基于系统动力学的军用机场综合防护体系仿真研究

为研究军用机场的综合防护问题,采用系统动力学方法构建了军用机场综合防护体系模型并进行模拟仿真.结果表明,军用机场综合防护体系中的示假能力、应急抢修能力、信息对抗能力、飞机拦截能力及防空反导能力等因素对体系的综合防护效能影响较大.因此,军用机场的综合防护应该从综合多元防护手段出发,将综合防护措施与作战体系高度融合,才能有...     

军用机场环境绿化探析

文章结合军用机场的特点和绿化原则,针对飞行场区、外场保障区、内场生活区、机(洞)库区、国界及边坡五个区域,分析了军用机场的绿化要点.并针对“断头路”等问题,提出了处理方法,做到绿化与伪装兼顾.     

军用机场目标重要性分析模型

军用机场目标重要程度影响战时伪装防护决策.通过计算战时机场起降飞机的总架次,建立了机场内不同目标重要性程度的计算模型.基于战时机场基本运转模式,提出战时机场飞机起降架次的计算框架,明确不同目标对飞机起降架次的影响;选择合适的重要性指标表达方式,提出了机场不同目标重要性程度的计算方法;结合机场各组成部位的特点,提出飞机起...     

军用机场供电设计点滴谈

军用机场作为重要的军事设施在战争中的地位十分重要。为适应高科技条件下的战场环境，作战部队对机场供电设计提出了更高的要求。笔者参与了多个军用机场的供电设计，仅就设计中碰到的问题及采取的解决方案谈几点体会。     

桥墩基础局部冲刷防护措施研究综述

桥墩局部冲刷是威胁桥墩安全的重要原因,如何采取措施对桥墩局部冲刷进行防护一直是研究的重点,文章对桥墩基础局部冲刷的防护措施及其防护原理进行综合评述,并对各种防护措施的局限性进行了讨论,最后依据现有的研究成果,提出了对现有防护措施进一步深化研究的建议。     

美军前沿作战基地毁伤评估与防护优化研究

围绕美军前沿作战基地毁伤评估与防护优化,介绍了基地设施防护等级标准、毁伤威胁评估的基本思想、评估步骤,并从选址布局、周界与入口防护、重点部位防护、单装防护等方面开展基地防护优化讨论,结合我军机动式基地设施防护建设现状,提出增强我军机动式基地设施防护能力建设的几点启示.     

综合防护模型优化研究

在理解综合防护内涵的基础上,依据防护工程综合防护中工程和非工程防护措施的作用原理,建立了防护工程的综合防护生存效能模型.结合防护目标的性质、可能面临的威胁及目标综合防护中重点采取的防护措施等实际情况,对综合防护效能模型进行简化,建立了定量分析的数学模型,并进行优化分析.     

基于网络安全滑动标尺的安全防护体系建设探讨

2015年,美国系统网络安全协会(SANS)提出了网络安全滑动标尺模型,将网络安全体系建设过程分为架构建设、被动防御、积极防御、威胁情报和进攻反制五个阶段,按照每个阶段的建设水平来对安全防护能力进行评估,并指导未来安全防护能力的建设。本文将通过对网络安全滑动标尺模型的深入剖析,来探讨如何借助该模型更好的开展安全防护体系建设工作。     

防护工程假目标安全距离研究

设置假目标是防护工程伪装的基本内容之一.为了确定防护工程假目标的设置距离,分析了防护工程在未来战争中面临的打击威胁,给出了防护工程假目标的防震动、防冲击波和防爆炸破片与飞石安全距离计算方法；结合战场环境给出了算例,分别计算了3种情况下的安全距离,并进行分析比较,得出了防护工程假目标设置时的安全距离,解决了防护工程假目标...     

