乳源活性肽的研究进展

近年来，对肽的作用做了大量的研究工作，证实乳蛋白是许多生物活性肽的重要来源，主要的乳蛋白源生物活性肽有阿片样肽、抗菌肽、免疫刺激肽、抗血栓肽和矿质元素结合肽等。文章对这些活性肽的作用进行了介绍，并根据研究现状，对如何制备、纯化和分析活性肽做了简要的综述。     

功能性乳蛋白多肽在乳品中的应用

介绍了乳蛋白活性肽的来源及其国内外的发展状况，主要针对乳蛋白活性肽的各种生物活性在乳制品中的潜在应用价值，包括免疫调节、抗血栓、抗高血压、抗胆固醇、增强钙磷物质的有效吸收、改善食品质地风味等功效。     

乳源性生物活性肽的研究进展

乳蛋白及乳制品具有多种营养功能.乳蛋白通过水解及发酵的乳制品中可产生多种生物活性多肽.它们对诸如消化系统,心血管,免疫和神经系统起着重要的作用.随着提取技术的改进和新技术的开发,越来越多的乳源性生物活性肤及其所具有的多种生理功能被认识,并逐渐被应用到功能性食品、药品和化妆品等领域.综述乳源性生物活性肽主要功能,提取方法及对人体健康的作用.     

乳源性生物活性肽的研究概况

乳蛋白除了营养作用外,还是生物活性肽的重要来源,这些活性肽主要包括:阿片样肽、免疫调节肽、抗高血压肽、抗凝血肽、抗菌肽和促进金属离子(ca2 、Fe2 、Zn2 )的吸收等,可作为生理功能的重要调节剂.并对这些活性肽的生理功能及研究现状做了简要的论述.     

乳蛋白生物活性肽的药理学作用及应用前景

以乳蛋白生物活性肽中酪蛋白磷酸肽为重点，就乳蛋白生物活性肽的离子载体作用、细胞凋亡诱导作用、细胞免疫调节作用、DNA合成促进作用、抗茵作用、抗高血压作用和抗血栓作用进行了阐述，并对这些药理学作用的研究进展加以介绍，同时展望了乳蛋白生物活性肽在乳品和医药工业中的应用前景：     

乳源生物活性肽研究进展

乳蛋白是人类膳食蛋白质的重要来源之一,乳蛋白在蛋白酶的作用下生成具有不同功能的肽,因其对人体生理功能潜在的调节作用得到了广泛的研究和关注。为了更好地了解乳源生物活性肽,文章从生物功能、制备方法以及质谱技术的应用等3个方面对乳源生物活性肽的最新研究进展进行了系统的综述。首先系统分析了目前已报道的具有血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性、免疫调节活性、抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和阿片活性等功能的乳源生物活性肽的功能、来源和构效关系;对乳源生物活性肽的制备方法及其优缺点进行了比较;最后对质谱技术在乳源生物活性肽筛选、磷酸化乳源肽和糖基化乳源肽的鉴定等方面的最新应用进展进行了梳理。     

乳蛋白生物活性肽的研究概述

对源于乳蛋白的生物活性肽作一介绍,主要包括：阿片样肽,降血压肽,抗血栓肽及免疫促进肽等。这些活性肽的发现为今后进一步利用乳蛋白资源,生产功能食品基料或药品提供了一条新的途径。     

骆驼乳蛋白肽生物活性的研究进展

骆驼乳具有很高的营养价值,其成分接近于人乳,富含许多对人体健康至关重要的活性物质。骆驼乳蛋白肽是骆驼乳蛋白经酶解、发酵等方式得到的含有多个氨基酸序列的多肽,具有广泛的生物活性,这些生物活性作用对其在治疗和预防多种疾病方面表现出一定潜力。本文综述了骆驼乳蛋白肽的生物活性对人体健康的促进作用,旨在为其相关研究及开发利用提供理论依据。     

乳蛋白中的生物活性序列

本文介绍了乳蛋白中的活性序列，这些序列在酶消化过程中可以释放出类吗啡肽、免疫多肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽。现已证明，许多乳蛋白的生物活性肽具有良好的生理功能，因此，在食品和医药领域有巨大的应用潜力。     

