碳化钨颗粒尺寸对WC-CoCr粉末及涂层物相的影响

为了研究碳化钨颗粒尺寸对WC-Co Cr涂层物相的影响,本文选取了4种粒径的碳化钨颗粒为原料,采用喷雾干燥-烧结法制备了对应的喷涂粉末,采用超音速火焰喷涂法制备了相应的涂层。根据粉末及涂层X射线衍射结果,利用绝热法计算了粉末及涂层中各物相的相对含量,结果表明随着WC颗粒尺寸的增大,粉末及涂层中的碳化钨保留率增加,碳化钨粒径为2μm时,粉体中WC保留率为98.28%,涂层中WC保留率为97.11%;但碳化钨颗粒粒径分别为0.18μm和0.2μm,粉末和涂层的物相受碳化钨内部微观缺陷的影响明显,较多缺陷的碳化钨颗粒更易形成Co3W3C相,碳化钨保留率降为58.17%。     

碳化钨喷涂粉末在超音速火焰喷涂过程中的失碳研究

失碳是影响碳化钨涂层性能的关键因素之一。本文分别以纳米碳化钨和微米碳化钨为原料制备了两种喷涂粉末,采用水冷法收集了超音速火焰喷涂过程中的粉末,并制备了对应的涂层。利用X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪测量了水冷收集粉末和涂层的物相组成和表层的物相,采用高频燃烧红外吸收法测定了粉末和涂层中的碳含量。结果表明,喷涂过程中在粒子飞行过程中出现了W_2C,在颗粒撞击后凝固阶段出现了Co_3W_3C。纳米碳化钨粉末的含碳量由5.13%降至喷涂过程中的4.93%,在涂层中的含碳量为4.67%,微米碳化钨含碳量由5.25%降至喷涂过程中的5.09%,在涂层中的含碳量为4.97%。     

WC粉末粒度对超音速火焰喷涂WC-CoCr涂层组织性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备了纳米结构、双峰结构和常规结构3种WC-CoCr复合涂层。探讨了不同WC粉末粒度对涂层沉积过程的脱碳行为、涂层微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随WC颗粒尺寸减小,涂层脱碳率增大,W_2C含量增加,孔隙率降低,涂层的显微硬度和界面结合强度增大;但是纳米结构涂层中粘结相的非晶化现象严重,断裂韧度显著下降;双峰结构涂层因纳米、亚微米WC颗粒的合理搭配和协同效应表现出最好的断裂韧性,同时兼具较高的显微硬度和界面结合强度。     

钛表面厚碳化钨涂层研究进展

钛表面制备厚的碳化钨耐磨涂层的方法主要有喷焊、喷涂、激光熔覆3种。火焰喷焊可在钛表面制备2 400μm厚的WC耐磨涂层,涂层性能稳定,与基体为冶金结合;可通过预活化钛合金表面、增加重熔、中温回火等方式改善涂层性能。采用超音速火焰技术喷涂团聚烧结型的WC-Co粉末,可在钛表面制备4 153μm厚的耐磨层,涂层易出现W_2C脆性相、η反应相;通过工艺控制,涂层孔隙率可小于1%。采用激光熔覆可在钛表面制备2 900μm厚的WC耐磨层,涂层与基体虽为冶金结合,但存在裂纹、气孔等缺陷。3种方法均可制备毫米级厚的WC耐磨涂层,这种厚涂层将大大延长设备的使用寿命。     

WC-Co(Cr)超音速火焰喷涂粉末和涂层性能

采用喷雾造粒和真空烧结工艺制备粒度15~45μm的WC-12%Co(WC12Co)、WC-17%Co(WC17Co)、WC-10%Co-4%Cr(WC10Co4Cr)球形喷涂粉末,并采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)法在同一喷涂参数下制备WC12Co,WC17Co,WC10Co4Cr涂层,应用金相显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等表征粉末和涂层的结构和性能。结果表明:制备的3种碳化钨基喷涂粉末球形度高,流动性好(~13s/50g),松装密度接近(4.8~5.0 g/cm3),粉末物相均为WC和Co相,各粉末微观结构和物理性能均满足液体燃料HVOF喷涂要求;3种粉末制备的涂层的沉积率高(52%~55%)、孔隙率低(1.1%)、显微硬度高(1200~1 300 HV300g);各涂层脱碳程度小,涂层物相均为WC、W2C和非晶或纳米晶相;相同喷涂工艺下WC17Co、WC12Co、WC10Co4Cr涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能依次增强,同时WC10Co4Cr涂层具有较强的耐盐雾腐蚀性能。     

