氟化乙丙烯共聚物薄膜驻极体电荷存储性能与电晕产生模式相关性

采用在直流稳态、高频脉冲和交变电场作用下的电晕放电对氟化乙丙烯共聚物(FEP)薄膜材料进行注极,通过等温表面电位测量和热刺激放电技术考察了FEP驻极体的电荷存储特性,依据电晕放电等离子体鞘层模型对实验结果进行了分析,研究了电晕产生模式对FEP薄膜驻极体电荷存储性能的影响。结果表明,电晕注极FEP薄膜驻极体的表面电位稳定性与电晕产生模式、电晕极性有关,但是电荷存储机制只与电晕极性有关。脉冲电晕注极时的稳定性优于稳态电晕注极,但其初始表面电位值较低。交变电场电晕注极获得的驻极体,呈现负极性。不同电晕放电模式在材料表面形成的等离子体鞘层的组成和厚度不同,是FEP驻极体性质不同的主要原因。     

一种自制聚酰亚胺膜与商品Kapton H膜的驻极体性能比较

通过和杜邦公司产KaptonH商品膜驻极体性能比较,系统研究了由国产ZPKI型聚酰亚胺前体溶液制备薄膜的驻极体性能。通过常温和高温正负电晕充电,补偿法表面电位衰减测量及开路热刺激放电（TSD）电流谱等技术,研究了常温和高温驻极时PI膜的电荷稳定性及其电荷输运特性,高温致密化处理对样品驻极体性能的影响,以及正负电晕充电稳定性的化学结构分析。     

电磁-压电复合式机械能量收集器

微型能量收集技术是移动智能终端和物联网领域内的一项重要技术.多种换能方式和大量的能量收集器得到了许多的研究和报道.针对机械能采集,本文提出了一种基于磁悬浮的电磁-压电复合式高效能量收起器.该器件体积小、重量轻,尺寸为Φ47×27mm,重量仅有80g.电磁发电单元输出的开路电压分别为8.1V,4.2V;输出功率分别为42mW和35mW.压电发电单元输出的开路电压分别为60V,40V;输出功率分别为142mW和140mW.复合式能量采集器的平均输出功率为17.71mW,对1 000μF电容充电功率为110.39mW,复合后的衰减系数为53.45%.该复合式能量收集器可以驱动温度传感器.本文中设计的复合能量收集器对于物联网智能终端的自供电工作方案的实现具有重要的现实意义.     

柱棒式超磁致伸缩能量收集器的设计与实验

为了能够利用自然界中的振动能量,弥补传统微器件供能方式的不足。设计制作了一种以超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)为基础的振动能量收集装置,并通过实验加以验证其能量收集特性;首先,通过对超磁致伸缩材料物理特性的分析,进行了能量收集装置理论建模与仿真分析;然后,根据仿真分析的结果设计了一套柱棒式的超磁致伸缩能量收集器;最后,通过搭建实验平台进行了效果验证。实验结果表明:当输入激振信号频率f_n不变,振动能量收集装置输出电压峰-峰值和输入振动信号的幅值F_m成正比;当输入振动信号幅值F_m不变,振动能量收集装置输出电压峰-峰值和输入激振信号的频率fn成正比;在激振应力最大值为2.54 MPa、频率100 Hz的正弦激振条件下,感应线圈100匝的实验条件下,超磁致伸缩振动能量收集器输出电动势峰-峰值为136.4 mV,与理论值(156 mV)符合较好,且波形一致。     

Si基多孔SiO2薄膜的驻极体性能

通过控制制备工艺条件和充电参数,利用相应条件下样品的等温表面电位衰减,开路热刺激放电电流谱等。考察了利用溶胶－凝胶（sol-gel)方法制备的Si基多孔SiO2薄膜的驻极体性能,分析了各种工艺参数与蓦主极体性质之间的联系,同时利用Gauss拟合及初始上升法对薄膜驻极体的电荷阱深度进行了估算,实验结果表明,反应物中水的含量对薄膜驻极体的陷阱分布具有调节作用,估算出负电晕充电SiO2薄膜驻极体电荷的活化能为0．3 eV和1．0eV;环境湿度对电荷储存稳定性有一定的影响,降低栅压可以提高SiO2薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性。     

用于振动能量收集的MEMS压电悬臂梁

本文介绍了一种MEMS悬臂梁器件,将环境中的振动机械能转化为电能.该悬臂梁的主体材料为单晶硅,其上覆盖一层用Sol-Gel法制备的PZT压电材料,利用压电材料的正压电效应实现机电能量的转换.论文给出了悬臂梁式振动能量收集器的一个简单理论模型.器件采用(110)硅基片,有利于通过湿法腐蚀制备质量块.质量块可以用来降低器件的谐振频率,并提高输出电功率.尺寸参数为3600μm×270 μm的器件样品的测试结果表明,在其谐振频率1673Hz,振幅为11nm的振动条件下,该器件的最大输出功率大于1nW,即0.11 μW/cm2.     

