composite photoanodes have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the ZnO nanoflowers/TiO₂ nanoparticles mass ratio on the performance of DSSCs was systematically investigated by I–V characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that the conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell with a ZnO/TiO₂ mass ratio of 25:75 was increased by about 35 % compared to that of pure TiO₂-based solar cell. Addition of ZnO nanoflowers can enhance the light harvesting and improve electron transport.     

TiO2--Ta2O5 composite thin films deposited by radio frequency ion-beam sputtering

TiO2--Ta2O5 composite films were prepared by a radio frequency ion-beam sputtering deposition process, and the refractive indices and extinction coefficients of the composite films were found to be between those of the TiO2 and Ta2O5 films. The structure of the as-deposited films was amorphous, and the surface roughness was approximately 0.1 nm. The residual stress of the composite films was less than that of pure TiO2 film. The structure of the composite films after annealing was amorphous, with low surface roughness and slightly increased residual stress. The film containing 6.3% TiO2 displayed better properties than either the pure TiO2 or the pure Ta2O5 film.     

Preparation and properties of ce-doped TiO2 photocatalyst

TiO₂ nanoparticles doped with different content of Ce ion were prepared by sol–gel method. The samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, UV–Vis, and PL, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the irradiation of fluorescent lamp. The results indicate that Ce ion is incorporated into the lattice of TiO₂, which can restrain the increase of grain size, broaden the absorption region to visible light, and inhibit the recombination of the photo-generated electron and hole pairs. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of Ce-TiO₂ in MB degradation is evidently enhanced. The MB degradation rate of the sample with Ce:Ti = 0.33% (molar ratio) in 8 h is 90.03%, which is much higher than that of P25 (68.19%).     

碳掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以葡萄糖和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了C-TiO2光催化剂粉体。利用XRD、XPS、Raman、PL、UV-Vis等对样品进行表征分析,研究了不同制备条件对样品性能的影响,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了其光催化性能。结果表明,碳掺入到TiO2晶格中,促进了样品由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,拓展了TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,降低了光生电子和空穴的复合几率。当n(C)∶n(Ti)=0.30,400℃条件下焙烧4h制备的样品催化性能最好,在普通日光灯下3h内对MB的降解率达90.17%,显著高于同等实验条件下的Degussa P25(49.71%)。     

高活性光催化剂纳米Ag-碳纳米管-混晶TiO_2复合纤维的可控制备

为解决TiO_2对太阳能有效利用率低、光生电子与空穴再复合率高、光催化活性低且难回收等应用难题,利用静电纺丝技术成功地制备了纳米Ag-碳纳米管(CNT)-混晶TiO_2复合纤维,并采用SEM、XRD、EDS及Raman等表征方法详细分析了材料的微观结构与组分,研究了纳米Ag-CNT-混晶TiO_2复合纤维对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性。结果表明:锐钛矿与金红石相TiO_2混晶不仅可降低材料的禁带宽度,还能减缓光生电子与空穴的复合淬灭;纳米Ag颗粒的局域表面等离激元共振可增强Ag-CNT-混晶TiO_2复合纤维的光吸收,CNT能促进光生电子与空穴的有效分离;纳米Ag-CNT-混晶TiO_2复合纤维对亚甲基蓝的首次降解率可达97.5%,且5次催化循环后对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍保持在90.0%以上。所得结论表明静电纺丝制备的新型纳米Ag-CNT-混晶TiO_2复合纤维是一种高活性的光催化剂,且容易回收,具有光降解亚甲基蓝的应用前景。     

Reduced graphene oxide and CdTe nanoparticles co-decorated TiO2 nanotube array as a visible light photocatalyst

TiO₂ nanotube array (TiO₂ NT) was co-decorated by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) through a simple one-step electrodeposition process. RGO film was formed on the top surface of TiO₂ NT and CdTe NPs homogeneously dispersed within the RGO sheets and on the inner/outer walls of TiO₂ NT. Resulting from the synergetic effect of RGO and CdTe, the photocatalytic activity of the ternary RGO/CdTe–TiO₂ NT photocatalyst far exceeded those of bare TiO₂ NT, RGO-TiO₂ NT, and CdTe–TiO₂ NT photocatalysts in the degradation of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under simulated solar light or visible light irradiation. After 180-min UV–Vis (or visible light) irradiation, almost 100 % (or 96 %) 2,4-D removal efficiency was achieved on RGO/CdTe–TiO₂ NT, much higher than 42 % (or 2 %) on bare TiO₂ NT, 58 % (or 10 %) on RGO–TiO₂ NT, and 52 % (or 41 %) on CdTe–TiO₂ NT. This study will inspire better design of advanced photocatalysts with high visible-light photocatalytic activity.