温度及无机盐对LMEE和SDS混合溶液表面张力的影响

通过表面张力的测定,研究了温度和不同无机盐对月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物(laurylmethylesterethoxylate,简称LMEE)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配物表面张力及临界胶束浓度(CMC)的影响。研究表明:混合体系的CMC在很宽的复配比例内出现最低值,25℃、未加无机盐时可使CMC最低降至3 8×10-5mol/L;温度对复配体系表面张力的影响较小,温度上升复配物的CMC略有降低。3种价态无机盐的加入均可使复配物的CMC有所降低,但与单一表面活性剂相比,温度和无机盐对复配物的CMC影响均不大,说明复配体系的抗温变及抗盐能力均有增强。     

无机盐对磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂溶液表面性能的影响

在(30±0.2)℃下,用直接观察法、表面张力法和旋转液滴法考察了不同无机盐(NaCl、CaCl2和MgCl2)对磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂DJ溶液溶解性、临界胶束浓度(CMC)值和界面张力的影响。结果表明,磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂DJ具有良好的抗盐性,溶解度可以达到20 000 mg/L以上;在低盐度范围时(小于500 mg/L),随着无机盐质量浓度的增加,表面活性升高,CMC降低;随着阳离子(Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+)价数的增加,CMC降幅增大,且Ca2+的影响程度大于Mg2+;在无机盐质量浓度达到10 000 mg/L时,CMC呈上升趋势;无机盐的加入使溶液界面张力先降后升,然后趋于平稳。无机盐质量浓度在100～1 000 mg/L内,磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂DJ溶液的界面张力可以达到最低。     

两性离子/阴离子表面活性剂复配体系协同作用的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和两性离子表面活性剂月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱(LMB)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同增效作用。发现SDS和LMB质量比在7:3至3:7范围内增效作用显著。并考察了无机盐对表面活性剂复配体系泡沫性能的影响,结果表明,低浓度的无机盐会使表面活性剂复配体系表面张力和CMC下降,发泡力上升,高浓度的无机盐会使表面活性剂复配体系发泡力下降。例如0.1mol/L的NaCl使0.0025%的复配体系表面张力下降1.73mN/m,0.17mol/L的NaCl使2%的复配体系泡沫高度上升7.2%,而NaCl浓度超过0.26mol/L后会使泡沫高度降低。     

表面活性剂对气体水合物生成过程的定量影响

为确定HCFC?141b水合物生成条件下阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在0~20℃温度下,通过圆环法实验研究了不同浓度表面活性剂溶液体系的表面张力,考察了表面活性剂对溶液体系表面张力的影响机理并通过C3H8水合物的生成过程实验进行了验证,确定了SDS和SDBS的临界胶束浓度. 结果表明,当SDS和SDBS的质量浓度分别低于500?10?6和100?10?6时,表面活性剂降低水表面张力的效果最明显,二者的CMC分别为1950?10?6和400?10?6,表面活性剂能明显缩短水合反应的诱导时间,提高了其平均生成速率.     

羧基和磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成与溶液性质研究

以棕榈酸和N,N-二甲基丙二胺为主要原料通过酰胺化缩合反应合成棕榈酰胺中间体,再分别与氯乙酸钠和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠经季铵化反应,合成棕榈酰胺二甲胺羧基甜菜碱(C16ZC)和棕榈酰胺二甲胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(C16ZS),测定了无机盐、温度对表面活性剂的表面张力(γ)和临界胶束浓度(cmc)的影响,用Gibbs胶束公式计算了表面性能参数,并探讨了无机盐对表面活性剂溶液黏度的影响。实验结果表明,C16ZC的cmc低于C16ZS,无机盐的加入对C16ZC的cmc以及临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γcmc)的影响大于C16ZS,二价盐Ca Cl2对cmc的影响比一价盐Na Cl更大。温度上升,2种甜菜碱的cmc和γcmc略有降低。热力学参数表明,C16ZC的Gibbs自由能比C16ZS更小,易于形成胶束,且2种甜菜碱形成胶束的过程均属于熵驱动。适量无机盐的加入有利于甜菜碱表面活性剂的增稠,C16ZC的溶液黏度比C16ZS对无机盐更敏感。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面张力的研究

通过表面张力的测定,研究了浓度、温度对溶液表面张力的影响,同时考察无机盐浓度对溶液表面张力的影响.结果表明:十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液表面张力随浓度的增加、温度的升高和无机盐浓度逐渐的增大而降低,最终确定其CMC值为1.47×10-3mol/L,由于键能和水合离子半径的原因,NaCl对十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面张力的影响明显于KCl.     

