Finite time thermal analysis of ground integrated‐collector‐storage solar water heater with transparent insulation cover

A transparent honeycomb insulated ground integrated‐collector‐storage system has been investigated for the engineering design and solar thermal performance. The system consists of a network of pipes embedded in a concrete slab whose surface is blackened and covered with transparent insulation materials (TIM) and the bottom is insulated by the ground. Heat may be retrieved by the flow of fluid through the pipe. A simulation model has been developed; it involves the solution of the two‐dimensional transient heat conduction equation using an explicit finite‐difference scheme. Computational results have been used to determine the effect of such governing parameters as depth as well as pitch of the pipe network and collector material on the thermal performance of the system. The pipe network depth of 10 cm and the TIM cover made of 5 cm compounded honeycomb seem suitable for the proposed system. Solar gain (solar collection efficiency of 30–50% corresponding to collection temperature of 40–60°C) and the diurnal heat storage characteristics of the system are found to be of the right order of magnitude for solar water heating applications. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超细纤维保温水箱与聚氨酯保温水箱热性能比较

超细生态纤维是一种对生物体和环境无害的无机非金属材料。本文通过对该种纤维保温的水箱与目前太阳热水器常用的聚氨酯发泡保温的水箱的热性能进行研究后认为，在同样水箱结构下，两种水箱热性能几乎相当。但生态纤维的耐高温、易降解及制做过程无毒的特性是聚氨酯所不可比拟的。     

带透明蜂窝盖板和辅助反射面的整体式太阳热水器

作者对一种带透明蜂窝盖板和辅助反射面的整体式(ICS)太阳热水器进行了实验研究。该太阳热水器采用截面为三角形的水箱，水箱背面和侧面用30mm聚苯乙烯泡沫隔热，其它两个面为吸热面。底吸热面利用辅助反射面加热，而上吸热面则覆盖5cm的透明蜂窝及2mm的有机玻璃板。这种设计加大了ICS太阳热水器的吸热面积，同时也降低了吸热面向环境的热损。对实验结果的分析表明，该热水器的热效率不高，但保温性能很好。     

Solar thermal analysis of transparent-honeycomb-insulated ground collector-storage system

This paper presents an analysis of heat transfer processes in a transparent-honeycomb-insulated solar collector made of such low-energy materials as soil/sand/concrete, which also acts as a heat store. The analysis assumes solar intensity and atmospheric temperature as well as the resultant temperature in the ground and concrete/sand region to be periodic. An explicit expression for the heat flux that can be extracted at constant mass flow rate and at constant heat extraction temperature is derived. Numerical computations corresponding to typical months of June, September and December at New Delhi are presented. The solar conversion efficiency of 30–60% corresponding to a collection temperature in the range of 40–70°C is reported. The solar gain and heat storage characteristics of the proposed system are found to be of the right order of magnitude for solar water-heating applications.     

高效双通道型Trombe墙冬季热性能分析

针对传统Trombe墙冬季供热效率不高、夏季过热等问题,提出一种高效双通道型Trombe墙系统,对该系统在冬季时的热性能和采暖效果进行实验研究。结果表明,高效双通道型Trombe墙热效率是传统Trombe墙的1.6~3.4倍,室内温度相比于传统Trombe墙可升高0.7~5.7 ℃。其中,当总通道厚度为0.5 m,外通道为0.2 m,隔热板形状为凹凸板时热效率最高为31%,此时室内温度可达21.7 ℃。此外,在实验研究基础上建立高效双通道型Trombe墙的传热模型,并验证其准确性。     

真空管太阳能热水器冬季热性能研究

本文根据GB／T19141—2003,设计建立了一套太阳能热水器热性能的测试系统,并用此系统对天津市场上销售的16种太阳能热水器产品进行了冬季的热性能测试,并分析了其主要的热性能指标,日有用得热量和平均热损因数。     

直膨式太阳能热泵热水器热力性能分析及优化设计

针对"直膨式太阳能热泵热水器"750W实验样机(系统A)进行了过渡季节运行工况下的实验研究,根据实验数据计算出系统供热性能系数、太阳集热效率和各主要部件的有效能损失系数以及系统的有效能效率等热力学指标,对各部件可加以完善的潜力做了量化分析,为整套系统的进一步优化设计提供参考。根据分析结果,研制了小型化400W实验样机(系统B)并加以实验验证。通过对比分析发现,两套系统各主要部件的有效能损失以压缩机(其有效能损失系数,系统A为40%,系统B为34%)和太阳集热/蒸发器(其有效能损失系数,系统A为21%,系统B为37%)为最大,然后依次是冷凝器(其有效能损失系数,系统A为11%,系统B为8%)和热力膨胀阀(其有效能损失系数,系统A和系统B均为5%)。因此,压缩机的合理选配、集热器的优化设计是提高太阳能热泵热水器性能的关键。     

