鱼胶原蛋白肽对高脂膳食小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响

目的：研究鱼胶原蛋白肽（fish collagen peptides,FCPs）对高脂膳食（high-fat diet,HFD）小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响。方法：54?只C57BL/6雄性小鼠按体质量随机分为正常膳食组（CON）、HFD组（HF）和FCPs干预HFD组（PHF）。每周记录各组小鼠体质量,并按体质量把每组小鼠随机均分为两批,分别在第11和22周宰杀,测定采食量、脂肪表观消化率;肝脏中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）含量;肝脏脂代谢相关基因乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1、脂肪酸合成酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c、胆固醇7α-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1,CYP7A1）、过氧化物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPARα）和肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1（carnitine palmity1 transferase 1,CPT1）的mRNA表达水平,肝脏氧化还原状态相关指标活性氧自由基（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、丙二醛、总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力和还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽的水平。结果：第22周时,与HF组相比,PHF组小鼠的采食量、脂肪和能量摄入显著增加（P＜0.05）,肝脏的TG、FFA、脂肪空泡和脂肪浸润面积比明显降低（P＜0.05）,脂肪分解关键基因CYP7A1、PPARα和CPT1的mRNA表达水平显著上调（P＜0.05）,肝脏的ROS水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,T-AOC水平和GSH-Px活力显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：质量分数1% FCPs干预可能通过改善HFD小鼠肝脏氧化还原状态,促进肝脏脂肪分解代谢,起到减少小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积和改善脂代谢。     

Anti‐obesity effect of Liupao tea extract by modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice

Liupao tea (LPT) is traditional dark Chinese tea. The effect of LPT extract on high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice was investigated systematically. The results showed that LPT extract could reduce body weight and significantly alleviate liver damage and fat accumulation. LPT could also decrease the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and increase the level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in the liver. It also decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 and increased the serum levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐10 and IL‐4. Moreover, LPT improved the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Moreover, LPT could upregulate the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1), and cholesterol 7 alpha‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and downregulate those of PPAR‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (C/EBP‐α) in the liver. It also increased the mRNA expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), CAT, gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), and GSH‐Px. The components of LPT extract include catechin, rutin, taxifolin, and astragalin, which possibly have a wide range of biological activities. In conclusion, our work verified that LPT extract possessed an anti‐obesity effect and alleviated obesity‐related symptoms, including lipid metabolism disorder, chronic low‐grade inflammation, and liver damage, by modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.     

Metabolic response of soy pinitol on lipid‐lowering,antioxidant and hepatoprotective action in hamsters fed‐high fat and high cholesterol diet

This study was performed to investigate the lipid‐lowering, antioxidant, and hepato‐protective effects of pinitol in dose‐dependent manners in hamsters fed‐high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) diet. Pinitol supplementation (0.05%, P‐I and 0.1% pinitol, P‐II) with an HFHC diet (10% coconut oil plus 0.2% cholesterol) for 10 wks significantly lowered the white adipose tissue weights, hepatic lipid droplets, plasma glucose, total‐cholesterol, nonHDL‐cholesterol, total‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio, and hepatic lipid levels. Whereas it significantly increased the brown adipose tissue weight, plasma HDL‐cholesterol, apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I) concentrations, paraoxonase (PON) activity, and/or mRNA expression, compared to the HFHC control group. Plasma insulin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in both P‐I and P‐II groups than the HFHC control group. Dietary pinitol significantly inhibited hepatic HMG‐CoA reductase, acyl‐CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activities without altering their mRNA expressions compared to the control group. Pinitol significantly elevated the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas it also significantly reduced the hepatic lipid peroxide and H₂O₂ production. Accordingly, these results indicate that both 0.05 and 0.1% pinitol supplementation may improve the lipid and antioxidant metabolism in HFHC diet‐fed hamsters. In particular, pinitol supplementation was very effective on the elevation of antiatherogenic factors, including plasma HDL‐cholesterol, apo A‐I, adiponectin, and PON.     