不同类型的离子表面活性剂对甲苯的增溶作用

通过电导法测定SDBS、CTAB、FMES 3种离子表面活性剂水溶液在25,30,35℃时的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并依据CMC和范特霍夫方程计算了3种体系下的ΔH■、ΔS■和ΔG■,测定无机盐(NaCl、Na_2SO_4)和有机物(乙醇、十二醇)对表面活性剂增溶甲苯的影响。结果表明,3种体系下ΔG■均为负,这说明3种表面活性剂在水溶液中均易于形成胶团;3种离子表面活性剂的CMC大小顺序与对甲苯溶解量的大小顺序不同,说明CMC大小并不是影响甲苯增溶的唯一因素;添加一定量有机物[n(乙醇)∶n(FMES)=1∶4]或者无机盐(0.2 mol/L浓度的NaCl)对甲苯增溶效果更好。     

不同类型的离子表面活性剂对甲苯的增溶作用

通过电导法测定SDBS、CTAB、FMES 3种离子表面活性剂水溶液在25,30,35℃时的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并依据CMC和范特霍夫方程计算了3种体系下的ΔH■、ΔS■和ΔG■,测定无机盐(NaCl、Na_2SO_4)和有机物(乙醇、十二醇)对表面活性剂增溶甲苯的影响。结果表明,3种体系下ΔG■均为负,这说明3种表面活性剂在水溶液中均易于形成胶团;3种离子表面活性剂的CMC大小顺序与对甲苯溶解量的大小顺序不同,说明CMC大小并不是影响甲苯增溶的唯一因素;添加一定量有机物[n(乙醇)∶n(FMES)=1∶4]或者无机盐(0.2 mol/L浓度的NaCl)对甲苯增溶效果更好。     

一种枝杈型含氟季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其性能

以枝杈型含氟醚(4-全氟-[(1,3-二甲基-2-异丙基)-1-丁烯]氧基苯基醚)为原料,通过磺酰化、胺解和季铵化,得到枝杈型含氟季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂[N-[4-[全氟-(1,3-二甲基-2-异丙基)-1-丁烯]氧基苯磺酰胺基]乙基二乙基甲基碘化铵,其结构经IR、1H-NMR、MS得到确认;其水溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为2.5×10?5 mol?L?1,此时的表面张力为21.0 mN?m?1通过对温度、电解质以及与碳氢表面活性剂的复配研究发现:随着温度的升高其水溶液的CMC和表面张力呈下降趋势;盐度对其影响不大且具有较好的复配性能。     

糖酯表面活性剂在洗洁精中的应用

将辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉糖酯(简称糖酯)应用于洗洁精配方中,测试相关性质。结果表明,加入糖酯的洗洁精表面张力最低为27.232mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC值)为10g/L,低于市场上的洗涤剂对照样,泡沫高度最低为160mm,糖酯洗洁精洗盘数高于国标3.0,渗透性受糖酯影响较小。作为绿色表面活性剂,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉糖酯在洗洁精的配方开发中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Surface Activity Properties and Aggregation Behaviors of Partially Fluorinated Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution

The surface activity and aggregation behavior of partially fluorinated gemini surfactant N,N′‐bis(3‐perfluorohexyl‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐N,N′‐dipropanesulfonylhexylenediamine (N‐6‐Sul) was studied by surface tension, resonance light scattering and fluorescence spectra measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained by the three methods are in good agreement. The surface activity parameters such as the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (Π_cmc), the maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max) and the minimum surface area per molecule (A_min) were obtained through surface tension curves. The effects of pH, inorganic salts and temperature on the surface activity were also investigated. The morphology and size of the aggregates of N‐6‐Sul were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the partially fluorinated gemini surfactant N‐6‐Sul has many advantages such as high surface activity, low CMC value, great salt tolerance and temperature resistance.     

菊粉季铵盐的复配性能研究

考察了菊粉季铵盐与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面化学性质,计算了二者在混合胶束和表面吸附层中的协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系的表面化学性能明显优于单一体系,在混合胶束和表面吸附层中都表现出强烈的协同效应。当n(菊粉季铵盐)∶n(SDS)=8∶2时,复配体系的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界表面张力(γCMC)分别为2.81μmol/L和23.81 mN/m。     

四氟乙烯五聚体氧基苯磺酸钠与辛基三乙基溴化铵的相互作用

研究不同摩尔比的正负离子碳氢-碳氟表面活性剂——辛基三乙基溴化铵〔C8H17N(CH2CH3)3Br,C8NE〕与四氟乙烯五聚体氧基苯磺酸钠(C10F19OC6H4SO3Na,6201)混合溶液的表面张力,得到其临界胶束浓度(CMC)、最低表面张力(γCMC)、总饱和吸附量、不同表面张力时表面吸附层的组成;利用Gibbs-Duhem方程求得CMC处的胶团组成。采用规则溶液理论计算胶团中分子间相互作用参数(βm)以及CMC后的胶团组成。C8NE-6201复配体系的CMC明显小于单体系,这与βm负值很大相符(胶团内分子相互作用强)。但复配体系γCMC较6201单体系变化很小,这可能由于6201疏水链过长导致和C8NE复配后溶解性较差。6201自身的强疏水性使其成为表面吸附层和胶团在初始形成时的主导组分,而反电性C8NE参与提供协同作用。但是CMC后的胶团组成中6201的摩尔分数x6201m基本维持在0.6~0.7附近,说明对于CMC后胶团的形成正负电性作用占主导。     

