橡胶改性对硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料力学性能的影响

对环氧树脂进行液体丁腈橡胶改性, 并采用缠绕无纬布层压成型工艺制备了硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料。测试了环氧树脂液体丁腈橡胶改性前后硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的力学性能, 研究了硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的纵向拉伸破坏模式。结果表明, 基体中的10%液体丁腈橡胶使硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的拉伸强度、 弯曲强度、 层间剪切强度和断裂延伸率分别提高了18.42%、 13.39%、 28.45%和43.40%, 但其拉伸和弯曲模量稍有下降。基体中含10%液体丁腈橡胶的硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的纵向拉伸破坏模式为界面层的内聚破坏和脱黏破坏共存的混合破坏。      

2.5D浅交直联C_f/Al复合材料的显微组织及弯曲和剪切性能

采用真空压力浸渗法制备体积分数为50%的2.5D浅交直联C_f/Al复合材料,研究复合材料的显微组织以及室温、高温下弯曲和剪切性能,分析复合材料弯曲和剪切性能的破坏失效机理。结果表明:2.5D浅交直联C_f/Al复合材料经向、纬向显微组织均存在一定的微孔、纤维丝偏聚等缺陷。室温的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为268.4 MPa,75.2 GPa和41.0 MPa,350℃的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为139 MPa,70.9 GPa和39.2 MPa,400℃的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为97.6 MPa,68.5 GPa和29.9 MPa;其中,弯曲失效主要由于内侧面受压导致经向纤维束在压应力作用下被压断,纬向纤维束产生挤压变形;外侧面受拉处随测试温度升高复合材料拉伸破坏现象不明显;而剪切破坏首先出现在基体与纤维束界面损伤处,室温下纤维束被拔出,断口不平齐,350,400℃时纤维束断口呈现45°破坏;经向纤维束屈曲与纬向纤维束挤压变形程度随测试温度升高越来越严重。     

苎麻布/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能

利用聚丙烯及苎麻布作原料、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (MAPP) 作界面增容剂, 采用模压工艺, 在175℃, 5、10、15及20 MPa四种压力下成型复合材料, 研究了MAPP质量分数、苎麻布质量分数及成型压力对复合材料力学性能的影响。复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度在MAPP加入量为 3 %和 5 %时分别达最大值 46.72 MPa和 68. 43 MPa , 较无MAPP的复合材料的强度值分别提高 50. 95 %和 61. 81 %; 拉伸模量及弯曲模量因使用MAPP而增加, 但拉伸断裂伸长率却会下降。随着苎麻布质量分数增加, 复合材料拉伸强度、 拉伸模量、弯曲模量均逐渐增加; 苎麻布质量分数10 %、20 %的复合材料在较低的压力 (5、10 MPa) 下成型时 , 其拉伸强度和弯曲强度值相对更高, 当苎麻布质量分数超过20 %后, 成型压力对力学性能的影响无明显的规律。      

2.5D浅交直联Cf/Al复合材料的显微组织及弯曲和剪切性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用真空压力浸渗法制备体积分数为50% 的2.5D浅交直联Cf/Al复合材料,研究复合材料的显微组织以及室温、高温下弯曲和剪切性能,分析复合材料弯曲和剪切性能的破坏失效机理.结果表明:2.5D浅交直联Cf/Al复合材料经向、纬向显微组织均存在一定的微孔、纤维丝偏聚等缺陷.室温的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为268.4 M Pa,75.2 GPa和41.0 M Pa,350℃的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为139 M Pa,70.9 GPa和39.2 M Pa,400℃的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度分别为97.6 M Pa,68.5 GPa和29.9 M Pa;其中,弯曲失效主要由于内侧面受压导致经向纤维束在压应力作用下被压断,纬向纤维束产生挤压变形;外侧面受拉处随测试温度升高复合材料拉伸破坏现象不明显;而剪切破坏首先出现在基体与纤维束界面损伤处,室温下纤维束被拔出,断口不平齐,350,400℃时纤维束断口呈现45°破坏;经向纤维束屈曲与纬向纤维束挤压变形程度随测试温度升高越来越严重.     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)和高强高模聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维为原料，通过熔融共混热压成型工艺制备了不同PVA纤维含量的PLA/PVA复合材料，研究了复合材料的相形态、玻璃化转变、结晶和熔融行为以及力学性能。结果表明：低含量的PVA纤维能均匀地分散在PLA基体中，当纤维质量分数达到20%时，纤维发生团聚。差示扫描量热仪测试结果表明PVA纤维在PLA结晶过程中起到了成核作用。随PVA纤维含量增加，PLA的结晶度增加。此外，动态力学行为表明PVA纤维含量的增加有助于提高复合材料储能模量和刚性。复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量随PVA纤维含量的增加而增加，当PVA纤维质量分数为20%时，拉伸和弯曲模量达到最大，与纯PLA相比，复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量分别提高了43.5%和38.6%。但是，PVA纤维的加入并没有使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度得到较大改善。     