Oat attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver and obesity via inhibiting lipogenesis in high fat-fed rat

Obesity accompanied with metabolic disorder is often complicated by hepatic regulations of lipid metabolism and lipoprotein recruitment. Recent reports have suggested that oat has metabolic-regulating effect. In this study, we examined whether oat could improve obesity, body fat, serum parameters and liver lipid metabolism. In high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed rats, oat effectively reduced body weight and fat, and decreased food efficiency but not appetite. Oat lowered serum glucose, free-fatty-acid (FFA), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, and LDL-C/HDL-C elevated by HFD, and dose-dependently reduced hepatic TG and cholesterol. Thirty percent oat markedly reduced lipid synthesis biomarkers FAS, GPAT and HMG CoA reductase, while 15% and 30% oat stimulated expressions of oxidation markers PPARα, CPT-1 and phosphorylated-AMPK. Oat increased LDL receptor, being beneficial for serum lipid-lowering. Thus, Oat could act as adjuvant therapeutics for metabolic disorders via attenuating obesity, body fat, and improving serum parameters with metabolic regulation and lipid clearance of liver.     

Dill seed extract improves abnormalities in lipid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) activation in diabetic obese mice

Dill, a small annual herb, is widely used as a flavoring agent in dishes including salads. It has been demonstrated that dill extract and its essential oil show hypolipidemic effects in rats. However, the mechanism of these effects has not been elucidated yet. We found that dill seed extract (DSE) activated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α), an indispensable regulator for hepatic lipid metabolism, by luciferase assay. Thus, we performed DSE feeding experiments using diabetic obese model KK‐Ay mice to examine the effects of DSE on PPAR‐α activation in vivo. A 4‐week feeding of DSE contained in a high‐fat diet decreased plasma triacylglyceride and glucose levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid oxidation‐related genes in the liver. In addition, the DSE feeding as well as bezafibrate (a PPAR‐α potent agonist) feeding increased oxygen consumption rate and rectal temperature. These results indicate that DSE suppresses high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemia through hepatic PPAR‐α activation.     

大豆不溶性膳食纤维对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用

目的:研究大豆不溶性膳食纤维(Soybean insoluble dietary fiber,SIDF)对高脂饮食(High fat diet,HFD)诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用及其机理。方法:将50只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常饮食对照组(Normal diet,ND)、高脂饮食对照组(HFD)和大豆不溶性膳食纤维低(Low-dose soybean insoluble dietary fiber,LSIDF)(250 mg/kg BW/d)、中(Middle-dose soybean insoluble dietary fiber,MSIDF)(500 mg/kg BW/d)、高剂量组(High-dose soybean insoluble dietary fiber,HSIDF)(1 g/kg BW/d),ND组饲喂正常饲料,其余各组饲喂高脂饲料,连续喂养20周。实验结束后统计体质量、肝脏和脂肪湿质量,制作肝脏组织病理切片,测定血清及肝脏脂质水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定小鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关基因表达水平。结果:与HFD组比,SIDF各剂量组可显著减缓小鼠体重增加,降低其血清和肝脏中总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)水平(P<0.05),并且HSIDF组效果优于LSIDF、MSIDF组;小鼠肝脏指数(P<0.05)和脂肪系数(P<0.001)显著降低,其中MSIDF和HSIDF组小鼠腹部脂肪(P<0.001)和肾周脂肪重量(P<0.001)显著减少;HSIDF组显著下调小鼠肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶(Fatty acid synthase,FAS)、二酰甘油酰基转移酶1(Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1,DGAT1)、二酰甘油酰基转移酶2(Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2,DGAT2)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(Stearyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase-1,SCD1)基因表达水平(P<0.05),同时上调过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α,PPARα)、肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1a(Carnitine palmtoyl transferase-1a,CPT1a)基因表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:IDFS对HFD诱导小鼠肥胖具有预防作用,可能与减少脂质合成,加快脂肪酸氧化有关,其可作为一种潜在的膳食补充剂。     