高效平板太阳能集热器盖板的热工性能实验研究

针对目前平板太阳能集热器高温下集热效率低的缺点,研究通过改善透明盖板性能来提高集热效率的方法。在实验基础上,综合各种因素,通过对比实验方法比较了中空玻璃(DG)、充氩气中空玻璃(ADG)、Low-E中空玻璃(LDG)和Low-E充氩气中空玻璃(LADG)作为盖板对太阳能集热参数和效率的影响,并研究了上述4种盖板对太阳辐射的透射率和保温性能的不同影响。     

蜂窝热管平板式太阳能热水器的实验研究

把蜂窝技术和热管技术结合起来应用于平板式太阳能热水器，可以大大减少热损失，提高日平均效率。经多次实验证明，蜂窝热管平板式太阳能热水器的日平均效率可以比真空管式热水器的高，热损系数则要小很多，具有推广应用价值。     

复合透明蜂窝结构中辐射－导热耦合传热的简化分析

在假定蜂窝壁具有漫发射和漫反射性质的基础上,对复合蜂窝中的辐射－导热耦合传热问题进行了分析,讨论了蜂窝壁发射率、吸热板发射率、蜂窝的高宽比等参数对热损的影响,并与实验值进行了对比分析。该方法可用于蜂窝热设计的简化工程计算。     

双面受热太阳能平板接收器热性能模拟研究

为提高太阳能光热转换效率,建立同轴非完整型平移抛物面聚光系统。分析双面受热平板接收器的能量传递及转换过程,采用热阻网络图的分析方法建立平板接收器的理论计算模型。利用MATLAB 7.0软件编制程序实现了平板接收器的热性能计算。在结构参数、环境参数和进口参数确定的情况下,当吸热板导热系数、厚度和吸热板表面发射率变化时,分析温度、能量及热性能的变化趋势。研究表明：导热系数和吸热板厚度达到一定数值,继续增加对于提高接收器的热性能基本没有太大意义;吸热板表面发射率对热性能影响显著,采用发射率为0.1的选择性涂层可实现能量最大转化;环境温度在0～30 ℃变化时,双面受热比单面受热的热效率提高了8.18%～37.01%。     

整体式太阳热水器在寒冷气候条件下的冻结厚度与热损系数U值及水层深度的关系

利用一维焓法建立了第三类边界条件下有限厚度的水存在自然对流时的冻结过程的理论模型，并利用类似于反问题的方法。结合计算和实验的手段确定了热损系数U值，所建模型和计算结果通过不同的实验条件得到了验证。该模型可用来确定在寒冷气候条件下整体式（ICS）太阳热水器的冻结厚度与热损系数U值及水层深度的关系，并根据国内一些城市冬季的气象参数，给出了典型的计算结果，所得结果可对ICS太阳热水器的设计及对透明盖板材料和选择性涂层的选用提供参考。     

Review on solar water heater collector and thermal energy performance of circulating pipe

The effect of thermal conductivity of the absorber plate of a solar collector on the performance of a thermo-siphon solar water heater is found by using the alternative simulation system. The system is assumed to be supplied of hot water at 50 °C and 80 °C whereas both are used in domestic and industrial purposes, respectively. According to the Rand distribution profile 50, 125 and 250 l of hot water are consumed daily. The condition shows that the annual solar fraction of the planning functions and the collector's configuration factors are strongly dependent on the thermal conductivity for its lower values. The less dependence is observed beyond a thermal conductivity of 50 W/m °C for the solar improper fraction and above 100 W/m °C for the configuration factors. In addition, the number of air ducts and total mass flow rate are taken to show that higher collector efficiency is obtained under the suitable designing and operating parameters. Different heat transfer mechanisms, adding natural convection, vapor boiling, cell nucleus boiling and film wise condensation is observed in the thermo-siphon solar water heater with various solar radiations. From this study, it is found that the solar water heater with a siphon system achieves system characteristic efficiency of 18% higher than that of the conventional system by reducing heat loss for the thermo-siphon solar water heater.     

真空玻璃盖板热管平板式太阳能热水器的研制

介绍了研究成功的采用真空玻璃盖板的热管平板式太阳能热水器,测试了其性能,并与全玻璃真空管太阳能热水器和蜂窝热管太阳能热水器进行了比较。实测得到,真空玻璃盖板热管平板式热水器的日平均效率比后两分别大13．3％和6．5％,平均热损系数比后两分别小52．5％和21．5％。真空玻璃盖板平板式太阳能热水器性能优越,有很好的应用前景。     

家用太阳热水器热性能试验方法及标准探讨

对家用太阳热水器热性能的评价方法进行了分析,国标中采用“平均日效率”反映热水器的热性能有一定局限性,“平均热损系数”定义的物理含义不清晰,数学表达式的推导也值得商榷。国标中提出的测定水箱平均水温的方法对不同种类的热水器及不同种类的水箱会带来不易控制的误差。