聚酰亚胺表面处理玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

采用浇铸成型工艺制备含0.5wt%、长度分别为1 mm、3 mm、5 mm的短切玻璃纤维/环氧树脂（GF/EP）复合材料,研究含活性酚羟基和不含酚羟基的两种聚酰亚胺（PI）处理GF表面对纤维束拉伸强度及GF/EP复合材料力学性能的影响,并进一步研究PI处理GF对复合材料热性能的影响。研究结果表明,经过PI处理的GF,集束性和拉伸强度得到提高。含活性酚羟基聚酰亚胺（PI1）处理的GF拉伸强度由原丝束的517 MPa提高到1 032 MPa,不含酚羟基聚酰亚胺（PI2）处理的GF提高到986 MPa。当PI1处理的GF长度为3 mm时,GF/EP复合材料的力学性能最好,拉伸强度比未处理的提高23.62%,拉伸模量提高34.03%,弯曲强度提高28.74%,断裂韧性提高13.04%;PI2处理的GF,GF/EP复合材料拉伸强度提高15.87%,拉伸模量提高23.70%,弯曲强度提高14.11%,断裂韧性提高4.05%。此外,PI处理GF对GF/EP复合材料热性能也有一定程度的提高。     

硅橡胶气囊辅助RTM工艺成型复合材料裙段研究

VARTM工艺成型的固体火箭发动机壳体复合材料连接裙段构件纤维体积含量较低,复合材料力学性能不佳.本文分别采用VARTM和硅橡胶气囊辅助RTM工艺来成型此裙段构件,进行了玻璃钢件的制备与考核.研究结果表明,硅橡胶气囊辅助RTM工艺成型的裙段性能较VARTM工艺成型的裙段有明显的提高,复合材料纤维体积含量达到了61%,拉伸强度和和弯曲强度分别比VARTM工艺制备的同种复合材料提高了29%和27%,成型裙段构件的整体轴压承载性能也相应地提高了30%以上.     

孔隙含量对复合材料力学性能的影响

制造复合材料时,如果工艺参数选择不当,常常使复合材料中形成不同类型的孔隙。孔隙的存在会对复合材料性能产生很大影响。本文的目的在于讨论孔隙含量对单向复合材料机械性能的影响。这些性能包括:纵向、横向拉伸强度和模量;弯曲强度和模量;平面剪切强度和模量及层间剪切强度等。试件用纤维缠绕工艺制造。树脂基体由双酚-A型环氧树脂和热固性酚醛树脂构成。后者用作环氧树脂的固化剂。用E玻璃无捻粗纱作增强材料。试件在真空干燥箱中按预定的固化制度固化。复合材料中的孔隙含量用比重法测定。结果表明,单向复合材料中的孔隙含量对横向拉伸、层间剪切及平面剪切性能有明显影响。指出,通过控制工艺参数、降低孔隙含量,可以制得性能优异的复合材料。      

复合材料缠绕压力容器缠绕过程模拟

为了提高复合材料缠绕压力容器缠绕工艺效率及优化缠绕过程,研究并设计了复合材料缠绕压力容器缠绕过程的模拟软件.模拟软件主要包括两个模块:缠绕设计模块和模拟模块.模拟模块中,通过在几何空间和色彩空间,描述纤维缠绕压力容器成型工艺的芯模、落纱点、悬纱、丝头的运动规律和运动轨迹,形成动态画面,直观地反映出缠绕过程中落纱、纱线排布、悬纱、芯模和丝头运动以及线形变化,显示出纤维缠绕成型的全部过程.该模拟软件的建立,有利于加深对复合材料缠绕压力容器缠绕工艺过程的理解.     

