HPVC/SBR共混体系相容性的研究

采用动态硫化方法制备高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体,考察了单一组分相容剂「相容剂分别为ＮＢＲ２７０、ＮＢＲ Ｐ６５、ＣＰＥ和氢化苯乙烯－丁二烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ＳＥＢＳ）」、复合相容剂（ＳＥＢＳ／ＮＢＲ和ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ）及交联程度对ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混体系相容性的影响。结果表明,使用复合相容剂可明显改善ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物的性能;动态硫化在改善共混物力学性能方面起主要作     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯/SBR动态硫化共混物力学性能的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体。考察了硫化体系、硫化条件、相容剂种类和用量以及返炼次数对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入１～３份不同种类的相容剂均可明显改善共混物的力学性能,其中嵌段共聚物ＳＥＢＳ的作用效果最佳     

动态硫化PVC/SBR共混体系的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物，考察了橡塑比、硫化体系、相容剂及ＰＶＣ交联对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为７５／２５，相容剂ＮＢＲ／氯化聚乙烯并用比为２．５／２．５，采用半有效或半有效加２份交联剂ＤＣＰ的硫化体系时，共混物综合性能较好。在ＰＶＣ中加入０．４份促进剂ＮＡ－２２可明显改善共混物的压缩永久变形。     

PVC/SBR共混改性的研究

对于非相容性ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ（１００／２０）共混体系，相容剂、增塑剂、填料和硫化剂用量以及返炼次数对共混体物理性能均有影响。试验结果表明：ＮＢＲ－２６是ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混体的良好相容剂，可以显著改善共混体的力学性能，用量以６份为宜。增塑剂ＤＯＰ为１００份、碳酸钙为８０份、硫黄为０．１份时，ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混体可获得良好的综合性能。返炼次数对共混体性能影响不大。     

PVC／SBR热塑性弹性体的研制

以ＡＢＳ、氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）、马来酸酐（ＭＡ）接枝ＳＢＲ（ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ）作增容剂对ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的共混比、增容剂、增塑剂用量做了优化选择。同时对动态硫化ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的硫化体系、硫化工艺条件进行了探讨,并比较了动态硫化对共混体性能的影响。结果表明：ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ为８０／２０,增容剂ＡＢＳ／ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ为５／５时,选用半有效硫化体系,１６５℃下动态硫化６ｍｉｎ,共混物综合性能最佳     

重质芳烃油在PVC/SBR共混型热塑性弹性体中的应用研究

用重质芳烃油代替部分ＤＯＰ作增塑剂，通过动态全硫化法制成了ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体（ＴＰＥ）。试验了不同增塑剂的品种和用量对共混物性能的影响，结果表明：当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的配比为５５／４５、重质芳烃油与ＤＯＰ的并用比为３／２时，共混物的力学性能和工艺性能均可满足使用要求。     

热塑性酚醛树脂/丁腈橡胶共混物性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）、红外光谱法和力学性能测试等方法，研究了一系列配比的热塑性酚醛树脂（ＰＦ）／丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）共混物的性能。共混比为（３—５０）／１００的ＰＦ／ＮＢＲ共混物表现出最佳的力学性能。ＤＳＣ分析表明六亚甲基四胺固化ＰＦ和硫黄硫化ＮＢＲ是共混物硫化过程中的主导反应，但红外分析表明ＮＢＲ中—ＣＮ与ＰＦ发生了化学反应，这种反应正是共混物获得良好性能的原因。     

四亚乙基五胺对PVC和PVC/NBR共混物的交联作用

从硫化特性、热变形值、凝胶质量分数和物理性能等方面考察了四亚乙基五胺（ＴＥＰＡ）对ＰＶＣ和ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ共混物的交联作用以及ＰＶＣ和ＮＢＲ同时交联对共混物性能的影响。结果表明,ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ共混物中的ＰＶＣ组分交联后,共混物的物理性能和热变形性能都有所改善;ＰＶＣ和ＮＢＲ两组分同时交联可改善共混物的物理性能和热变形性能,在ＮＢＲ用量较大（６０份以上）时效果更为明显,若ＮＢＲ用量太低,则共混物热变形性能反而有所下降;交联剂ＴＥＰＡ对硫黄硫化ＮＢＲ有一定抑制作用,对共混物的物理性能影响不大,但在一定用量范围内有较小的劣化作用     

EVM/NBR动态硫化共混物性能的研究

研究了橡胶型乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＭ）／ＮＢＲ共混比、硫黄和叔丁基酚醛树脂（２４０２树脂）硫化体系对共混物性能的影响，并对比了动态硫化和静态硫化共混物在性能上的差异。试验结果表明，ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ共混比显著影响共混物的力学性能，而采用ＮＢＲ预先动态硫化的方法后，共混物胶料的挤出口型膨胀率明显减小，老化性能得到改善，同时减弱了硫黄和２４０２树脂等硫化体系对ＥＶＭ硫化的影响，使多种硫化体系可以共存于共混物中。ＤＳＣ分析表明ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ动态硫化共混物只有一个玻璃化温度，且介于ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ之间，说明ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ具有良好的相容性。     

PVC／ENR／XNBR（NBR）动态硫化共混物

能干不氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）、聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）和羧基丁腈橡胶（ＸＮＢＲ）之间的自硫化反应，实现了ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＸＮＢＲ三元共混物的动态友化，由此得到了具有热塑性弹性体的一些典型特征的ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＸＮＢＲ动态自硫化共混物。该人混物与自硫化反应不明显的ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＮＢＲ共混物进行了比较，发现动态自硫化反应显著提高了共混物的综合性能。结果表明，当橡塑比为７０／３０时，前者的拉伸强度为１１．８     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。