蛋氨酸限制和胶原蛋白肽对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢和氧化应激的联合作用

目的：研究饮食蛋氨酸限制（methionine restriction,MR）和胶原蛋白肽对高脂饮食小鼠肝脏脂代谢和氧 化应激的联合作用。方法：将36 只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为4 组：低脂正常饮食组（ND组）、高脂饮食组（HF 组）、高脂蛋氨酸限制组（MR组）及高脂蛋氨酸限制和胶原蛋白肽联合作用组（PMR组）。每周监测体质量,22 周实验结束,测定血浆中的甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固 醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）含量;测定肝脏中的TG和TC含量;测定肝脏和血浆 中的总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px） 活力和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,qPCR）测定脂代谢相关基因固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c（sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c,SREBP1c）、脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthase,FAS）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetyl CoA-carboxylase 1, ACC-1）、胆固醇7α-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1）、对肉碱酰基转移酶1（carnitine palmityl transferase 1,CPT1）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPARα）的表 达。结果：与HF组相比,MR组小鼠体质量、肝脏中的TG和TC含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）;肝脏脂肪合成相关基 因FAS和SREBP1c极显著下调（P＜0.01）,ACC-1显著下调（P＜0.05）;脂肪分解相关基因CYP7A1和PPARα极显 著上调（P＜0.01）,CPT1显著上调（P＜0.05）;肝脏中T-AOC和GSH-Px活力显著增加（P＜0.05）,MDA和活 性氧含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）;血浆中T-AOC和GSH-Px活力极显著增加（P＜0.01）,血浆MDA和全血活性氧 含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）。与MR组相比,PMR组体质量和肝脏中的TG含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）;血浆中的 TG和TC含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;脂肪合成相关基因SREBP1c和ACC-1显著下调（P＜0.05）;脂肪分解相关基因 CPT1和PPARα显著上调（P＜0.05）;肝脏GSH-Px活力显著增加（P＜0.05）。结论：蛋氨酸限制饮食能显著降低 高脂饮食小鼠血脂和肝脏脂肪积累,增强肝脏抗氧化能力,且蛋氨酸限制与胶原蛋白肽的联合作用更能显著降低高 脂饮食小鼠血脂和肝脏脂肪积累,增强肝脏抗氧化能力。     

Hepatoprotective effect of chicory (Chicorium intybus) root extract against orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats

Effect of chicory root extract (CRE) on the triglyceride metabolism in orotic acid (OA)-fed rats was investigated. Liver weights and hepatic triglyceride concentrations were markedly increased by OA-feeding rats. These results were attributed to the significant increase in the activity of hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and ratelimiting enzymes for triglyceride synthesis. Supplementation of CRE to OA did significantly reduced the hepatic triglyceride concentrations and DGAT activity without affecting PAP activity. Furthermore, OA treatment was significantly decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) and increased hepatic TG concentrations and reduced microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity without diminishing MTP mRNA expression in rats. However, hepatic TG concentration was significantly decreased and MTP activity was also reduced without diminishing MTP mRNA expression in rats fed simultaneous with OA and CRE diet. The hepatocytes in the OA-feeding rats contained numerous largely fat droplets, but CRE feeding prevented the OA-induced fat accumulation. Present study demonstrates that CRE reduces the liver TG accumulation by reduced DGAT and MTP activities without diminishing MTP mRNA expression by OA administration.     

刺梨果酒对高脂诱导肥胖小鼠脂代谢的影响

目的:研究刺梨果酒对高脂诱导小鼠肥胖发生过程预防效果及其机理.方法:将50只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、刺梨果酒低剂量组(0.25 mL/80 g)、中剂量组(0.5 mL/80 g)和高剂量组(1 mL/80 g),每组10只,实验时间8周.实验结束后,测定小鼠脏器指数、血清及肝脏脂代谢相关生理生化指标;应用qRT-...     