NaOH预处理对报纸/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响

采用NaOH对报纸进行预处理,利用双螺杆挤出和注塑成型制备报纸纤维/HDPE复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察预处理前后纤维的形态变化和复合材料的断面形貌,探究不同NaOH浓度处理的纸粉对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,NaOH处理可提高报纸纤维的分散性,进而促进纤维在塑料中的分布均匀性。2.5%浓度处理的纸粉获得的复合材料弯曲模量和拉伸强度最高,分别为1.81GPa,20.15MPa;3.5%浓度处理制得的材料的弯曲强度最高,为19.62MPa,但热降解温度略微降低;3%浓度处理材料的冲击性能最优,为5.30KJ/m~2。     

Ultra-efficient wound composite truss structures

This paper presents the design, analysis, manufacturing, experimental testing, and multiobjective optimization of a new family of ultra-efficient composite truss structures. The continuously wound truss concept introduced here is a versatile, low cost and scalable method of manufacturing truss structures based on a simple winding process. A prototype truss configuration is shown and experimentally characterized under torsion and three point bending loads. A large deformation implementation of the direct stiffness method is shown to provide good prediction of the stiffness properties of the prototype truss. This model is extended to include strength prediction with multiple failure modes. The design space achievable with these truss structures is then explored through multiobjective optimization using the NSGA II genetic algorithm. These continuously wound truss structures have the potential to provide between one and two orders of magnitude increase in structural efficiency compared to existing carbon fiber composite tubes.     

玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料研究

为了改善橡胶的力学性能和阻尼性能,以橡胶、纤维和铅为原料设计了玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料,研究了不同玻璃纤维增强铅网铺层数量的横向玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶复合材料力学性能和阻尼性能,分析了其阻尼机制.结果表明,复合材料具有比橡胶更高的力学性能和阻尼特性,其刚度随铅网铺层数量的增加而提高,而阻尼损耗因子与铺层数呈非线性关系.复合材料中存在材料变形耗能、界面耗能、摩擦耗能等多种阻尼损耗机制.     

Thermal aging of fiberglass/carbon-fiber hybrid composites

Thermal oxidation of a unidirectional carbon-fiber/glass-fiber hybrid composite was investigated to determine oxidation kinetics and degradation mechanisms. The epoxy composite rods were comprised of a carbon-fiber core and a glass-fiber shell. A reaction–diffusion model was developed for each of the two hybrid sections to obtain the oxygen-concentration profile and the thickness of the oxidized layer (TOL) within the composite rods. The TOL was measured experimentally for samples exposed at 180 °C and 200 °C for up to 8736 h, and measured values were similar to the modeling predictions. The glass-fiber shell functioned as a protective layer, limiting the oxidation of carbon-fiber core. A relationship was derived relating TOL to tensile strength of the hybrid composite. The tensile strength remained essentially unchanged by thermal oxidation after 52 weeks of exposure. Inspection of thermally aged capped rods showed no cracking after long-term exposures.     

Fabrication and crushing behavior of low density carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss structures

A new method for fabricating carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss cores was developed based on the molding hot-press technique. In this method, all the continuous fibers of composite are aligned in the direction of struts and thus, the truss structure can fully exploit the intrinsic strength of the fiber reinforced composite. The microstructure and organizations of fibers of fabricated composite structures were examined using scanning electron microscope. The crushing response of the truss cores was also investigated and the corresponding failure modes were studied and complemented with an analytic model of the core crushing response. Our results show that the fabricated low-density truss cores have superior compressive strength and thus, could be used in development of novel lightweight multifunctional structures.     