论光电对抗在重要目标综合防护中的应用

随着现代侦察技术和光电类精确制导技术在军事上的广泛应用,战场目标在现代战争中所面临的光电威胁也H趋严重。为了确保战场目标能够在未来战争中得以生存,就必须运用光电对抗手段对战场目标进行有效防护。针对战场目标防护所面临的现实挑战和严重威胁,阐述运用光电对抗手段的重要意义,分析光电对抗技术在重要目标综合防护中的应用,主要包括光电隐身、光电无源干扰和光电有源干扰等技术的原理和应用现状,并提出了光电对抗技术在综合防护领域的发展趋势。     

Structural and operational management of Turkish airports: a bootstrap data envelopment analysis of efficiency

This paper explores the structural and operational dimensions of the efficiencies of airports. The two-stage procedure is suggested to assess the efficiencies of airports in this study. In the first-stage, Classification and Regression Tree, which is one of the machine-learning approaches used to divide the airports into homogeneous and thus comparable sub-groups. In the second stage, the bootstrap data envelopment analysis approach obtains more precise structural and operational efficiency scores. To illustrate the proposed framework use, we applied it to a real case associated with Turkish airports. The results demonstrate that this framework presents a more comprehensive assessment of airport performance rather than conventional data envelopment analysis models. Moreover, it provides to show the deficiencies of the structural and operational management of airports. The findings can help anywhere airport authorities as well as Turkish airport authorities.     

上海浦东国际机场35／10kV中心变电站设计

提出在国内民用航空机场变配电系统设计中．机场中心变电站35kV侧采用三电源带线路变压器组,10kV侧采用6分段新型接线方案。由于35kV侧接线简化,继电保护简单;10kV侧多重保护,从而最大限度地提高了民用航空机场的供电可靠性。     

现代机场建筑发展趋势和设计策略

现代机场建筑从五六十年代成为一种建筑类型,其间已走过了近六十年的发展历程。自从进入20世纪90年代以来,得益于全球对航空业的巨大需求,它以一种极其迅猛的速度不断地向前发展。已有的机场在不断扩张或是新建,原本没有机场的城市也如雨后春笋般加入到机场建设的行列。研究总结了现代机场建筑的发展趋势与设计特点,为今后的机场建设提供策略和启发。     

机场工程建设安全管控模式研究——以浦东国际机场三期扩建工程为例

随着信息化、全球经济化的发展,人们出行面临越来越多的选择,特别是航空出行越来越成为更多人的选择,因此 对于民用机场的新建、改扩建等越来越迫在眉睫。民用机场工程建设扩张也带来危机,安全方面的困境层出不穷,安全管理 理念越来深入人心,机场的建设给管理和运行带来更高的要求。大型枢纽机场不能再停留在传统的工程项目管理水平上,而 是要建立科学有效的体系、采取有效的措施,在施工安全管控上加强与完善。以浦东国际机场三期扩建工程为例,以施工阶 段业主方的角度阐述机场工程建设安全管控模式。以期为类似工程建设安全管控提供借鉴和指导。     

Ownership structure and the technical,cost, and revenue efficiency of Italian airports

This paper investigates the role of the different ownership types of operators in the Italian airport sector. A meta-frontier conceptualization is utilized to consider ownership heterogeneity and compare airport efficiencies. Efficiencies are measured from multiple perspectives. Cluster analysis is adopted to uncover airport configurations with respect to inefficiencies. The results suggest that ownership heterogeneity may exert substantial influence on airport efficiency. However, while PPP airports have greater technical efficiency than airports operated by publicly owned operators, the meta-frontier analysis relative to cost and revenue efficiency does not provide evidence that PPP airports perform better. Indeed, publicly managed airports achieve comparable or better performance in terms of revenue efficiency. Findings also indicate that ownership is not the only factor affecting airport performance.     

机场一种文化景观?