基于双ZnO薄膜单元并联结构的微型压电振动能量采集器(英文)

报道了一种基于ZnO压电薄膜双单元结构的压电式微型振动能量采集器,其中的双压电元件是并联结构.采用射频磁控溅射技术制备ZnO压电薄膜,同时,该压电式振动能量采集器采用微加工技术制作.测试表明该器件的共振频率为1 300 Hz,基于ZnO薄膜双单元并联结构的压电式振动能量采集器比起具有同样尺寸的传统型压电振动能量采集器有更高的输出性能.在频率为1 300 Hz,加速度为10 m/s2的外界振动激励下,该压电式振动能量采集器在1 MΩ负载电阻上产生的电压为2.06 V;当负载电阻为0.6 MΩ时,输出功率最大为1.25μW.     

Ag纳米颗粒修饰(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3/PVDF柔性压电能量收集器及其性能

将机械能转换为电能的压电能量收集器可为便携式可穿戴电子器件提供持续、独立的供电方案，促进柔性电子技术向智能化、集成化、多功能化方向发展。本文采用光还原法制备了Ag纳米颗粒修饰的铌酸钾钠(KNN)颗粒并将其与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合，得到Ag-KNN/PVDF压电复合薄膜。采用热压法在两层PVDF中复合Ag-KNN/PVDF薄膜，得到三明治结构的柔性复合压电薄膜(PAKP)及压电柔性能量收集器。研究结果表明：当Ag摩尔分数为1%时，PAKP柔性复合薄膜的极性β相最大，且压电输出性能最佳，输出电压可达6.39 V，是无Ag修饰样品的1.43倍，器件的最大瞬时功率为150.5 nW。经过3 000次循环测试后，器件的电压输出幅度无明显变化。将其固定于自行车车架上，收集自行车行进中的机械能可使220 nF电容在200 s内充电至1.2 V，表明其在低功耗电子器件自供电领域具有良好的应用前景。     

面向快递包裹运输的自供电环境监测系统设计和仿真

目的 针对包裹运输实时状态监测的能源和续航问题,文中设计一种自供电物流环境监测系统以解决相应的续航问题。方法 分析公路运输车辆振动分布情况;设计一种电磁振动能量收集器和能量管理电路,建立能量收集器的物理和数学模型;通过仿真和实验对比文中提出的收集器的模型和实测的输出结果,并测试能量管理电路性能以及相应阻抗匹配分析。结果 收集器仿真结果和实测结果基本吻合,输出电压的峰值均高于1V。文中提出的能量管理电路能够有效完成收集器输出电压的升压整流,与收集器配合后充电效率最高可达51.1%,阻抗匹配在1kΩ时输出效果最优。结论 文中提出的数学模型有效、可靠,且自供电物流环境监测系统方案有效提升了包裹实时监测的续航能力。     

用于微机电系统的SiO2/Si3N4驻极体的制备及电荷稳定性

驻极体微型发电机是近期提出的微电子机械系统开发中的一个新领域,驻极体电荷稳定性则是影响驻极体微型发电机性能的关键.用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法制备SiO2/ Si3N4双层膜,采用电晕充电和热极化方法对材料进行注极形成驻极体,探讨了器件加工工艺及存储环境对双层膜驻极体电荷稳定性的影响.结果表明,电晕充电后SiO2/ Si3N4双层膜的电荷存储稳定性明显优于SiO2单层膜;传统的电晕注极方法仅适用于大面积驻极体的制备,但对微米量级的材料表面不适用;微器件制备的工艺流程对驻极体电荷稳定性有显著影响,但存储环境对热极化驻极体电荷稳定性的影响很小.     

Analysis of ac-dc conversion for energy harvesting using an electrostrictive polymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)

Harvesting systems capable of transforming unused environmental energy into useful electrical energy have been extensively studied for the last two decades. The recent development of electrostrictive polymers has generated new opportunities for harvesting energy. The contribution of this study lies in the design and validation of electrostrictive polymer- based harvesters able to deliver dc output voltage to the load terminal, making the practical application of such material for self-powered devices much more realistic. Theoretical analysis supported by experimental investigations showed that an energy harvesting module with ac-to-dc conversion allows scavenging power up to 7 μW using a bias electric field of 10 V/μm and a transverse strain of 0.2%. This represents a power density of 280 μW/cm(3) at 100 Hz, which is much higher than the corresponding values of most piezo-based harvesters.     

Low-frequency meandering piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel low-frequency meandering piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is presented. The energy harvester is designed for sensor node applications where the node targets a width-to-length aspect ratio close to 1:1 while simultaneously achieving a low resonant frequency. The measured power output and normalized power density are 118 μW and 5.02 μW/mm(3)/g(2), respectively, when excited by an acceleration magnitude of 0.2 g at 49.7 Hz. The energy harvester consists of a laser-machined meandering PZT bimorph. Two methods, strain-matched electrode (SME) and strain-matched polarization (SMP), are utilized to mitigate the voltage cancellation caused by having both positive and negative strains in the piezoelectric layer during operation at the meander's first resonant frequency. We have performed finite element analysis and experimentally demonstrated a prototype harvester with a footprint of 27 x 23 mm and a height of 6.5 mm including the tip mass. The device achieves a low resonant frequency while maintaining a form factor suitable for sensor node applications. The meandering design enables energy harvesters to harvest energy from vibration sources with frequencies less than 100 Hz within a compact footprint.     