厚壁复合材料管纤维缠绕张力的神经网络设计方法

提出了一种纤维缠绕厚壁复合材料管的张力优化设计方法。介绍了纤维缠绕控制系统的工作原理, 并讨论了缠绕厚壁复合材料管成型质量的影响因素。针对厚壁复合材料管纤维缠绕过程, 利用弹性叠加原理建立了计算缠绕张力导致复合材料管残余内应力变化的模型和方法。分别比较了利用现有恒张力、 恒力矩和锥度张力三种常规模式缠绕厚壁复合材料管的内应力分布特性。设计了一种独特的神经网络结构, 并通过误差反向传播实现了对纤维缠绕张力的优化设计。以实验验证说明神经网络收敛优化过程的主要机制, 结果表明, 通过该神经网络优化的纤维缠绕张力能满足特殊内应力(如等应力)分布设计的需要。     

Steel truss/composite skin hybrid ship hull,Part II: Manufacturing and sagging testing

A six meter subscale steel truss/composite skin hybrid ship hull model was developed based on an optimized design of a full scale model. The subscale model was finite element analyzed, manufactured and tested under sagging loads. It was made of a welded stainless steel truss to which 60 composite sandwich panels were bonded. The model was loaded to 36% above the design load, at which point there was substantial yielding and residual deformation of the steel truss. However, there was no indication of damage in any of the composite sandwich panels, nor in the bonds between the panels and the steel truss.     

Inverse algorithm for optimal processing of composite materials

During thermoset composite materials processing, the chemical reaction is highly exothermic and because of the low thermal conductivity of the material, significant temperature and state of cure gradients can be generated in thick parts. This creates non-uniform stresses that provoke defects. We propose to control the transformation by monitoring the temperature of the mold walls. A general inverse analysis based on the conjugate gradient method of minimization associated to the adjoint equations is used. After having detailed the method, we propose two examples. The first one presents an optimal cycle to obtain uniform conversion at the end of the curing of an epoxy/glass-fiber composite. The second example is concerned with the control of the temperature variations during the curing of a polyester/glass-fiber composite. The method is experimentally validated and proves to be very powerful and flexible.     

Hybrid truss concepts for carbon fiber composite pyramidal lattice structures

A novel hybrid truss construction concept is presented that incorporates a second-phase core material into trusses of carbon fiber (CF) composite pyramidal lattice (CPL) structures. Embedded core materials of wood and silicone rubber are selected for trial structures. Hybrid CPL structures were fabricated using a hot press molding approach and out-of-plane compression tests were performed to investigate properties. For prototype wood–core truss CPL, structural efficiencies increased comparing with solid truss CPL, while energy absorption capability was enhanced for rubber–core truss CPL. Employing the hybrid truss construction, the density-specific performance space of CF composite lattice structures can be expanded, and desired functional potential can be realized by judicious selection of core materials while simultaneously retaining structural properties.     

Steel truss/composite skin hybrid ship hull. Part I: Design and analysis

A hybrid ship hull made of a steel truss and composite sandwich skins was investigated. The steel truss was designed to carry the bending loads, whereas the composite skins were designed to carry shear and water pressure loads. A 142 m ship hull, similar to a destroyer in terms of size, weight and speed, was designed, finite element analyzed and optimized. Loads were essentially based on the regulations of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). A small scale model will be developed and tested in the next stage to verify the design.     

Pyramidal lattice sandwich structures with hollow composite trusses

Pyramidal lattice sandwich structures with hollow composite trusses were fabricated using a thermal expansion molding approach. Composite lattice structures with three relative densities were fabricated with two fiber architectures and the out-of-plane compression properties were measured and compared. Lattice cores with a fraction of carbon fibers circumferentially wound around the hollow trusses (Variant 2) exhibited superior mechanical properties compared with similar structures comprised of unidirectional fibers (Variant 1). The out-of-plane compressive properties of composite pyramidal lattice structures in Variant 2 were well-matched by analytical predictions. Unusual strain hardening behavior was observed in the plateau region for Variant 2, and the energy absorption capabilities were measured and compared with the similarly constructed silicone rubber–core truss pyramidal lattice structures (Variant 3). The energy absorption per unit mass of selected hollow truss composite lattice structures reported here surpassed that of both hybrid truss counterparts (Variant 3) and hollow truss metallic lattice structures.