Ni2P纳米材料的可控合成及催化性能研究进展

Ni2P纳米材料特殊的结构使其在催化领域显示出优异的活性和稳定性。作为催化材料,Ni2P的催化性能主要依赖于其结构、形貌及尺寸大小,实现Ni2P纳米材料的可控合成将是催化材料领域研究的热点。综述了Ni2P纳米材料的控制合成方法、合成机理及其在催化性能方面的研究进展,讨论了Ni2P纳米材料的应用前景,并从电子结构层次对Ni2P催化性能做了定性解释。Ni2P结构中由于P原子的掺入使得"d空穴"增多,费米能级附近的态密度增加,表现出类贵金属的特性,具有很好的催化性能。Ni2P纳米材料的催化脱氢性能将是继加氢性能之后又一个崭新的应用领域。     

一维ZnO纳米材料的溶液法合成及光催化性能的研究现状

溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料是目前最常用、最经济的方法。综述了溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料的流程、原理以及制备工艺对一维ZnO形貌和结构的影响,并对其光催化性能的研究现状及发展趋势进行了总结和展望,为开展溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料及性能研究提供一定的指导。     

自组装技术在特殊形貌无机纳米材料制备中的作用

目前无机纳米材料的研究主要集中于低维无机纳米材料的制备,如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维等,其制备方法已相当成熟,而对高维特殊形貌无机纳米材料的研究相对较少。近年来,具有特殊形貌的高维无机纳米材料因独特的结构和表面性质在催化、太阳能电池、传感器、微波吸收、医学等领域展现出优于低维纳米材料的性能,但制备出的材料种类少,形貌不均一,可控性较差。因此,研究者们致力于特殊形貌无机纳米材料生长机理的研究,为材料制备提供有效的理论依据。制备无机纳米材料的方法有微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶法、电化学法、水/溶剂热法等。其中水/溶剂热法制备的无机纳米材料具有晶粒发育完整、粒度分布均匀、颗粒之间少团聚、原料价格较便宜的优点,因此被广泛应用于特殊形貌无机纳米材料的制备。自组装技术作为超分子领域的新概念,在制备特殊形貌的材料中发挥着重要作用,其主要作用是将低维的纳米结构单元通过氢键、范德华力、静电力等非共价键作用力进行连接而组装成各种复杂的层级结构。现已通过自组装技术合成了片状、棒状、花状、海绵状、树枝状等特殊形貌无机纳米材料。其中片状材料的生长过程如下:第一步是纳米颗粒的奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程,第二步是熟化的纳米颗粒定向附着自组装成片状材料。棒状材料的生长过程出现了两种情况,第一种与片状形成过程相同,第二种则是先形成片状,然后片状发生卷曲形成棒状材料,棒状材料再定向附着自组装成长径比不同的棒状材料。花状、海绵状、树枝状等复杂形貌的形成则是基于片状或棒状材料,通过氢键自组装而成。自组装过程会受到表面活性剂或模板剂、溶剂、沉淀剂、酸碱度等因素的影响。研究者们发现利用水热法制备纳米材料时,引入合适的表面活性剂或模板剂,能够促使低维纳米结构单元进行有序自组装而形成结晶度好、尺寸均匀的特殊形貌纳米材料。通过改变表面活性剂或模板剂、溶剂、沉淀剂的种类和剂量及酸碱度等因素,影响纳米颗粒的生长方向、生长速率及颗粒之间的作用力,进而控制产品的形貌和尺寸。本文对近年来国内外利用自组装技术制备特殊形貌无机纳米材料的研究成果进行了介绍,分析讨论了自组装过程的影响因素,并对自组装制备特殊形貌无机纳米材料的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望,以期为制备性能优越的特殊形貌纳米材料提供参考。     

贵金属纳米材料形貌控制合成的研究进展

调控粒子的形貌和尺寸是改变贵金属纳米颗粒催化性能的一种重要方式,简要评述了贵金属纳米材料的几种形貌控制合成方法以及常见贵金属催化剂形貌控制合成的研究进展,并对贵金属纳米材料形貌控制工作在光催化研究领域的应用提出了设想。     

花状纳米金属及金属化合物的合成及其电磁性能研究

三维花状结构的纳米金属及金属化合物材料作为纳米材料的一个重要组成部分,由于其特殊的形貌和复杂的结构而具备许多块状或者低维纳米材料不具备的性质,在光、电、磁、催化和传感方面显示出巨大的应用前景.综述了近年来有关花状结构纳米金属及金属化合物的合成、性能及其应用,分别介绍了花状纳米金属及金属化合物的主要合成方法,阐述了各种花状纳米金属及金属化合物的电磁性质及其在相关领域的应用.     

钛纳米管的水热合成研究及应用进展

钛纳米管是一种新型一维管状纳米材料,合成方法中研究得最深入的是水热法。钛纳米管具有的特殊性质使其在催化、负载、光电化学、吸附和离子交换等领域有着潜在的应用前景。本文综述了近5年来研究者们对钛纳米管组成成分、形成机理、及水热条件对产物形貌影响的研究进展,介绍了其应用研究现状。     

银树枝状纳米结构阵列的制备与性能研究

形貌及尺寸规整可控的纳米晶体的合成是目前十分引人注目的纳米材料研究领域,制备合成中的形貌调控及其功能化是这些纳米材料能够得到应用的关键问题。采用直接水相还原法在聚丙烯酸钠保护下制备了银树枝形纳米结构,并将这种银树枝纳米晶溶胶滴加在经过预处理的玻璃基底上,通过自组装制备了银纳米树枝结构阵列。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了这种样品的微观结构,并用透射率测试研究了其光学性能。     

不同形貌NiMoO4纳米材料及其复合材料的制备和应用研究进展

NiMoO_4纳米材料及其复合材料具有优异的电化学性质,尤其优异的循环稳定性和电容保持率使其在能量存储应用方面有巨大的潜力。为此,综述了纳米阵列、纳米线、纳米片、纳米棒、纳米球等形貌NiMoO_4纳米材料及其复合材料的制备方法,概述了不同反应条件对NiMoO_4纳米材料形貌的影响,总结了其应用在锂离子电池、超级电容器领域时表现出的优异性能,并对NiMoO_4纳米材料的可控合成进行了前景展望。     

银纳米材料可控制备的研究进展

Ag纳米材料具有独特的光学性、高导电性、高催化性和高抗菌性,在光电、催化及抗菌等领域中占有重要地位,而纳米Ag各种优异性能依赖于其尺寸、形貌和结构等.因此,纳米Ag可控制备的研究成为热点.按照粒子维度,将纳米Ag分为零维、一维和二维结构,对不同结构Ag纳米材料的合成方法及研究现状做简要概述,并总结Ag纳米材料的应用进展.     

磁性纳米材料的控制合成及介观特性研究进展

由于纳米材料具有不同于宏观块材的特性,诸如量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应等,越来越多的科学家致力于纳米材料的合成和介观特性的研究,推广其在现实生产生活中的应用。磁性纳米材料,如铁、钴、镍等,具有独特的磁学和催化等介观特性,近年来得到了广泛关注。发展高度可控且温和、简便的合成方法,构筑具有优异特性的新型纳米结构,实现对目标材料物理、化学性质的剪裁,已经发展成为无机纳米材料合成的重要发展方向。目前,磁性纳米材料的合成方法取得了广泛的研究,可以有效实现磁性纳米材料的可控合成及组装。通过对材料的微结构调控可以有效控制材料的尺寸、形貌、成分及表界面性质,从而实现对磁性纳米材料的磁学、催化等介观性质的优化。     

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon‐based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.     

Amorphous/Crystalline Hetero‐Phase Pd Nanosheets: One‐Pot Synthesis and Highly Selective Hydrogenation Reaction

Similar to heterostructures composed of different materials, possessing unique properties due to the synergistic effect between different components, the crystal‐phase heterostructures, one variety of hetero‐phase structures, composed of different crystal phases in monometallic nanomaterials are herein developed, in order to explore crystal‐phase‐based applications. As novel hetero‐phase structures, amorphous/crystalline heterostructures are highly desired, since they often exhibit unique properties, and hold promise in various applications, but these structures have rarely been studied in noble metals. Herein, via a one‐pot wet‐chemical method, a series of amorphous/crystalline hetero‐phase Pd nanosheets is synthesized with different crystallinities for the catalytic 4‐nitrostyrene hydrogenation. The chemoselectivity and activity can be fine‐tuned by controlling the crystallinity of the as‐synthesized Pd nanosheets. This work might pave the way to preparing various hetero‐phase nanostructures for promising applications.     

Emerging 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials with remarkable potential for biomedical applications. The planar topography of these nanomaterials confers unique physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties, making them attractive candidates for therapeutic delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, regenerative medicine, and additive manufacturing strategies. The high surface-to-volume ratio of 2D nanomaterials promotes enhanced interactions with biomolecules and cells. A range of 2D nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), layered silicates (nanoclays), 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal–organic framework (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and polymer nanosheets have been investigated for their potential in biomedical applications. Here, we will critically evaluate recent advances of 2D nanomaterial strategies in biomedical engineering and discuss emerging approaches and current limitations associated with these nanomaterials. Due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, this new class of nanomaterials has the potential to become a platform technology in regenerative medicine and other biomedical applications.     

Aptamer‐Assembled Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications

Aptamers represent a class of single‐stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that play important roles in biosensing and biomedical applications. However, aptamers can gain more flexibility as molecular recognition tools by taking advantage of the unique chemical and physical properties provided by nanomaterials. Such aptamer–nanomaterial conjugates are having an increasing impact in the fields of biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. The recent advances and limitations of aptamer‐assembled nanomaterials in biosensing and biomedical applications are briefly introduced and discussed.     

