Sensorless speed control of nonsalient permanent-magnet synchronous motor using rotor-position-tracking PI controller

This paper presents a new velocity estimation strategy of a nonsalient permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive without a high-frequency signal injection or special pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) pattern. This approach is based on the d-axis current regulator output voltage of the drive system that has the information of rotor position error. Rotor velocity can be estimated through a rotor-position-tracking proportional-integral (PI) controller that controls the position error to zero. For zero and low-speed operation, the PI controller gains of rotor position tracking controller have a variable structure according to the estimated rotor velocity. In order to boost the bandwidth of the PI controller around zero speed, a loop recovery technique is applied to the control system. The proposed method only requires the flux linkage of the permanent magnet and is insensitive to parameter estimation error and variation. The designers can easily determine the possible operating range with a desired bandwidth and perform vector control even at low speeds. The experimental results show the satisfactory operation of the proposed sensorless algorithm under rated load conditions.     

A fuzzy self-tuning PI controller for HVDC links

This paper introduces a fuzzy logic-based tuning of the controller parameters for the rectifier side current regulator and inverter side gamma controller in a high voltage direct current (HVDC) power system. A typical point-to-point system has been taken with the detailed representation of converters, transmission links transformers and filters. The current error (and its derivative) and the gamma error (and its derivative) are used as the principal signals to adjust the proportional and integral gains of the rectifier pole controller and the inverter gamma controller, respectively, for optimum HVDC power system performance under various normal and abnormal conditions. Finally, a comparative study has been performed with and without tuning, to prove the superiority of the proposed control scheme     

Design and experimental validation of doubly salient permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for precision position control

A typical iron-core permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMSLM) suffers force ripple originated from detent force. Rare earth permanent magnets (PMs) in stationary part cause cost issue. This paper introduces a doubly salient PMLSM (DSPMLSM) which reduces force ripple and number of PMs in stationary part. A prototype DSPMLSM is made based on geometry optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) considering multiple responses combined with 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Analysis and experimental results show promising results that the proposed DSPMLSM displays low force ripple and good positionability.     

Vector control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor using AC-ACmatrix converter

This paper uses a recently proposed dqo transformation to analyze a permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) driven by a nine-switch matrix power converter. The matrix transformation used leads to a new equivalent circuit where its parameters are independent of the frequency of the other side to which the circuit is referred. From this equivalent circuit, a set of command algorithms is deduced in order to control, in an independent way, the flux and torque of the machine. It is shown that the control of the gain and the displacement power factor at either set of terminals is dependent only on the choice of the phase angle in the matrix transformation. In order to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms, a full PMSM drive has been simulated with the assumption of perfect switch behavior for the matrix power converter     

Problems associated with the direct torque control of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive and their remedies

This paper investigates problems associated with the implementation of a direct torque control (DTC) strategy for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. The DTC technique is increasingly drawing attention because of elimination of current controllers and, hence, their inherent delays, and elimination of the rotor position sensor. The latter advantage perhaps is the main impetus for considering this new approach of torque control. Problems associated with this controller, namely, the offset in the current measurements, the stator resistance variation, and the requirement of initial rotor position are addressed in this paper. Ways of mitigating of these problems are also investigated in this paper. These are evaluated with modeling and experimental studies, results of which are also presented.     

Online self-tuning ANN-based speed control of a PM DC motor

This paper presents an online self-tuning artificial-neural-network (ANN)-based speed control scheme of a permanent magnet (PM) DC motor. For precise speed control, an online training algorithm with an adaptive learning rate is introduced, rather than using fixed weights and biases of the ANN. The complete system is implemented in real time using a digital signal processor controller board (DS1102) on a laboratory PM DC motor. To validate its efficacy, the performances of the proposed ANN-based scheme are compared with a proportional-integral controller-based PM DC motor drive system under different operating conditions. The comparative results show that the ANN-based speed control scheme is robust, accurate, and insensitive to parameter variations and load disturbances     