生物技术在乳制品工业中的新进展

<正> 生物技术是20世纪70年代初,在分子生物学和细胞生物学基础上多学科渗透而发展起来的新领域,其主要内容为基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程和生化工程等。生物技术是利用生物体系,应用先进的生物学和工程学技术,改变生物特性进行物质转化,以生产人类所需要的各种产品。近年来,生物技术广泛应用于乳品工业,使乳品工业得以迅猛发展。 开发乳蛋白生物活性肽 乳蛋白是生产乳制品的重要原料,而蛋白酶是生产乳制品的重要手段。这一领域之所以受到人们关注,主要是由于从中发现了多种具有生物活性的功能肽。通过选择性水解乳蛋白,可获得不同的生物活性肽。活     

Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and their health beneficial potentials: an update

It has been well recognized that dietary proteins provide a rich source of biologically active peptides. Today, milk proteins are considered the most important source of bioactive peptides and an increasing number of bioactive peptides have been identified in milk protein hydrolysates and fermented dairy products. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins offer a promising approach for the promotion of health by means of a tailored diet and provide interesting opportunities to the dairy industry for expansion of its field of operation. The potential health benefits of milk protein-derived peptides have been a subject of growing commercial interest in the context of health-promoting functional foods. Hence, these peptides are being incorporated in the form of ingredients in functional and novel foods, dietary supplements and even pharmaceuticals with the purpose of delivering specific health benefits.     

Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality

Milk proteins exert a wide range of nutritional, functional and biological activities. Many milk proteins possess specific biological properties that make these components potential ingredients of health-promoting foods. Increasing attention is being focused on physiologically active peptides derived from milk proteins. These peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein molecule and can be liberated by (1) gastrointestinal digestion of milk, (2) fermentation of milk with proteolytic starter cultures or (3) hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. Milk protein derived peptides have been shown in vivo to exert various activities affecting, e.g., the digestive, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. Studies have identified a great number of peptide sequences with specific bioactivities in the major milk proteins and also the conditions for their release have been determined. Industrial-scale technologies suitable for the commercial production of bioactive milk peptides have been developed and launched recently. These technologies are based on novel membrane separation and ion exchange chromatographic methods being employed by the emerging dairy ingredient industry. A variety of naturally formed bioactive peptides have been found in fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, sour milk and cheese. The health benefits attributed to peptides in these traditional products have, so far, not been established, however. On the other hand, there are already a few commercial dairy products supplemented with milk protein-derived bioactive peptides whose health benefits have been documented in clinical human studies. It is envisaged that this trend will expand as more knowledge is gained about the multifunctional properties and physiological functions of milk peptides.     

Milk-derived bioactive peptides: From science to applications

Milk proteins have received increasing attention as potential ingredients of health-promoting functional foods targeted at diet-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes type two and obesity. To this end, growing interest has been focused on physiologically active peptides derived from milk proteins. These peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein molecule and can be liberated by gastrointestinal digestion of milk, fermentation of milk with proteolytic starter cultures or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. Milk protein-derived peptides have been shown under in vitro and in vivo conditions to exert a number of activities affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. A great variety of naturally formed bioactive peptides have been found in fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, sour milk and cheese. Recently, industrial-scale technologies suitable for the industrial production of bioactive milk peptides have been developed. In addition, a few commercial food products supplemented with milk protein-derived bioactive peptides have been launched on limited markets. Some of these products carry clinically documented benefits, in particular for reduction of mild hypertension. The multifunctional properties of milk peptides appear to offer considerable potential for the development of many similar products in the near future.     

A New Frontier in Soy Bioactive Peptides that May Prevent Age‐related Chronic Diseases

During gastrointestinal digestion or food processing of proteins, small peptides can be released and may act as regulatory compounds with hormone‐like activities. Numerous biologically active peptides (bioactive peptides) have been identified. Most bioactive peptides are derived from milk and dairy products, with the most common being angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Soybean protein and soybean derived peptides also play an important role in soybean physiological activities, particularly those related to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the bioactive potential of soybean derived bioactive peptides is yet to be fully appreciated. After a general introduction of approaches and advances in bioactive peptides from food sources, this review focuses on bioactive peptides derived from soybean proteins and their physiological properties. Technological approaches to generate bioactive peptides, their isolation, purification, characterization, and quantification, and further application in food and drug design are also presented. Safety concerns, such as potential toxicity, allergenicity, and sensory aspect of these peptides are likewise discussed.     

