水溶液中染料聚醚衍生物聚集行为的MesoDyn模拟

用MesoDyn模拟方法,研究了染料聚醚衍生物在水溶液中的聚集行为,讨论了染料聚醚衍生物结构和体积分数对其微相行为的影响.模拟结果表明,不同体积分数下,染料聚醚衍生物可在水溶液中形成3种聚集体:球状胶束、蠕虫状胶束、胶束簇;其胶束形成过程可分为诱导阶段、开始形成阶段、演化阶段和平衡稳定阶段;提高染料聚醚衍生物的初始体积分数可缩短形成胶束的诱导时间,并提高平衡后的有序参数.     

染料聚醚衍生物及聚醚的分散染料表面吸附性能

研究染料聚醚衍生物和聚醚在染料颗粒表面的吸附行为,借助分子模拟方法在分子尺度上了解染料聚醚衍生物及聚醚分子结构与染料表面的相互作用关系,从而揭示上述聚合物的吸附机理.结果表明,染料聚醚衍生物和聚醚在染料表面的吸附等温线均为Langmuir型,染料聚醚衍生物由于可与染料表面形成π-π堆积作用,且主要为平行和T型堆积排列方式,因而其最大吸附量、与染料表面的相互作用能和吸附能均大于相应的聚醚.     

3种异斯特维醇衍生物的分子表面活性

借助聚醚链段在天然产物异斯特维醇上连接不同基团，制备了3种异斯特维醇衍生物，对制备产物进行结构表征，测定其临界胶束浓度，并借助分子模拟对产物分子的电荷分布进行定量分析、预测产物分子与水分子产生静电吸引的位点、计算产物分子与水分子作用的结合能，初步探究衍生物临界胶束浓度与分子结构间的构效关系。结果表明：通过表面张力法测定3种衍生物作为表面活性剂时的临界胶束浓度分别为7.6、10.0、10.9 mmol/L，模拟显示对应分子的柔顺性越来越弱、偶极矩越来越大；分子模拟和HLB值定量计算证明，3种衍生物分子均具有与十二烷基磺酸钠相似的表面活性。     

大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇单甲醚2000的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙二醇单甲醚2000为原料,先将其氧化为聚乙二醇单甲醚2000羧基衍生物,再制备成高活性的聚乙二醇单甲醚2000酰氯,与磷脂反应制备了大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇单甲醚2000(MPEG2000-SPE)。产物结构经1HNMR和IR进行了表征。质量比为m(大豆粉末磷脂)∶m(羧基化聚乙二醇单甲醚)=3∶1,产物收率为85.2%;通过TEM观察了产物在水中形成胶束的大小,通过荧光探针技术研究了产物的临界胶束浓度用以表征产物的热力学稳定性,通过乳化力来表征产物的动力学稳定性,试验表明,产物在水溶液中形成的胶束粒径为30~80 nm,临界胶束浓度为2×10-6mol/L,形成胶束的热力学稳定性优于小分子胶束,产物的动力学稳定性优于大豆粉末磷脂。     

可水解桥基分散染料聚醚衍生物的合成及其应用

基于超分散剂的构思,设计合成了一种水解型分散染料聚醚衍生物(连接基团为可水解的均三嗪桥基,将端氨基聚醚和分散染料连接起来),利用红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪对其结构进行了表征;研究了其对母体染料的分散效率及应用性能,初步探讨了其水解行为.结果表明:所制得的水解型分散染料聚醚衍生物具有优异的分散性能,能够提高染料的利用率并减少有色废水的产生.     

染色过程中表面活性剂对耐纶6结构的影响

一、绪言耐纶用分散性染料或酸性染料染色时所用的助染剂,往往为表面活性剂,以提高染料微粒在染浴中的稳定性,增加溶解度,并使其匀染性及缓染性等得以改善。染料与表面活性剂在水溶液中相互作用已由W.Luck及黑岩、(?)沢等进行过研究。通常染料在水溶液中与表面活性剂按一定规律相互反应生成络合物,特别是加入的表面活性剂在临界胶束浓度以上时,染料渗入到表面活性剂的胶束中,而使被染物表面的染料浓度下降,     

蔗糖酯胶束结构的小角散射分析

利用X射线小角散射研究蔗糖酯溶液胶束结构随浓度的变化,在极稀蔗糖酯水溶液中,蔗糖酯在界面富集吸附形成单分子层,当表面吸附达到饱和时,蔗糖酯分子不能在表面继续富集,而憎水基的疏水作用仍竭力促使蔗糖酯分子逃离水环境,当蔗糖酯溶液浓度达到0.1%(g/mL)时,蔗糖酯分子则在溶液内部开始自聚,即疏水基在一起形成内核,亲水基朝外与水接触,形成最简单的胶团,即预胶束.当蔗糖酯浓度达到0.5%(g/mL)达到临界胶束浓度(CMC),蔗糖酯在水溶液中形成胶束.当蔗糖酯浓度进一步增加,蔗糖酯胶束在溶液中形成不规则层状结构,其不规则层状周期厚度L1=52.4nm,当蔗糖酯溶液浓度增加至5%(g/mL)时,蔗糖酯胶束排列成完整有序的层状,形成溶致液晶结构,其周期层状结构厚度L2=39.3nm,同时溶液体系中溶剂和溶质分子间存在微密度电子起伏.     