基于模糊PI控制的开关磁阻电机调速系统的MATLAB仿真

为改善开关磁阻电机（简称SRM ）的非线性特性问题,提高开关磁阻电机调速系统（简称SRD ）的响应特性和稳定性,对 SRD 采用双闭环控制,即速度外环和电流内环。其中速度外环采用模糊 PI 控制技术,借助 MATLAB/SIMULNK对系统进行建模和仿真。将其仿真结果与常规PI仿真结果进行分析比较。结果表明基于模糊PI控制的开关磁阻电机调速系统,响应速度提高了40%,超调量减小1.2%,调节精度和稳定性都大大提高,系统震荡也明显减小。     

基于模糊自适应PI的无刷直流电机调速系统研究

针对采用传统PI控制算法的无刷直流电机(BLDCM)调速系统存在精度低、抗干扰能力弱等问题,提出一种基于初始比例值优化的模糊自适应PI控制算法。建立BLDCM转速、电流双闭环调速系统数学模型,对其转速环进行模糊自适应PI控制,并提出一种初始比例值优化的方法。应用Matlab/Simulink进行系统设计和仿真,对比传统PI、普通模糊自适应PI和优化后模糊自适应PI三种控制算法的仿真结果。结果表明,优化后的模糊自适应PI控制算法使BLDCM调速系统具有更好的动态性能,达到了较好的控制效果。     

Rotor-flux-oriented control of a single-phase induction motor drive

This paper investigates the vector control of a single-phase induction motor drive to implement low-cost systems for low-power applications. The static power converter side is implemented using a single-phase rectifier cascaded with a four-switch inverter. The vector control is based upon field orientation concepts that have been adapted for this type of machine. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the system operation     

A novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fedinduction motor drive

A novel vector control scheme for a transistor pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-inverter-fed induction motor drive is presented. The system is based on a current control loop that consists of two independent nonlinear controllers that regulate the DC (field-oriented) components of the stator current vector. Three-level hysteresis comparators are used as current controllers. The outputs of the comparators select the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors via a switching erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) table. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. Simulation and experimental results that illustrate the operation of the proposed system and performance in comparison with the other known schemes based on two-level hysteresis comparators are presented     

Phase-plane analysis of a permanent-magnet stepping motor

A method of analysing the behaviour of stepping motors using phase-plane techniques is described. This provides insight into the torque/speed characteristics of such motors and suggests a criterion for optimum switching.     

A novel CSI-fed induction motor drive

Current source inverter (CSI) fed drives are employed in high power applications. The conventional CSI drives suffer from drawbacks such as harmonic resonance, unstable operation at low speed ranges, and torque pulsation. This paper presents a novel CSI drive which overcomes all these drawbacks and results in sinusoidal motor voltage and current even with CSI switching at fundamental frequency. The proposed CSI drive uses a three-level inverter as an active filter across motor terminals replacing the bulky ac capacitors used in the conventional drive. A sensorless vector controlled CSI drive based on proposed configuration is developed. The simulation and experimental results are presented. Experimental results show that the proposed drive has stable operation even at low speeds. Comparative results show that the proposed CSI drive has improved torque ripple compared to the conventional configuration.     

基于模糊控制参数自整定的舰载雷达三轴稳定控制

在舰载雷达三轴稳定控制中,采用经典PID控制算法难以取得较高的控制精度且参数整定繁琐。本文采用了将经典PID控制与模糊控制相结合的方法,利用模糊理论进行PID参数的自动整定,并将其应用于舰载雷达三轴稳定控制中,取得了较好的控制效果。     

Speed tracking control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor withstate and load torque observer