Therapeutic potential of dairy bioactive peptides: A contemporary perspective

Dairy products are associated with numerous health benefits. These are a good source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein (bioactive peptides), lipids, minerals, and vitamins, which are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of the human body. Accordingly, dairy bioactive peptides are one of the targeted compounds present in different dairy products. Dairy bioactive compounds can be classified as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, immmunomodulant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, opoid, anti-thrombotic, anti-obesity, and mineral-binding agents, depending upon biological functions. These bioactive peptides can easily be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, and during fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion. For this reason, fermented dairy products, such as yogurt, cheese, and sour milk, are gaining popularity worldwide, and are considered excellent source of dairy peptides. Furthermore, fermented and non-fermented dairy products are associated with lower risks of hypertension, coagulopathy, stroke, and cancer insurgences. The current review article is an attempt to disseminate general information about dairy peptides and their health claims to scientists, allied stakeholders, and, certainly, readers.     

Physiological,chemical and technological aspects of milk-protein-derived peptides with antihypertensive and ACE-inhibitory activity

Among the bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, those with blood pressure-lowering effects are receiving special attention due to the prevalence and importance of hypertension in the Western population. A few antihypertensive products based on milk-protein-derived peptides with clinically proven health benefits already exist. This paper reviews the current literature on milk-derived peptides with antihypertensive effects. The structure-activity characteristics of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides are discussed, as well as their bioavailability, potential physiological affects and the existence of mechanisms of action other than ACE inhibition. The paper also focuses on the technological aspects of the production of bioactive dairy products with antihypertensive peptides, either by fermentation with selected microorganisms or by in vitro-hydrolysis and enrichment. Finally, the stability of the peptides during production and processing is addressed, including the potential interactions with other food components and their influence on peptide bioactivity and bioavailability.     

Identification of Anticancer Peptides from Bovine Milk Proteins and Their Potential Roles in Management of Cancer: A Critical Review

Cancer is the most widely recognized reason for human deaths globally. Conventional anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, are very costly and induce severe side effects on the individual. The discovery of natural anticancer compounds like peptides may thus be a better alternative for cancer prevention and management. The anticancer peptides also exist in the amino acid chain of milk proteins and can be generated during proteolytic activities such as gastrointestinal digestion or food processing including fermentation. This paper presents an exhaustive overview of the contemporary literature on antitumor activities of peptides released from milk proteins. In addition, caseins and whey proteins have been evaluated for anticancer potential using the AntiCP database, a web‐based prediction server. Proline and lysine, respectively, dominate at various positions in anticancer peptides obtained from caseins and whey proteins. The remarkable number of potential anticancer peptides revealed milk proteins as favorable candidates for the development of anticancer agents or milk and milk products for reduction of cancer risks. Moreover, anticancer peptides liberated from milk proteins can be identified from fermented dairy products. Although current findings of correlation between dairy food intakes and cancer risks lack consistency, dairy‐derived peptides show promise as candidates for cancer therapy. This critical review supports the notion that milk proteins are not only a nutritious part of a normal daily diet but also have potential for prevention and/or management of cancer.     

Food‐derived immunomodulatory peptides

Food proteins contain specific amino acid sequences within their structures that may positively impact bodily functions and have multiple immunomodulatory effects. The functional properties of these specific sequences, also referred to as bioactive peptides, are revealed only after the degradation of native proteins during digestion processes. Currently, milk proteins have been the most explored source of bioactive peptides, which presents an interesting opportunity for the dairy industry. However, plant‐ and animal‐derived proteins have also been shown to be important sources of bioactive peptides. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo evidence of the role of various food proteins as sources of immunomodulatory peptides and discusses the possible pathways involving these properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry