WTW车用煤基燃料的经济性与环保性研究

为了研究WTW车用燃料的经济性与环保性,利用GREET模型对煤间接液化合成油、煤直接液化合成油、煤制天然气和整体煤气化联合循环发电IGCC 4种煤基燃料进行WTW计算,并对比分析了4种燃料在WTW各个阶段的能耗和CO2排放量。结果表明：4种煤基燃料的能耗由大到小为煤制天然气〉煤间接液化合成油〉煤直接液化合成油〉IGCC,其中煤间接液化合成油、煤直接液化合成油及煤制天然气的能耗都约为传统柴油或汽油的2倍,IGCC的总能耗是传统汽油的3/5左右;CO2排放排序为：煤间接液化合成油〉煤制天然气〉煤直接液化合成油〉IGCC,其中煤间接液化合成油、煤直接液化合成油和煤制天然气的CO2排放量都为传统柴油或汽油的1.6～3.1倍,IGCC的CO2排放量是传统汽油的7/10左右;煤间接、直接液化合成油和煤制天然气都有一定的市场竞争力,IGCC成本较高,且高于传统发电成本。     

合成油联产碳铵或尿素的初探

中国科学院山西煤炭化学所在我区代县化肥厂进行的F—T合成(即合成油)试验取得了一定的进展。合成油的经济效益如何,关键在于合成油尾气的利用。本文就开发合成油联产碳铵或尿素的可能性进行理论     

天然气合成油将稳步发展

介绍了世界天然气合成油装置的发展状况,分析了天然气合成油发展的契机、存在的问题及相关行业发展带来的影响,指出了我国相关部门应加大天然气合成油研究力度,争取拥有自己的专利技术。     

天然气基合成油的技术进展

从反应器和工艺等方面对天然气基合成油技术做了详细阐述,并对国内外合成油技术进行了比较,同时为我国合成油技术开发提出了建议。     

合成油、合成氨联产技术进展

阐述了合成油的技术、MTG工艺技术数据及我国联醇工业的发展，根据合成油、合成氨、甲醇原料相近的特点，以及合成油、合成氨联产工艺技术开发及工业性试验的结果，分析论证了合成油、合成氨联产的可行性。     

天然气合成油技术发展现状与展望

天然气合成油(GTL)工艺是指将天然气转化为液体燃料的工艺,介绍了国内外天然气合成油技术的发展现状和正在研究开发的合成油工艺,指出了天然气制合成气工艺、费托合成反应器的开发、费托合成催化剂的选择及装置规模研究的发展趋势。     

费托合成油装置重质油流量计应用

随着国内煤制油技术的发展及工业化应用,费托合成油装置重质油、重质蜡等介质流量的测量问题成为影响费托合成油装置长周期稳定运行的一个突出问题,本文从费托合成油装置重质油、重质蜡流量计应用工况、各种形式的流量计应用情况来分析研究费托合成油装置重质油、重质蜡流量计的选型及应用。     

煤制油催化剂项目在淮南开工建设

中科合成油技术有限公司和安徽淮化集团共同投资建设的1500t／a煤基合成油催化剂项目日前在淮南正式开工建设。     

世界最大天然气合成油厂2010年底投产

据海外媒体报道,位于卡塔尔拉斯拉凡的世界最大的天然气合成油（GTL）项目PearlGTL项目迄今已完成50％的工程量,并将在2010年年底开始生产天然气合成油。     

水白色聚α-烯烃合成油生产工艺探讨

通过比较国内外品质不同的合成油,介绍了利用蜡裂解提供的裂解烯烃原料来生产水白色聚α-烯烃合成油的工艺探索。     

合成气压缩机组、氨压缩机组共用供油系统的制造与试验

介绍了 30 0kt/a合成氨装置合成气压缩机组、氨压缩机组共用润滑和控制油系统的构造及工作原理 ,叙述了该系统的底座、油箱、油冷器、油过滤器和供油管线等各部件的制造与组装过程。给出了该系统的冲洗与试验的程序及方法     

利用PRO／II软件进行费托合成油品的蒸馏模拟计算

利用PRO／II软件模拟费托合成油品蒸馏装置,获得分馏塔各侧线产品的温度、流量、馏程等关键参数,所得特种溶剂油产品馏程与ExxonMobil溶剂油报道数据吻合良好。分析了塔板温度和气液相流量沿塔板的分布。费托合成油品的蒸馏模拟结果可以作为指导设计和生产实践的基础。     

合成气压缩机浮环密封漏油机理分析

合成气压缩机气缸中的介质是有毒、易燃易爆的合成气体,气缸的工作压力高、内外压差大,因此,防止压缩机内介质向外泄漏非常重要,压缩机轴端密封采用浮环油膜密封,浮环密封漏油将会导致严重的后果。本文分析了轴端浮环密封的漏油机理,制定了合理的改进措施,以保证压缩机机组的可靠运行。     

2012年我国石油化工行业进展及展望

综述了我国石化行业2012年在高油价和经济减速条件下取得的一系列进展。一是石化产业全年运行缓中趋稳,产值、产量和效益均有增长,但增幅同比下落。二是建设世界一流石化产业,原油加工量和乙烯产量继续保持世界第二,化学品生产总量可与美国比伯仲,合成树脂生产位列前茅,合成橡胶生产位列世界之首。三是产业转型与升级,现代煤化工顺利融入石油化工生产体系,石化介入生物质化工成功试产生物航空煤油,石化产品高端化升级取得新进展。四是石化技术进步,采用自主产权的技术建成一批工业化装置,包括柴油液相循环加氢装置、生产欧Ⅴ汽油的新一代S-Zorb装置、80万吨/年大乙烯装置、S-MTO装置、FCC再生烟气SCR脱硝装置等;自主开发的超重油轻质化技术、百万吨级芳烃联合装置技术、合成气制乙二醇成套技术已具备工业化条件,沸腾床重质渣油加氢等技术进入工业验证阶段,一批专用化学品和化工新材料在内的石化产品差异化生产技术正在加紧攻关。文章总结了高油价和低增速条件下中国特色石化运行模式所起的作用,包括炼油高油价下坚持降本增效,资源分配“保、压”得当;化工把控在役石化产能与调节产品结构,积极实施差异化战略来应对市场需求不振和同质化竞争。同时,也对2012年存在的问题进行了思考。分析了2013年情况,进入2013年,随着世界经济形势逐步向好,国际油价走势受美国经济数据提振保持高位振荡,我国宏观经济预计继续保持稳健发展,国内化工市场需求总体回暖,我国炼油产业预计仍处于景气周期。对2013年我国石化行业总体运行提出了趋稳向好的较乐观展望,同时预期在加快汽柴油质量升级、石化产品高端化升级、推进化工原料的煤炭替代、创建“煤油化”一体化新模式、加速向能源化工产业转型和建设世界一流石化建设等方面取得实质性的新进展。     

聚α-烯烃合成油及其在润滑油中的地位

随着润滑油规格的日益严格,对高质量润滑油的需求呈增长趋势,对合成油的需求量明显增长。合成油中的聚α-烯烃(PAO)是市场需求增长最快的品种之一。国外PAO的生产主要采用乙烯齐聚法生产,国内目前主要采用石蜡裂解法生产,其产品质量与国外相比有较大的差距。作者对此提出了相关发展建议。引用文献8 篇。     

Activated sludge studies of selected contaminants in pressurized fluidized-bed hydroretorting wastewater

Acetone, propionitrile, pyrrole, and thiocyanate were selected as representative compounds of wastewater expected from pressurized, fluidized-bed hydroretorting (PFH) of Eastern oil shales. The PFH process has been the subject of investigation for the purpose of obtaining higher oil yields from Eastern shales than has been possible using conventional retorting methods. Preliminary batch experiments illustrated that acetone, propionitrile, pyrrole, and thiocyanate are aerobically biodegradable by heterogeneous microbiological cultures. The use of three continuous-flow activated sludge reactors to further evaluate the biological treatability of the synthetic waste revealed that the compounds could be removed at hydraulic residence times of as low as 1 day. Three 1 day experiments demonstrated the biological system's capability to accept organic shock loadings without a change in effluent quality. A no-recycle reactor illustrated that the flocculent microbiological population had a high resistance to solids washout. Because a supplementary nitrogen source was not included in synthetic waste treated by the no-recycle unit, it was shown that propionitrile, pyrrole, and/or thiocyanate supplied the nitrogen necessary for biological activity.     

A New Antioxidant Active Film Based on HDPE and Peppermint Essential Oil for Packaging Soybean Oil

In this research, the effect of antioxidant active package was studied on oxidative stability of soybean oil at 40 °C during 2‐month storage. A synthetic antioxidant [Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), 200 ppm] and peppermint essential oil (200 and 400 ppm) were added to antioxidant free soybean oil. To prepare active packages, the oil was filled in antioxidant active high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles containing synthetic antioxidant (3700 ppm) and the essential oil (3700 and 8400 ppm). Regarding peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values, the essential oil added to the oil delayed the oil oxidation more than BHT. In active packages, the synthetic and natural antioxidants migrated from the package to the oil (with 68 and 100 % migration rate, respectively) and retarded its oxidation over the storage time. However, no significant difference was observed between essential oil and BHT in antioxidant capacity for active packages. This study demonstrated that active packages containing antioxidants could be introduced as a good replacement for direct addition of synthetic antioxidants to the oil.     

Contribution of Main Pollutants in Oilfield Polymer-Flooding Wastewater to the Total Membrane Fouling Resistance

Polymer flooding technology has been used in the oilfield, but huge amounts of polymer-flooding wastewater are produced with oil extraction. Therefore, the treatment and recycle of this wastewater become very significant. In this study, the membrane technology was used to treat synthetic oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater in laboratory-scale dead-end/cross-flow test unit with flat polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (MW 100 kDa). We systematically inspected the membrane fouling mechanism, the variety of total fouling resistance, the dominant resistance, and the filtration proceeds in the filtration process. The orthogonal method and multivariate linear regression method were applied to analyze the influencing degree of main pollutants concentration which contains partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), oil and suspended solid on the total membrane fouling resistance. According to a comparison of the average rates of change of total membrane fouling resistance for the HPAM concentration, oil concentration, and suspended solid (SS) concentration in single solute solution, double solute solution, synthetic oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater, and the value of pH, HPAM can decrease the average rate of change of total membrane fouling resistance for other two solutes and has the crucial effect on the total membrane fouling resistance. The sequence of influence degree on the total membrane fouling resistance is the HPAM concentration > oil concentration > suspended solid concentration. Moreover, the membrane cleaning effect was studied by using SEM images and the pure water flux.