This paper is concerned with the speed tracking control problem for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the presence of an unknown load torque disturbance. After a brief review of the mathematical model of the PMSM, a speed tracking control law using the exact linearization methodology is introduced. The tracking control algorithm is completed by adding an extended observer which provides, on the one hand, the motor speed and acceleration and, on the other hand, estimates the unknown load torque. The stability of the closed-loop system composed of a nonlinear speed tracking controller and an observer is studied by the way of Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the decoupling of the state observer and the load torque observer is discussed. Finally, a real-time implementation and the experimental results of the proposed control strategy are presented     

基于自整定模糊PID算法的LD温度控制系统

为了使半导体激光器(LD)能够稳定工作, 设计并实现了一个高效的温度控制系统。该系统使用MSP430单片机作为处理器,负温度系数热敏电阻(NTC)作为温度传感器,半导体制冷器(TEC)作为执行元件。系统通过自整定模糊PID算法,采用闭环负反馈结构实现对LD温度的稳定控制。实验结果表明,该控制系统温度从21.9 ℃上升到目标温度25 ℃,建立稳态的时间为68 s,且温度可控制在250.05 ℃范围以内。工作94 s后,系统能够将温度控制在250.008 ℃范围以内。与常规PID控制系统相比,基于模糊PID算法的温度控制系统能够在没有人工干预的情况下自动调节系统的PID参数,使系统具有更好的动态性能。     

A novel fuzzy friction compensation approach to improve theperformance of a DC motor control system

The compensation of friction nonlinearities for servomotor control has received much attention due to undesirable and disturbing effects that the friction often has on conventional control systems. Compensation methods have generally involved selecting a friction model and then using model parameters to cancel the effects of the nonlinearity. In this paper, a method using fuzzy logic for the compensation of nonlinear friction is developed for the control of a DC motor. The method is unique in that a single fuzzy rule is used to compensate directly for the nonlinearity of the physical system. As a result, the method introduces fewer adjustable parameters than a typical fuzzy logic approach while still incorporating many advantages of using fuzzy logic such as the incorporation of heuristic knowledge, ease of implementation and the lack of a need for an accurate mathematical model. The general approach, analysis and experimental results obtained for an actual DC motor system with nonlinear friction characteristics are presented and the effectiveness of the fuzzy friction compensation control technique is discussed. The smoothness of response, response times and disturbance rejection of a PI control system with and without the proposed fuzzy compensator are analyzed and discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method     

A novel motor drive design for incremental motion system via sliding-mode control method

This paper proposes a particular motor position control drive design via a novel sliding-mode controller. The newly designed controller is especially suitable for the motor incremental motion control which is specified by a trapezoidal velocity profile. The novel sliding-mode controller is designed in accordance with the trapezoidal velocity profile to guarantee the desired performance. A motor control system associated PC-based incremental motion controller with permanent-magnet synchronous motor is built to verify the control effect. The validity of the novel incremental motion controller with sliding-mode control method is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.     

A novel DC chopper drive for a single-phase induction motor

The paper presents a new drive for single-phase induction motors. This drive employs a DC chopper circuit with a diode bridge rectifier connected with the stator in a nonconventional fashion. The speed of the single-phase induction motor is controlled by controlling the chopping frequency of the chopper switch. The attractive feature of the drive is that it effects both frequency and phase-angle control simultaneously. The drive performance has received both theoretical and experimental investigation     

Development and testing of the torque control for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor

Hybrid electrical vehicles and electrical vehicles are being actively developed. A hybrid electric vehicle motor design requires high efficiency, high power/weight ratio, and reliability from low rotor speed to high rotor speed. The permanent-magnet synchronous motor is used in order to fulfill these requirements. The purpose of this paper is to develop a permanent-magnet synchronous motor control method for all rotor speeds. This method increases the torque and the efficiency at high speed when compared to the ordinary current error feedback method. A method composed of two compensators is proposed to achieve this objective. One of the compensators controls the torque using the voltage phases. The other one is the ordinary current error feedback. Several correcting methods for the voltage phase compensator have been proposed for the compensator for many control demands. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed using simulation and experimental evaluations.