共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)研究将有机物结构特征表征方法和各种统计建模工具相结合,研究有机物结构与其各种性质之间的内在关系.它不仅可以揭示物质性质与分子结构之间的定量函数关系,而且为工程上提供预测有机物性质的有效方法,因此在众多领域得到了广泛的应用.阐述了QSPR研究基本原理,论述了其在闪点、自燃点、爆炸极限等化学物质燃烧特性预测中的应用和进展,并对各性质的不同预测模型进行了比较,分析其优缺点及适用范围.对实验样本设计、分子结构表征及建模方法选择等的研究现状和发展趋势进行了讨论,提出了QSPR在安全科学研究中的应用前景和发展方向. 相似文献
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纯物质的闪点一般可通过查取文献获得,混合物的闪点则很难查到。由于混合液体在实际生产中有着广泛的应用,因此,掌握混合液体闪点的变化规律对于其在生产、储存和使用场所中的风险评估有重要意义。文中采用MINIFLASH FLPL全自动闪点测试仪,对由16种纯物质(包含醇类、酸类、酯类、酮类、醚类、烷烃类)组成的14组不同组成和配比的二元混合液体(含完全互溶和部分互溶)的闪点进行实验研究。用图示法分析了不同研究体系的二元有机混合物其闪点随配比和组分变化的经验规律,将二元混合液体闪点的变化规律大致划分为4类,并对每一类的闪点变化特征和机理进行了探讨。研究结果不仅为工程上提供了二元混合液体闪点的可靠实验数据,还为混合液体在生产、储存和使用过程中的火灾风险评估与安全管理提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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介绍了涂料生产中常用溶剂的闪点,分析了国内外涂料闪点的安全限量标准,并提出了控制涂料闪点的建议,以期为规范我国涂料的生产和使用,以及为涂料闪点限量标准的制修订提供参考。 相似文献
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Alexander B. Morgan 《火与材料》2021,45(1):68-80
The flammability of flexible polyurethane foam has been well studied to date, via smoldering and flaming ignition. Its contribution to fire loss in the United States has also been well documented, as the flammability of this material will contribute to large fire events when not protected from ignition and heat sources. Despite this known fire risk, fire protection approaches for polyurethane foam are being questioned in regards to fire protection performance, as well as proven and hypothesized concerns over health impacts before and after fire events. The flammability of flexible polyurethane foam in furniture and bedding is a clear and present danger that must be addressed, and this article discusses the current available technologies for fire protection, with pros and cons of these approaches. Known physical and chemical behavior of these foams in fires is discussed, as well as how this behavior contributes to large fire events. Finally, issues that still need further research and information to definitively address the polyurethane foam flammability in the United States is discussed. 相似文献
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Guzhong Chen Zhen Song Zhiwen Qi Kai Sundmacher 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2023,69(10):e18185
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介绍FP565G2全自动TAG闭口闪点测试仪的工作原理及测定方法,通过使用FP56 5G2自动闭口闪点仪对已知闭口闪点的样品进行测定,分析自动闪点仪使用的影响因素并对操作进行改进。将FP565G2测定结果与现行闭口闪点的国家标准GB/T261的测试结果进行比较,FP565G2自动闭口闪点仪重复性要求和精确度要求都在标准方法允许的误差范围内。 相似文献
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This paper gives a brief summary of recent studies using heat of combustion data to estimate or assess some threshold flammability properties of materials. Heat of combustion data can be used to estimate the lower flammability limit, upper flammability limit and minimum oxygen concentration for flame propagation of organic and organosilicon compounds. The data can also be used to assess the threshold oxygen pressure for the combustion of metal alloys in high‐pressure oxygen environments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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P. Isken C. Dippel R. Schmitz R.W. Schmitz M. Kunze S. Passerini M. Winter A. Lex-Balducci 《Electrochimica acta》2011,(22):7530
The high flash point solvent adiponitrile (ADN) was investigated as co-solvent with ethylene carbonate (EC) for use as lithium-ion battery electrolyte. The flash point of this solvent mixture was more than 110 °C higher than that of conventional electrolyte solutions involving volatile linear carbonate components, such as diethyl carbonate (DEC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The electrolyte based on EC:ADN (1:1 wt) with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) displayed a conductivity of 2.6 mS cm−1 and no aluminum corrosion. In addition, it showed higher anodic stability on a Pt electrode than the standard