Structural and Physicochemical Properties of a Polymerizable Surfactant Synthesized from <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methylol Acrylamide

A new polymerizable nonionic surfactant with reactive vinyl groups has been synthesized from N‐methylol acrylamide using a two‐step procedure. The structure of the surfactant molecule was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The surface active properties alongside its self‐assembly properties were investigated by surface tension, electrical conductivity, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. As compared with other nonionic surfactants, this study showed that this polymerizable surfactant possesses slightly a higher critical micelle concentration (CMC) value and the surface tension value at CMC. The obtained CMC values were compatible among measurements, ca. 0.02–0.038 M. The evidence of micelle formation also provided by the zeta potential measurements and the obtained zeta potential values showed that the polymerizable surfactant solutions had limited stability. The hydrolysis stability and solubility of the polymerizable surfactant were also investigated. The solubility results have shown that it was soluble in polar solvents while insoluble in nonpolar solvents both at room temperature and 40 °C. The acidic and basic hydrolysis of the surfactant increased as the temperature increased and the hydrolysis stability was 180 min (basic medium) and 55 min (acidic medium) at 80 °C.     

Interactions Between a Sulfobetaine-Type Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactant and Fatty Acid Alkanolamide in Aqueous Micellar Solution

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1,2-bis[N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-alkylammonium]-ethane betaine (GCS12) was measured using a tensiometric method in the presence of inorganic salts. Inorganic salt has a little impact on the surface tension and CMC of zwitterionic gemini surfactant. The CMC value of GCS12 is 0.07 mmol/L in distilled water, while all CMC values are around 0.04–0.05 mmol/L in the presence of 0.5 % NaCl, 2 % NaCl, and 2 % NaCl + 0.05 % CaCl₂. The interactions between GCS12 and non-ionic surfactant lauric acid diethanolamide (CDA) were investigated by measuring the CMC of their mixtures at different molar ratios. CDA and GCS12 form mixed micelles and exhibit synergism when the mole fraction of CDA is higher than 0.25. Both the steric effect of the head group and GCS12 charge affect the formation and stability of the mixed micelles. Small amounts of GCS12 with a lower CMC penetrate into the micelle of nonionic surfactant with a higher CMC and reduce its degree of hydration inducing an attractive interaction between the two surfactants.     

Surface tension of bovine serum albumin and tween 20 at the air-aqueous interface

Interfacial properties (surface tension, σ, and critical micelle concentration, CMC) of aqueous solutions of Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) and/or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were evaluated. Temperature, Tween 20 concentration in the aqueous phase, BSA/Tween 20 ratio, and aqueous phase composition [water, ethanol (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 M), and sucrose (0.5 M)] were the variables studied. The CMC of Tween 20 was determined by surface tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate method). The existence of BSA-Tween 20 interactions was deduced from surface tension measurements. The results show that the effect of temperature on CMC depends on the aqueous phase composition, but the σ value at CMC, σ_CMC, does decrease as temperature is increased. The CMC and σ_CMC values also depend on the aqueous phase composition. In aqueous ethanol solutions, the CMC increases, but σ_CMC decreases. However, in sucrose aqueous solutions, the CMC decreases, but there is no significant effect on σ_CMC. The BSA-Tween 20 interactions at the interface depend on both Tween 20 concentration (C) and solute in the bulk phase. In water and aqueous solutions of ethanol and sucrose, σ values decrease in the presence of protein at C<CMC but are practically independent of C at C>CMC. This is an indication that the interfacial characteristics of the mixed film are determined by either the protein or the lipid at the higher and lower protein/lipid ratio, respectively. In the intermediate region, the existence of BSA-Tween 20 interactions dominates the interfacial characteristics of mixed films.     

一种含氟烷基磷酸酯类氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

研究了含氟烷基磷酸单酯类表面活性剂[分子式为H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2,记为DFH-PS]与无机盐和普通碳氢表面活性剂的复配性能,研究结果表明,DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力为23.73 mN/m;当NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L时,可使DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力下降到21.62 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对该含氟表面活性剂影响显著,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(SDS)=5∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力在很低浓度时降至22.22 mN/m;与非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)混合,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(OP-10)=8∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力降至27.0 mN/m。