在20世纪,机场已被理解和设计为一种文化景观和独特环境。尽管机场在其演化过程中被各种批评家、建筑师和哲学家描述为是一种反景观,过时的"非场所"和反乌托邦,但总体上对机场和航空的理解已经与景观、环境、生态的概念紧密地交织在一起。机场被认为是一种文化景观和一种脆弱的容易被破坏的环境,这种观点引发且起因于对机场特定地点的景观设计,对野生动物的管理实践,在机场设计中纳入历史遗迹、以及以废旧机场的适应性再利用为目的的飞机跑道和其他特征的保护。尽管很多设计师把机场构想为新的标志性的高科技文化景观,其他设计师则认为机场破坏了现有的文化景观。机场作为文化景观的理念也因此总是与其周围的社会、经济和政治密切相关。这篇文章把机场作为景观的思想,融入到文化景观自身概念的变化解释中,这种理念在动力飞行诞生的那几年中,第一次在英美世界得到更广泛和准确的运用。     

机场旧道面板再生粗集料在场道工程中的研究与应用

简要介绍了机场旧道面板的破碎与加工技术,分析并比较了再生粗集料(Recycled Coarse Aggregate,文中简称RCA)与天然粗集料(Natural Coarse Aggregate,文中简称NCA)的各项性能指标,重点研究了再生集料在基层中的应用,尝试性的研究了再生粗集料在混凝土中的应用。研究认为,旧道面板再生粗集料的技术性能指标可以满足机场场道工程垫层、基层及普通混凝土所用集料规范要求。通过华北两个机场(文中简称G工程、Y工程)的应用情况来看,旧道面板再生粗集料在机场场道工程中的利用是可行的,同时在节能环保和经济效益方面实现了双重突破。     

Structural efficiency assessment of regional airports: Lessons from India

This study focuses on the structural efficiency of 42 Indian regional airports over five years from 2014 to 2019. A two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to assess the structural efficiencies of airports. We find that distance to the closest airport, distance from the city centre, per capita income, accessibility and profitability of the airport significantly impact the structural efficiency scores. We also calculate the productivity growth of the sample airports over five years using the Malmquist Productivity Index. Airport productivity rankings and sources of inefficiency provide airport authorities and policymakers with valuable insights into the potential for improvement.     

The market size of a city-pair route at an airport

A model is developed for estimating the size of the market for a city-pair route at an airport from both the demand and supply sides of air transportation. The average airport access cost, average passenger delay cost, and average airline operating cost all either increase or decrease with an increase in the market size of a city-pair route at an airport, so the optimum market size can be determined from trade-offs among these costs. A nonlinear mathematical programming problem is formulated to determine the optimal number of passengers, the local service area of a city-pair market and to perform sensitivity analyses. The results show that long-haul services ought to be concentrated in one large airport, while short-haul services might be dispersed among many small airports. Improvements in the technology of the airport access mode or increases in the average income of the cities served can expand the market size and service area, but at a declining expansion rate. In metropolitan areas with high population density, airlines can operate more efficiently and distribute air services among more airports. City-pair markets with stable passenger demand, or markets served by airlines with efficient scheduling technology are shown to exhibit high cost efficiencies.     

Internalizing airport congestion

The problem of airport congestion is treated in the literature analogously to road congestion. However, the phenomenon is different, because entry at airports is not random. Flight delays are a consequence of system overload, even though airport systems operate on carefully planned schedules. Besides uncontrolled for events (e.g. bad weather), airport congestion is a result of decisions of airports’ managers and airlines. These agents are interested in using airport infrastructure too close to its maximum capacity, ignoring the negative impacts caused on passengers. Another characteristic of airport congestion is that it exhibits a cascade-type of effect not present in road congestion: one single delay may generate an impact which accumulates over the next hours. Therefore, congestion pricing should not be identified with peak-pricing as a solution for the problem experienced at airports. In this paper, a theoretical model shows that airport congestion pricing should pursue the internalization of externalities generated by agents’ decisions. Congestion fees charged on airports and airlines should reflect the external costs imposed on each other and on passengers, when they respectively decide the number of slots offered and the tightness of flight schedules.