改性聚醚有机硅表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以端基含氢聚硅氧烷、烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚及一氯乙酸为主要原料,合成了一种阴离子型端羧基改性聚醚有机硅表面活性剂（CPS）。采用红外光谱对其中间体及终产物的结构进行表征,分析了CPS的表面活性、泡沫性能及乳化力。结果表明,该表面活性剂临界胶束浓度（CMC）为1×10-6 mol/L,溶液表面张力为28.1 mN/m;与阳离子表面活性剂1631和1831相比,CPS有良好的发泡和稳泡效果,水溶液的稳泡率为90%,且具有较高的乳化力。     

聚醚三硅氧烷磺酸盐的制备与性能

以1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)和烯丙基环氧基聚醚(APEE)为原料,在H2Pt Cl6催化下,通过硅氢加成法合成环氧基聚醚改性三硅氧烷(EPETS),再与Na HSO3进行磺化反应,制得一种聚醚三硅氧烷磺酸盐(SPETS).用红外光谱(IR)对SPETS的结构进行了表征,并对SPETS的临界表面张力、临界胶束浓度、发泡性能、耐酸碱盐稳定性和在硬水中的稳定性等进行了测定.结果表明:SPETS的临界表面张力(γcmc)为21.5 m N/m,临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.0×10-3g/m L.质量分数为0.1%的SPETS水溶液发泡力为1.77,5 min稳泡性为0.609.在硬水中的稳定性为4级.SPETS溶液具有高的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐等化学稳定性.     

基于AFM的卡拉胶与牛奶酪蛋白分子相互作用研究

采用原子力显微镜的轻敲模式研究了低浓度卡拉胶在水溶液以及在牛奶中沉积在云母表面上的构象信息。对于卡拉胶水溶液体系,在低浓度下观察到卡拉胶呈现柔顺的大分子链构象,测得分子链的直径为20nm左右。随浓度的增加,分子链聚集缠结形成双螺旋结构。在牛奶中观测到,酪蛋白胶束的直径在200nm左右,当存在卡拉胶时,卡拉胶分子链和酪蛋白胶束产生了连接,卡拉胶分子在酪蛋白胶束之间出于一种桥梁作用,消除了αs酪蛋白和β酪蛋白对钙离子的敏感程度,防止了αs酪蛋白和β酪蛋白的聚集沉淀,从而使酪蛋白形成稳定的小颗粒。     

染料聚醚型超分散剂的合成及其应用

基于超分散剂的构思,设计合成了一类以脲基为桥基的染料聚醚衍生物,并探讨其对母体分散染料的分散和应用性能。试验结果表明,合成的超分散剂对其母体分散染料具有较好的分散效率,自制的分散体系应用性能可达到或优于商品染料,其中RL207的分散效率较其它3种染料聚醚衍生物(RL100,RL200和RL300)更高,可使染色废水的COD值降低至传统商品分散染料的1/10~1/20。     

Effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the sorption of Brij 30 and Brij 35 onto aquifer sand

Surfactant sorption is of considerable importance to environmental applications, including surfactant flushing to mobilize hydrophobic contaminants; effects of surfactants on the transport of dissolved contaminants, microorganisms, and colloids through porous media; and bioremediation of hydrophobic organic compounds, as well as understanding the fate and transport of surfactants as environmental contaminants themselves. Although most sorption studies consider pure surfactants, commercial detergent formulations typically consist of mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants. In this study, the effects of varying concentrations of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on micelle formation and sorption behavior of the two commonly used nonionic surfactants Brij 30 and Brij 35 onto aquifer sand were examined. A strong linear relationship was observed between the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the Brij surfactants and the concentration of LAS in the mixture, with the CMC decreasing with increasing concentration of LAS. The relative change in CMC as a function of the LAS concentration was identical forthe two Brij surfactants, indicating that LAS interacted with their common alkyl chains. Sorption isotherms were developed for Brij 30 and Brij 35 present as single surfactants in an aqueous solution as well as when present with LAS. Although LAS had minor effects on the maximum sorption plateaus of the Brij surfactants, Brij sorption at was significantly enhanced as a function of the LAS concentration for Brij aqueous concentrations below the CMC. Application of a multi-interaction isotherm model indicated that the formation of surface aggregates (e.g., hemimicelles) decreased with increasing LAS concentration. Overall, these results provide insight into the complex sorption behavior of surfactant mixtures.     