Recent progress in synthesis,properties and potential applications of SiC nanomaterials

As nanotechnology rapidly advanced over the past decades, a variety of nanomaterials have been developed and studied. Among them, SiC nanomaterials have recently attracted increasing attention for their demonstrated unique chemical and physical properties as well as wide potential applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the synthesis, novel properties, and applications of SiC nanomaterials. It begins with the introduction of various techniques used for the rational design and synthesis of SiC nanomaterials, with an emphasis on vapor-based and solution-based methods. Discussion is then made on the mechanical, luminescent, electrical, thermal, and wetting properties of SiC nanomaterials as well as the characterizations that reveal them. Thereafter, various intriguing applications particularly in composites, field emitters, field effect transistors, sensors, nanoelectromechanical devices, catalyst, supercapacitors, bioimaging probes and microwave absorbers are highlighted. Finally, this review is concluded with an outlook of future research on SiC nanomaterials, major challenges to be met and possible solutions.     

A review of the preparation and application of magnetic nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

In recent years, the unique properties of magnetic functional nanomaterials have received considerable attentions and show promising applications in separation, detection, diagnosis, catalysis, environment remediation and so on. Specifically, introducing magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) into traditional sensing techniques greatly simplifies detection operation and improves sensing performances, which makes magnetic nanomaterial-based sensing techniques become a hot research topic. Compared with other sensing techniques such as chromatography, fluorescence, mass spectrum and electrochemistry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) displays unique properties of high-sensitivity, fingerprint specificity and nondestructive detection. The introduction of MNPs in SERS has proven to be an efficient way to resolve several critical challenges in practical SERS analysis leading to highly efficient target separation and enrichment, high-sensitive detection and precise outcomes analysis. This makes the MNPs involved SERS analysis a powerful technique with very appealing and promising application in various branches of analytical science. In this review, we first briefly introduced the preparation, encapsulation and surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles, assembly of magnetic nanoparticle–plasmonic substrates and then discussed their applications in SERS analysis, including biomedical application, environmental analysis, food safety and chemical reaction monitoring. Finally, we presented some outlooks on further developments of magnetic nanoparticles in SERS applications.     

Recent Progress on Fabrications and Applications of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials:A Review

Boron nitride(BN) nanostructures with complementary functions to their carbon counterparts are one of the most intriguing nanomaterials.Here we devote a compact review on the syntheses of BN nanomaterials:typical zero-dimensional(OD) fullerenes and nanoparticles,one-dimensional(1D) nanotubes and nanoribbons,two-dimensional(2D) nanosheets as well as three-dimensional(3D) nanoporous BN.Combining low-dimensional quantum confinement and surface effects with unique physical and chemical properties of BN,e.g.excellent electric insulation,wide band gap,and high chemical and thermal stability,BN nanomaterials have drawn particular attention in a variety of potential applications,e.g.luminescence,functional composites,hydrogen accumulators,and advanced insulators,which are also reviewed.     

Advancement of Ag–Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Overview of Synthesis and Its Applications

Graphene has been employed as an excellent support for metal nanomaterials because of its unique structural and physicochemical properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with exceptional properties have received considerable attention in various fields; however, particle aggregation limits its application. Therefore, the combination of AgNPs and graphene based nanocomposites (Ag–graphene based nanocomposites) has been widely explored to improve their properties and applications. Excitingly, enhanced antimicrobial, catalytic, and surface enhanced Raman scattering properties are obtained after their combination. In order to have a comprehensive knowledge of these nanocomposites, this Review highlights the chemical and biological synthesis of Ag–graphene nanocomposites. In particular, their applications as antimicrobial agents, catalysts, and sensors in biomedicine, agricultural protection, and environmental remediation and detection are covered. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the synthesis and applications are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, several important issues on the challenges and new directions are also provided for further development of these nanocomposites.     

Chemical Design of Palladium‐Based Nanoarchitectures for Catalytic Applications

Palladium (Pd) plays an important role in numerous catalytic reactions, such as methanol and ethanol oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogenation, coupling reactions, and carbon monoxide oxidation. Creating Pd‐based nanoarchitectures with increased active surface sites, higher density of low‐coordinated atoms, and maximized surface coverage for the reactants is important. To address the limitations of pure Pd, various Pd‐based nanoarchitectures, including alloys, intermetallics, and supported Pd nanomaterials, have been fabricated by combining Pd with other elements with similar or higher catalytic activity for many catalytic reactions. Herein, recent advances in the preparation of Pd‐based nanoarchitectures through solution‐phase chemical reduction and electrochemical deposition methods are summarized. Finally, the trend and future outlook in the development of Pd nanocatalysts toward practical catalytic applications are discussed.     

Selenium nanomaterials: An overview of recent developments in synthesis,properties and potential applications

Advances in science and nanotechnology have facilitated the development of new methods for the preparation of pure selenium as selenium nanomaterials. They offer remarkable potential for technological applications in the fields of medicine, diagnostics, therapeutics, toxicology, electronics, catalysis and so on. Moreover, selenium nanomaterials also find applications in photographic exposure metres, rectifiers, signal emitting devices and transmitting devices, because of their unique structural, optical and electronic properties. This study describes a detailed advanced report on the synthesis, assembly, characterization and various applications of selenium nanomaterials. In addition, relevant synthesis methods, properties, challenges and opportunities associated with selenium nanomaterials are also presented.