芒果苷改善2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的作用及机制研究

为探讨芒果苷改善大鼠2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）糖脂代谢紊乱的作用及潜在机制,将T2DM大鼠随机分为模型对照组、二甲双胍组（100 mg/kg）及芒果苷低、中、高剂量组（50、100、200 mg/kg）,另设正常对照组,10只/组;灌胃给药,1次/d,持续8周。评价空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose,FBG）、空腹胰岛素（fasting insulin,FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR）及血清游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）等指标,并检测肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）及胰岛素受体底物1（insulin receptor substrate 1,IRS-1）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,Akt）/葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glucose transporter 4,Glut4）信号通路相关mRNA和蛋白表达。结果发现,芒果苷可以改善T2DM大鼠毛色、活动及精神等一般状态,减缓体重下降趋势;与模型对照组比较,经芒果苷治疗8周后,各治疗组大鼠FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR及血清FFA、TG、TC含量均显著或极显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;各治疗组大鼠肝组织GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活力显著或极显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型对照组比较,芒果苷低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝组织IRS-1 mRNA表达无显著差异（P>0.05）,Akt、Glut4 mRNA及p-IRS-1(Tyr)、Akt、Glut4蛋白表达显著或极显著增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而p-IRS-1(Ser)蛋白表达显著或极显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。上述结果表明,芒果苷具有改善T2DM大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的作用,该作用与抗氧化应激及调节IRS-1/Akt/Glut4信号通路有关。     

Effects of fermented barley on lipid and carnitine profiles in C57BL/6J mice

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fermented barley supplementation on blood lipid profiles, carnitine concentrations, and hepatic mRNA levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Thirty-two C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD), high fat diet plus barley supplemented group (BR), and high fat diet plus fermented barley supplemented group (BR-F). BR-F supplementations decreased total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol in serum, triglyceride (TG) in liver. Serum total carnitine (TCNE) concentrations were significantly higher in the BR-F group than HD group. BR-F supplementations significantly increased hepatic lipolysis regulating gene expression such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), whereas significantly decreased lipogenic enzyme expression such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). These results suggest that the fermented barley has anti-obesity properties.     

Evaluation of hypolipidemic effects of peanut skin-derived polyphenols in rats on Western-diet

The effect of water soluble polyphenolic extract of peanut skin (PE) was investigated for its hypolipidemic properties in rats on Western diet. Seven-weeks old Wistar rats received control diet (AIN-93G), Western diet with and without a bolus of PE five times a week for 10weeks. Group which received 300mg/kg body weight showed significantly reduced body weight and epididymal fat. Plasma and liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly reduced while faecal secretion of TG and TC was greatly increased upon PE administration. Liver mRNA expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol receptor element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) and lipid uptake genes, such as PPARγ, were decreased, while PPARα was up-regulated by administration of PE. These data suggest that administration of PE may contribute to the improved lipid homoeostasis in rats on diets high in cholesterol and lipids.     

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract supplementation improves lipid and carnitine profiles in C57BL/6J mice fed a high‐fat diet

BACKGROUND: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a non‐caloric natural‐source alternative to artificially produced sugar substitutes. This study investigated the effect of stevia extract on lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups: N‐C (normal diet and distilled water), H‐C (high‐fat diet and distilled water), H‐SC (high fat diet and sucrose, 1 mL kg^?1 per day), and H‐SV (high‐fat diet and stevia extract, 1 mL kg^?1 per day). RESULTS: Body weight gain was significantly higher in the H‐SC group than in the H‐SV group. Triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver were lower in the H‐SV group than in the H‐SC group. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were lower in the H‐SV and H‐C groups compared to the H‐SC group. The concentrations of acid‐insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) in serum were higher in the H‐SV group than in the H‐C and H‐SC groups and the acyl/free carnitine level in liver was significantly higher in the H‐SV group than in the N‐C group. These results were supported by mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism (ACO, PPARα, ACS, CPT‐I, ACC) assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the supplementation of stevia extract might have an anti‐obesity effect on high‐fat diet induced obese mice. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