新型表面活性剂的表面张力和电导率性能研究

合成了三种孪连型阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂16-4-16,2Br-1、14-4-14,2Br-1、18-2-18,2Br-1,对三者的性能进行评定,分别通过表面张力和电导率测得临界胶束浓度(CMC)、表面活性剂在气-液界面的吸附量、单个分子的面积和胶束电离度α。结果表明:首先,相对于单头基单尾链的表面活性剂,三种孪连表面活性剂的表面活性更强,CMC值更低;其次,三种表面活性剂都有其各自的特性,16-4-16,2Br-1的粘弹性能较好,而14-4-14,2Br-1、18-2-18,2Br-1表面张力很低。实验表明,通过调节孪连表面活性剂联结基和疏水链的长度会对产品的性能有很大的影响。     

烷基糖苷水溶液的表面活性以及电解质的影响

烷基糖苷APGs作为新一代绿色表面活性剂,以其优异的表面特性在各个领域的应用开发受到了广泛的关注。文章深入研究了不同链长的烷基糖苷水溶液的表面张力、胶束化行为以及电解质的加入对其的影响。结果表明,APGs溶液的CMC主要取决于其分子疏水端的结构。随着疏水链的增长,APGs溶液的CMC随之减小。相对离子型表面活性剂而言,硫酸钠的加入对溶液的影响较小,主要是通过对疏水链的盐析作用来实现的。在强碱体系下,APGs分子亲水端部分去质子化使得所形成的胶束带负电性,从而导致氢氧化钠的盐析效应相对较弱。     

Sorption-induced effects of humic substances on mass transfer of organic pollutants through aqueous diffusion boundary layers: the example of water/air exchange

This study examines the effect of dissolved humic substances (DHS) on the rate of water-gas exchange of organic compounds under conditions where diffusion through the aqueous boundary layer is rate-determining. A synthetic surfactant was applied for comparison. Mass-transfer coefficients were determined from the rate of depletion of the model compounds by means of an apparatus containing a stirred aqueous solution with continuous purging of the headspace above the solution. In addition, experiments with continuous passive dosing of analytes into the water phase were conducted to simulate a system where thermodynamic activity of the chemical in the aqueous phase is identical in the presence and absence of DHS. The experimental results show that DHS and surfactants can affect water-gas exchange rates by the superposition of two mechanisms: (1) hydrodynamic effects due to surface film formation ("surface smoothing"), and (2) sorption-induced effects. Whether sorption accelerates or retards mass transfer depends on its effect on the thermodynamic activity of the pollutant in the aqueous phase. Mass transfer will be retarded if the activity (or freely dissolved concentration) of the pollutant is decreased due to sorption. If it remains unchanged (e.g., due to fast equilibration with a sediment acting as a large source phase), then DHS and surfactant micelles can act as an additional shuttle for the pollutants, enhancing the flux through the boundary layer.     

温度、NaCl及乙醇对Tw80水溶液的临界胶束浓度的影响

临界胶束浓度（Critical Micelle     

Kinetics of Protein Extraction in Reverse Micelle

Sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/isooctane-octanol reverse micelle extraction was tested an efficient and effective approach to separate peanut protein from full-fat peanut powder. Here, important kinetic factors including pH, ion strength, and temperature were studied during reverse micelle backward extraction. The extraction conditions were obtained by response surface experiments as follows: pH 7.5, ion concentration 1.1 mol/L at temperature 35°C. Under these optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of protein reached 79.03%. A model on the kinetic partitioning of peanut protein was also developed. The backward extraction in this reverse micelle system was controlled by interfacial resistance instead of diffusion resistance in reverse micelle and aqueous phase with the total mass transfer rate of 0.8×10^?5 m³·s^?1. A two-film theory may be the mechanism for flat interface. Results of mass transfer process are helpful for creating an reverse micelle extraction process, and used for purification of peanut proteins, promoting the development of food industry.     

两种大豆分离蛋白的比较研究

本文以醇洗豆粕为原料制备大豆分离蛋白(SPI-A),并将之与传统的碱溶酸沉工艺制备的大豆分离蛋白(SPI-C)作比较,发现脱脂豆粕经醇洗之后所制备的大豆分离蛋白,其功能性质明显优于传统的大豆分离蛋白。凝胶性能研究表明样品SPI-A的凝胶强度是385.4g,明显高于样品CSPI(85.4g);样品SPI-A的乳化和起泡性能也有明显的改善;HPLC研究表明SPI-A和SPI-C两种样品几乎在同一时间出峰,但激光光散射分析表明样品SPI-A的流体动力学半径远比样品SPI-C的大,说明样品SPI-A形成的聚集体体积较大,结构较为疏松,而样品SPI-C所形成的聚集体体积较小且结构较为致密。     

Chemicals from wastes: compost-derived humic acid-like matter as surfactant

Compost humic acid-like (cHAL) polymeric matter (MW = 15610), isolated in 12% yield from food and green waste compost, exhibits very good surfactant properties in aqueous solution: i.e., critical micelle concentration (cmc) = 403 mg/L and surface tension at cmc = 36.1 mN/m. Values of cmc are confirmed also by conductivity and phenanthrene solubility measurements. These results, compared with those for other major commercial and research surfactants, propose cHAL as a competitive low-cost biosurfactant.