Integration of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors with Thin Film Electronics for On‐Chip Energy Storage

The development of self‐powered electronic systems requires integration of on‐chip energy‐storage units to interface with various types of energy harvesters, which are intermittent by nature. Most studies have involved on‐chip electrochemical microsupercapacitors that have been interfaced with energy harvesters through bulky Si‐based rectifiers that are difficult to integrate. This study demonstrates transistor‐level integration of electrochemical microsupercapacitors and thin film transistor rectifiers. In this approach, the thin film transistors, thin film rectifiers, and electrochemical microsupercapacitors share the same electrode material for all, which allows for a highly integrated electrochemical on‐chip storage solution. The thin film rectifiers are shown to be capable of rectifying AC signal input from either triboelectric nanogenerators or standard function generators. In addition, electrochemical microsupercapacitors exhibit exceptionally slow self‐discharge rate (≈18.75 mV h^?1) and sufficient power to drive various electronic devices. This study opens a new avenue for developing compact on‐chip electrochemical micropower units integrated with thin film electronics.     

微型电磁式振动能量采集器的研究进展

随着低功耗无线传感网络和微机电系统的迅速发展,供电问题正成为它们进入实用化、产业化的一大障碍。现有的一个解决方案是微型电磁式振动能量采集器。首先给出电磁式振动能量采集器的工作原理、物理模型和设计原则,然后详细介绍目前国内外各研究小组研制的电磁式振动能量采集器的几何模型、结构参数、输出结果和技术特点,最后简单分析电磁式振动能量采集器面临的困难、挑战和发展趋势。     

Energy Harvesting Research: The Road from Single Source to Multisource

Energy harvesting technology may be considered an ultimate solution to replace batteries and provide a long‐term power supply for wireless sensor networks. Looking back into its research history, individual energy harvesters for the conversion of single energy sources into electricity are developed first, followed by hybrid counterparts designed for use with multiple energy sources. Very recently, the concept of a truly multisource energy harvester built from only a single piece of material as the energy conversion component is proposed. This review, from the aspect of materials and device configurations, explains in detail a wide scope to give an overview of energy harvesting research. It covers single‐source devices including solar, thermal, kinetic and other types of energy harvesters, hybrid energy harvesting configurations for both single and multiple energy sources and single material, and multisource energy harvesters. It also includes the energy conversion principles of photovoltaic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, electrostatic, electrostrictive, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetostrictive, and dielectric devices. This is one of the most comprehensive reviews conducted to date, focusing on the entire energy harvesting research scene and providing a guide to seeking deeper and more specific research references and resources from every corner of the scientific community.     

聚丙烯驻极体的恒流源电晕充电

本文讨论了聚丙烯驻极体恒流电晕充电期间电荷的建立。分析了恒流电晕充电后,聚丙烯驻极体的开路TSD(Thermally Stimulatod Dischar-ge)电流谱及充电后注入样品电荷的平均电荷重心的迁移规律和恒压电晕充电相比较,揭示了恒流充电能将更多的电荷注入聚丙烯体内。因此,恒流电晕充电能明显地改善聚丙烯驻极体的电荷贮存稳定性。     

压电振动能量收集装置研究现状及发展趋势

摘要：随着无线技术及微机电技术的日益发展,以化学电池为主的供能方式的弊端日渐显露,压电振动能量收集装置以其结构简单、清洁环保及易于微型化等诸多优点而得到了极大重视。本文从振动能量收集常用的压电材料及其压电性入手,从压电振动能量收集装置的结构设计和能量收集电路设计两方面对其进行阐述。在结构设计方面,以压电振动能量收集结构的方向性和响应频带为主线,详细介绍了国内外研究者在压电振动能量收集装置结构设计上的变化与创新;在能量收集电路设计方面,以能量收集效率的提高为主线,介绍了电路结构的优化改进。最后,总结了压电振动能量收集装置未来的研究趋势和方向,为从事压电振动能量收集研究的人员提供参考。     

Flexible photodiodes constructed with CdTe nanoparticle thin films and single ZnO nanowires on plastics

We construct a flexible pn heterostructured photodiode using a CdTe nanoparticle thin film and a single ZnO nanowire (NW) on a plastic substrate. The photocurrent characteristics of the flexible photodiode are examined under illumination with 325 nm wavelength light and the photocurrent efficiencies at bias voltages of ± 2.5 V are estimated to be 8.0 and 2.1 μA W(-1) under forward and reverse bias conditions, respectively. The photocurrent generation of the pn heterostructured photodiode is dominantly associated with the transport of the photogenerated charge carriers in the single ZnO NW. Furthermore, the operations of our flexible photodiode are investigated in the upwardly and downwardly bent states, as well as in the flat state.