山茶油对游离脂肪酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂质代谢的影响

目的:探究山茶油对游离脂肪酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂质代谢的影响。方法:首先,利用CCK8法测定不同浓度山茶油对HepG2细胞活性的影响以选定适宜浓度进行后续实验。其次,采用不同浓度山茶油对HepG2细胞进行24 h干预,再使用0.5 mmol/L游离脂肪酸处理24 h诱导建立脂肪肝细胞模型。然后,通过油红O染色法判断各组间的脂滴生成情况,并参照相关试剂盒测定各干预下细胞内脂质水平的变化情况。最后,通过qRT-PCR法测定细胞内脂质代谢相关基因的表达,以探讨山茶油调节脂质代谢的作用及其可能的机制。结果:与正常对照组相比,造模干预组细胞内的甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著升高(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05);与造模干预组相比,茶油预处理显著逆转了游离脂肪酸诱导细胞内TG、HDL-C和LDL-C含量的变化(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR结果表明,与造模干预组相比,山茶油预处理显著降低了游离脂肪酸诱导的HepG2细胞内脂肪酸转运酶(CD36)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(SREBP-1c)、脂肪酸合成酶(...     

(＋)-儿茶素与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对乙醇诱导HepG2细胞脂代谢紊乱及氧化应激的影响

目的：体外对比(＋)-儿茶素（(＋)-catechin，(＋)-Cat）与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate，EGCG）对乙醇诱导的HepG2细胞脂代谢紊乱及氧化应激的差异。方法：以HepG2细胞为实验对象，乙醇作用组（ETOH组）加入作用浓度300 mmol/L乙醇，(＋)-Cat＋ETOH组加入200 μmol/L (＋)-Cat和300 mmol/L乙醇，EGCG＋ETOH组加入200 μmol/L EGCG和300 mmol/L乙醇；另设相同浓度的(＋)-Cat组、EGCG组及正常组，各组均在37 ℃培养24 h。检测各组HepG2细胞甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活力和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）浓度；油红O染色观察各组HepG2细胞的脂滴状态；荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测各组HepG2细胞固醇调节元件结合蛋白1（sterol regulatory element binding protein 1，SREBP-1）、二脂酰甘油转移酶2（diacylglyceryltransferase 2，DGAT2）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（peroxisomal proliferators activate receptors α，PPARα）、肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1（carnityltransferase 1，CPT1）mRNA相对表达水平。结果：ETOH组细胞发生氧化应激，同时TG含量明显高于正常组、(＋)-Cat组和EGCG组；(＋)-Cat＋ETOH组和EGCG＋ETOH组细胞氧化应激反应得到明显改善，同时TG含量显著低于ETOH组（P＜0.05，P＜0.01），并且显著下调SREBP-1和DGAT2 mRNA表达量（P＜0.05，P＜0.01），上调PPARα和CPT1 mRNA表达量（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。结论：(＋)-Cat与EGCG均能改善乙醇诱导的HepG2细胞氧化应激反应和脂代谢紊乱，且EGCG的效果更好。     

Effect of Dietary Partial Hydrolysate of Phospholipids,Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Bound Lysophospholipids,on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Serum and Liver

Lysophospholipids have been recognized as potent biologically active lipid mediators. However, attention has not been paid to the health benefits of dietary partial hydrolysate of phospholipids (PH‐PL), which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐bound lysophospholipids. In this study, the effects of PH‐PL on serum and liver lipid profiles of rats upon administration of PH‐PL are demonstrated in comparison to those of fish oil (FO), which comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA‐bound triglyceride (TG). PH‐PL containing EPA and DHA was prepared via enzymatic modification of squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal that is rich in phospholipids. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone (7%), FO, and PH‐PL. The FO and PH‐PL diets had similar EPA and DHA contents. After the rats had been fed their respective diets for 28 d, their serum and liver lipid contents, fecal lipid excretion, and hepatic gene expression level were measured. The results demonstrated that compared with the soybean oil diet alone, the PH‐PL diet decreased serum and liver TG contents partially because of the enhancement of liver acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and suppression of liver fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, compared with the soybean oil diet, the PH‐PL group exhibited lower serum cholesterol content at least in part because of the reduction of hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase mRNA expression level. We found that dietary administration of EPA and DHA containing PH‐PL has a hypolipidemic effect that may help prevent the development lifestyle‐related diseases.     