electrolyte 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in EC:DEC (3:7 wt). Graphite/Li half cells using this electrolyte showed excellent rate capability up to 5C and good cycling stability (more than 98% capacity retention after 50 cycles at 1C). Additionally, the electrolyte was investigated in NCM/Li half cells. The cells were able to reach a capacity of 104 mAh g−1 at 5C and capacity retention of more than 97% after 50 cycles. These results show that an electrolyte with a considerably increased flash point with respect to common electrolyte systems comprising linear carbonates, could be realized without any negative effects on the electrochemical performance in Li-half cells. 相似文献
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介绍了一种自主研发的基于气相色谱模拟蒸馏技术的新型油品质量在线分析系统.重点讨论在线分析系统的构成、在线色谱模拟蒸馏分析仪的结构和数据处理系统的设计.利用该在线分析系统,可共享在线色谱模拟蒸馏分析仪的硬件平台,实现油品馏程、闪点等多种质量参数的在线检测.该系统已经成功应用于炼油厂常减压装置. 相似文献
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依据JJF1384-2012校准规范,使用闪点标准物质测定克利夫兰开口杯法闪点仪闪点示值误差,在此基础上对其示值误差测量结果不确定度进行了评估,分析了各项不确定度分量的来源,评定了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,并对仪器测量范围内校准测量能力(CMC)表示方法进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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Fires that involve upholstered furniture frequently begin as a smoldering combustion and, with time, transition to a flaming combustion, which sharply increases the level of hazard. Therefore, understanding how the compositions of the primary flammable components of the furniture, ie, flexible foam and upholstery fabric, affect this transition is important for fire safety considerations. In the current study, an experiment was designed to observe this transition using a sample consisting of 30 × 15 × 6 cm3 rectangular foam block covered with 30 × 15 cm2 piece of fabric. For a representative system of 1.8 lb/ft3 (29 kg/m3) flexible polyurethane foam and 11 oz (0.37 kg/m2) cotton fabric, 0.69 transition probability was measured. This probability decreased by a factor of 4 when a small amount of phosphorus‐based flame retardant, Fyrol® HF‐9, was added to the foam. The transition to flaming was speculated to be associated with the formation of adjacent pyrolysis and smoldering regions within the foam. The pyrolysis region, dominated by anaerobic decomposition, provided gaseous fuel, the ignition of which resulted in the transition. The smoldering region, dominated by oxidation reactions at the solid‐gas interface, generated the heat necessary to maintain the pyrolysis process and ignite the gaseous fuel. 相似文献
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Cotton fleece is not able to meet the federal flammability standard for general apparels (CFR 1610) without flame retardant treatment. Consequently, cotton fleece is not available in the market in spite of high demands. In our previous research, we studied the application of a hydroxyl‐functional organophosphorus oligomer as a flame retardant finishing agent for cotton fleece. In this research, we investigated the use of aluminum hydroxyphosphate (AHP) formed in situ on cotton by the reaction of aluminum sulfate and sodium phosphates to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece. We found that the AHP formed on cotton is effective in reducing the cotton fleece's flammability from “Class 3” to “Class 1.” Elemental analysis of aluminum and phosphorus in the AHP shows that the mole ratio of Al/P changes as the pH value of the sodium phosphates solution changes. The pH of the sodium phosphate solutions also affect the quantity of AHP formed on the cotton fleece. The treated cotton fleece retains “Class 1” flammability after one home laundering or the combination of dry‐cleaning and hand washing procedures. The treatment increases the whiteness of the cotton fleece whereas it reduces its bursting strength. The cotton fleece thus treated is also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献