HVOF制备WC-12Co太阳能选择性吸收涂层性能的研究

本文选用微米、亚微米和纳米结构三种WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合材料,采用超音速火焰喷涂方法（HVOF）制备了金属陶瓷太阳能选择性吸收涂层,测量了WC-12Co太阳能选择性吸收涂层的吸收率和发射率,并探讨了制备工艺、粉末中WC颗粒尺寸和涂层厚度对涂层性能的影响。     

WC粒度对超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用制粒?高温快速烧结法制备两种分别含亚微米级和微米级WC粒径的WC-10Co-4Cr喷涂粉末,并用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在45#钢基体上制备涂层;利用扫描电子显微镜和电化学工作站分别对涂层的显微形貌及耐腐蚀性能进行分析检测,探讨WC粒度对涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响和涂层的电化学腐蚀机理。研究结果表明：两种涂层组织致密,界面结合良好;含亚微米级WC粒径的涂层具有相对较低的孔隙率,使其涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于含微米级WC粒径的涂层。在3.5%NaCl溶液中涂层的硬质相WC和粘结相Co发生电偶腐蚀,且低电位的Co相优先腐蚀,导致WC颗粒脱落,出现凹坑及点蚀现象。     

喷雾转换法制备超细晶WC-12Co复合粉末HVOF涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,以喷雾转换法制备的超细晶WC-12Co复合粉末为热喷涂粉末原料,在45#钢基体上制备WC-12Co涂层,并测试涂层的显微硬度、开裂韧性及抗磨粒磨损性能,利用XRD对复合粉末及涂层进行相结构分析,用SEM对复合粉末及涂层截面进行显微观察。结果表明,在喷涂过程中,多孔空壳球形复合粉末中WC颗粒有明显的脱碳分解发生,涂层中含有W2C、Co2W4C、W和非晶相;涂层组织呈典型的层状结构,WC晶粒有圆润化和长大现象;涂层显微硬度HV0.3/10平均值为1 084、开裂韧性平均值为5.24 MPa·m1/2,涂层表面抗磨损性能随粗糙度降低和硬度增加而提高,平均磨损质量损失为0.783mg/min。     

喷雾转化法纳米WC/6Co复合粉形貌研究

纳米碳化钨钴复合粉体具有重要的工程应用和市场发展潜力。针对纳米碳化钨钴复合粉形貌难以精确控制这一问题,本文以偏钨酸铵(AMT)、可溶性钴盐、有机碳源为原材料,以蒸馏水为溶剂,不添加WC晶粒长大抑制剂,制备钨钴碳混合溶液,再采用喷雾转化(SCP)和连续低温还原碳化法制备了纳米碳化钨钴复合粉;研究了喷雾转化过程中溶液浓度、进料速度、离心转速和转化温度4个关键因素对纳米碳化钨钴复合粉松装密度、WC晶粒度及微观形貌的影响。研究表明:通过喷雾转化法制备的纳米碳化钨钴复合粉呈空壳球形结构,Co相发生熔化使大多WC被粘结在一起,WC颗粒之间存在明显的烧结颈,颗粒表面存在大量孔隙,部分颗粒存在破裂现象;WC平均晶粒度小于200 nm;离心转速是影响粉末松装密度、WC晶粒度及颗粒形貌的最主要因素;离心转速越大,复合粉末颗粒越小,松装密度越大;同时转化温度越高,WC晶粒度越小,复合粉末颗粒越易破裂。     

TA2纯钛表面激光熔覆WC7Co/TC4复合涂层的组织演变特性

选用抗氧化性和韧性良好的WC7Co陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,利用激光熔覆的方法在TA2纯钛表面制备WC7Co/TC4复合耐磨涂层,借助扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计,分析表征复合涂层显微组织特征、WC7Co陶瓷颗粒界面反应行为以及复合涂层中相的演变规律。结果表明:根据激光熔覆过程中WC7Co颗粒的演变状态,复合涂层中存在2种典型显微组织,分别为未分解WC7Co颗粒强化组织和WC7Co分解后与Ti反应生成的W、TiC和Ti的共晶组织;复合涂层中WC7Co颗粒与TC4基质结合界面形成了2～3μm的反应层,反应生成物主要为W和TiC;复合涂层中的物相主要为Ti固溶体、W单质及TiC、VC、Co_3W_3C、W_2C等化合物。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.