Hypolipidemic Activity of Peony Seed Oil Rich in α‐Linolenic,is Mediated Through Inhibition of Lipogenesis and Upregulation of Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation

Peony seed oil (PSO) is a new resource food rich in α‐Linolenic Acid(ALA) (38.66%). The objective of this study was to assess the modulatory effect of PSO on lipid metabolism. Lard oil, safflower oil (SFO), and PSO were fed to wistar rats with 1% cholesterol in the diet for 60 d. Serum and liver lipids showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in PSO fed rats compared to lard oil and SFO fed rats. ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contents were significantly increased, whereas linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA) levels decreased in serum and liver of PSO fed rats. Feeding PSO increased ALA level and decreased n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. The hypolipidemic result of PSO indicated that PSO participated in the regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. The decreased expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins 1C (SREBP‐1c), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)‐reduced lipid synthesis; Activation of peroxisome proliferator–activator receptor (PPARα) accompanied by increase of uncoupling protein2 (UP2) and acyl‐CoA oxidase (AOX) stimulated lipid metabolism and exerted an antiobesity effect via increasing energy expenditure for prevention of obesity.     

Dietary calcium decreases plasma cholesterol by down‐regulation of intestinal Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 and microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein and up‐regulation of CYP7A1 and ABCG 5/8 in hamsters

Scope: It has been shown that calcium supplementation favorably modifies plasma lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women. The present study investigated the interaction of dietary calcium with genes of transporters, receptors and enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Methods and results: Forty‐eight ovariectomized hamsters were fed one of the four diets containing 0, 2, 6 and 8 g calcium per kg. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), and non‐high density lipoprotein cholesterol were dose‐dependently decreased, whereas high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was dose‐dependently increased with the increasing dietary calcium levels. Dietary calcium had no effect on protein mass of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein‐2 (SREBP), liver X receptor‐alpha (LXR), 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGR), LDL receptor (LDLR) and cholesterol‐7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1). However, dietary calcium up‐regulated the mRNA levels of hepatic CYP7A1 and intestinal ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCG5/8) whereas it down‐regulated the intestinal Niemann‐Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) and microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP). In addition, dietary calcium increased the activity of intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2, while it decreased plasma cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP). Conclusion: Beneficial modification of lipoprotein profile by dietary calcium was mediated by sequestering bile acid absorption and enhancing excretion of fecal cholesterol, via up‐regulation of mRNA CYP7A1 and intestinal ABCG 5/8 with down‐regulation of mRNA NPC1L1 and MTP.     

明日叶查耳酮对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠脂代谢的影响

目的：研究明日叶查耳酮和游泳运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠脂代谢的影响。方法：注射链脲佐菌素诱导成年雄性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠糖尿病模型,观察补充明日叶查耳酮、游泳运动、游泳运动结合补充明日叶查耳酮,以及阳性药物二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠血清甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（high density lipoprotein,HDL）、游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）水平的影响,以及对肝脏内脂素（visfatin）mRNA、甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶-1（glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1,GPAT-1）mRNA、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1（carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1,CPT-1）mRNA相对表达量的影响。结果：与糖尿病组比较,各干预组大鼠的TG 、TC、LDL、FFA水平显著下降,HDL水平显著升高;各干预组大鼠肝脏visfatin mRNA、GPAT-1 mRNA相对表达量显著下降;肝脏CPT-1 mRNA相对表达量则均显著升高。结论：明日叶查耳酮有很好的改善糖尿病大鼠脂代谢的能力,并且与游泳运动产生协同效果。