果胶酶在磁性复合载体上的固定化及其酶学性质

通过Fe3O4磁核与海藻酸钠明胶制备磁性复合载体,戊二醛交联后协同对果胶酶进行固定化,并研究固定化酶的酶学性质。利用正交实验优化固定化酶的制备条件,比较研究了固定化酶与溶液酶的酶学性质。结果表明:在Fe2+(5mol/L)∶Fe3+(5mol/L)体积比为0.75∶1的溶液中,制备Fe3O4磁核;3.5%海藻酸钠与3.0%明胶以2.5∶1的体积比,加入3.0mg/m L Fe3O4磁核量,在体积分数4.0%的戊二醛中交联2.5h;以每克载体加入20mg果胶酶,p H4.0下固定60min,制备的固定化果胶酶活力回收率可达78.69%。固定化果胶酶最适p H为4.0,在p H3.0~7.0内稳定;最适温度50℃,在20~50℃具有较好的热稳定性;表观米氏常数Kmapp为3.162mg/m L;重复使用10次后,酶活力还剩51%,4℃下储存10d,酶活力还保留81%。说明以戊二醛交联磁性海藻酸钠明胶为复合载体制备的固定化果胶酶,机械强度大、弹性好,酶活力回收率高,操作稳定性好。     

果胶酶在壳聚糖上的固定化研究

本文以壳聚糖为载体，以戊二醛为交联剂，研究了果胶酶的固定化，分析了戊二醛浓度、给酶量、温度对酶固定化的影响。同时对固定化后的酶促作用条件（最适pH、温度）、米氏常数、半衰期等理化性质进行了初步测定，结果表明，在3％戊二醛，0．1mg/g湿壳聚糖的给酶量，5℃条件下，果胶酶固定化的固定率较高。酶促特性研究表明，固定化果胶酶最适温度范围较非固定化果胶酶大，最适pH和表观Km均有所下降，在4℃条件下,固定化果胶酶的半衰期约为30d。     

明胶载体固定化木聚糖酶技术的研究

以明胶为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用包埋-交联法制备固定化木聚糖酶,探讨明胶浓度、戊二醛体积分数、交联时间和固定化时间对固定化酶相对酶活力的影响.通过正交实验确定木聚糖酶的最佳固定化条件,比较固定化酶与其游离酶的最适反应温度、热稳定性、最适反应pH及pH稳定性.研究发现,在明胶浓度为15％、戊二醛体积分数为4％、交联时间为lh和固定化时间为3h时,固定化酶的回收率可达72.56％,同时固定化和游离酶的最适温度分别为50、60℃,最适pH分别为3.6、4.6,pH稳定性及热稳定性有显著提高.     

固定化乳糖酶的研究

用明胶作为固定化乳糖酶的载体，研究比较载体的用量、交联剂的浓度，用酶量、制备的pH值。结果表明，选择150g／L质量浓度的明胶为载体，体积分数为0．5％的戊二醛为交联剂，用酶量为0．5g／L，在pH值为7．2．混和搅拌时间为3min的条件下制备固定化果胶酶．其酶活力回收率可达78．12％，重复回收使用7次后，酶活力还可以保留75％以上，是乳糖酶固定化的一种较好的方法。     

明胶载体固定化乙醇脱氢酶技术研究

以明胶为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用包埋-交联联用法制备了明胶固定化乙醇脱氢酶。结果表明:以15%明胶为载体、4%戊二醛为交联剂、1g明胶固定1mL乙醇脱氢酶制备的固定化酶,其酶活力回收率达52.47%,所得固定化乙醇脱氢酶连续使用10次后相对活力为52.89%。     

壳聚精固定胰蛋白酶的研究

以自制壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂将胰蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在30℃下处理载体8h,加10ml酶液（0．3mg／ml,pH7．0）固定12h以上,活力回收率达67％－75％。固定化酶的表观米氏常数（酪蛋白）k’m=22．22mg／ml,而游离酶k’m=4.17mg／ml;固定化酶最适温度为80℃,比游离酶提高了30℃;固定化最适pH值为7．5,而游离酶为8．0;固定化酶的贮存稳定性很好,二个多月重复使用,酶活力未见明显下降。     

底物印迹技术对双重固定化果胶酶的影响

用壳聚糖微球作为载体,戊二醛交联后通过底物印迹法固定化果胶酶,并对固定化条件和酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明:以柑橘果胶S(半乳糖醛酸≥74%)和0.05%的戊二醛作为底物和交联剂,在20 m L果胶酶液中加入1 m L柑橘果胶S,50℃反应8 min进行印迹后吸附,固定化果胶酶活力回收率达到49.77%。以柑橘果胶S为底物,在pH4.0和50℃条件下,底物印迹制备的固定化果胶酶表观米氏常数Km为7.854 mg/m L;最适反应温度提高为60℃;最适反应pH为3.5,在pH3.0~5.0内稳定;温度稳定性和酸碱稳定性有显著的提高;重复使用6次后,相对酶活剩余68.79%。底物印迹技术可以提高双重固定化果胶酶的底物亲和性和稳定性。     

固定化胰蛋白酶水解花生蛋白制备多肽的研究

以海藻酸钠为载体,戊二醛为交联剂固定化胰蛋白酶,考察固定化工艺的选择、固定化酶水解花生蛋白的优化条件及固定化酶的稳定性。结果表明：海藻酸钠固定化胰蛋白酶的最佳条件为：海藻酸钠浓度3％、加酶量4％、戊二醛浓度3％、氯化钙浓度0．2mol／L。此条件下酶活力回收率为50．34％。水解花生蛋白的最佳条件为：固液化1：20、pH7．5、温度60℃、时间6h、加酶量5％,此条件下氨基氮含量最高为1．57mg／ml。固定化酶重复使用7次,酶活力仍保持50％以上。     

壳聚糖固定胰蛋白酶的研究

以自制壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂将胰蛋白酶固定化。５％戊二醛在３０℃下处理载体８ｈ,加１０ｍｌ酶液固定１２ｈ以上,活力回收率达６７－７５％,固定化酶的表观米氏常数ｋｍ＝２２．２２ｍｇ／ｍｌ,耐游离酶ｋｍ＝４．１７ｍｇ／ｍｌ;固定化酶最适温度为８０℃,比游离酶提高了３０℃,固定化最适ＰＨ值为７．５,而游离酶麦的贮存稳定性很好,二个多月重复使用,酶活力未明显下降。     

硅胶固定化胰蛋白酶的工艺及特性研究

以硅胶为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,进行了胰蛋白酶固定化的研究.以光度比色法测定蛋白酶活力为指标,优化了戊二醛浓度、pH和酶用量等固定化参数,研究了固定化酶的基本特性、最适作用温度和pH及其对酪蛋白的酶解.结果表明:经优化,制备功能化载体的戊二醛最适浓度为1%,固定化pH为8.0,酶与载体比例为50mg/g.固定化胰蛋白酶比活力为4.89×105U/g,最适作用温度和pH范围分别为60℃和6.0～10.0.50℃水解酪蛋白,水解60min,重复使用8次,回收酶活力约为90%.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press