改性兰炭用于焦化废水深度处理实验研究

水蒸气高温改性兰炭用于深度处理焦化废水,考察了吸附时间、pH值、吸附剂用量、温度等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在室温25℃、废水pH值为4、投加量20g／L条件下吸附120min后,焦化废水深度处理过程COD去除率在50％以上。Freundlich吸附等温线表明,改性兰炭对焦化废水出水进行深度处理时吸附性能较好。     

焦化废水COD氨氮降解技术

焦化废水含有机废水,用活性污泥法处理对含氮化合物及构成COD难生物降解的污染物却很难奏效。本文研究采用缺氧——压氧——好氧(即A/A/o)处理工艺,不仅可使COD、氨氮达标排放,对其它污染物处理效果优于活性污泥法。     

降解冷轧含油废水中COD技术的研究

介绍了邯钢冷轧废水处理站应用固定化微生物技术来降解含油废水中的COD,通过实验数据,研究分析了利用Gaia-BAF技术对冷轧含油废水COD的降解效果。     

含氰废水光化学降解的试验研究

对含氰废水进行了不同自然光照条件下的降解模拟试验研究。试验结果表明,光照越强,氰化物降解越快;温度、pH值、搅拌速度对自然光降解氰化物影响较大,温度越高pH值越小、搅拌速度越高．氰化物降解越快,去除率越高。同时,还对比试验了紫外光照条件下的氰化物降解,结果表明,紫外光对氰化物的降解速度远高于自然光。用溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2为微细粉末状晶体,在光氧化舍氰废水中催化效果较好。在最佳试验条件下,降解质量浓度为14．81mg／L的含氰废水需150min即可达到排放标准。对降解反应的动力学进行了分析,结果表明,光化学降解氰化物为一级反应。     

兰炭烘干的实验研究

实验考察了温度、时间因素对兰炭烘干过程中物料温度、水分的影响,给出了兰炭物料在特定条件下的干燥速率曲线,并对影响干燥过程的物性参数进行测量。结果表明:在兰炭自燃安全温度范围内,干燥介质温度越高,干燥速率越快;物料温度自干燥开始即进入上升阶段,分别在30 min、35 min及60 min左右接近于最高温度,且略低于热空气温度。实验结果将为兰炭立式烘干装置的优化设计提供基础实验数据。     

影响TiO2催化降解有机物废水效率的主要因素

介绍了近年来国内外有机物废水光催化降解的研究现状，及不同催化剂体系对各种有机物的降解效果。通过对以TiO2为主的光催化剂在不同催化剂结构和不同反应因素等条件下降解效果的比较，论述了TiO2光催化剂的优越性、不足和影响机制。并指出了光催化降解有机物废水技术需要进一步解决的问题。     

低阶煤热解与兰炭生产工艺研究进展

当今社会,化石能源日益枯竭,充分高效利用现有资源和开发新的可再生资源十分必要.低阶煤挥发分高,燃烧性和反应性较好,直接燃烧无法充分发掘其所蕴含的潜在价值.热解技术作为一种能够高效利用煤炭资源的技术,受到许多学者的重视.根据低阶煤在不同转化阶段反应性不同的特点,通过控制煤的热解过程可以制得兰炭.兰炭的气化活性优于焦炭和无...     

废FCC催化剂吸附苯酚废水

将炼油厂排放的废FCC(fluid catalytic cracking,流化催化裂化)催化剂粉末(含稀土元素2%)进行酸浸处理,其中的稀土及有价金属进入浸出液后得以回收,粉末残渣经过水洗、干燥后,分析其结构,并进行吸附苯酚废水的实验,考察吸附时间、苯酚的初始浓度、吸附温度及吸附方式等对苯酚吸附量的影响,分析废FCC催化剂残渣对苯酚的等温吸附特性。结果表明,吸附达到平衡需要60 min;pH在7.0~8.0时,苯酚的吸附量较大;苯酚的初始浓度越高,吸附量越大;温度对苯酚吸附量的影响较显著;Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程都可用于描述废FCC催化剂残渣对苯酚的等温吸附特征,Langmuir方程更为准确,通过计算,理论饱和吸附量为36.751 mg/g,实验测得饱和吸附容量为35.540 mg/g。     

阳极等离子体电解处理高盐废水中的苯酚

采用阳极等离子体电解处理高盐废水中的苯酚.研究了阳极等离子体产生的条件,以及废水中盐的浓度、苯酚的质量浓度和处理时间对废水中COD去除率的影响.实验结果表明,在苯酚质量浓度为0.2g·L^-1,NaCl浓度为0.4mol·L^-1的溶液中,施加90V槽电压,处理10min,苯酚的去除率达100%;处理20min,废水的COD值从0.464g·L^-1降到0.010g·L^-1,COD去除率可达97.8%.探讨了阳极等离子体电解处理高盐废水中苯酚的机理.     

溶剂浮选-高效液相色谱法测定工业废水中酚类化合物

建立了溶剂浮选-高效液相色谱法测定工业废水中酚类化合物的新方法。采用溶剂浮选法分离富集水体中壬基酚（NP）、辛基酚（OP）和双酚A（BPA）,用高效液相色谱法测定各组分含量。对影响浮选效果的参数如浮选溶剂、试液pH值、氮气流速、浮选时间等因素进行优化,优选出最佳浮选条件。方法检出限分别为：0.03 μg/L（BPA）,0.25 μg/L(OP),0.21 μg/L(NP)。采用所述方法对石化地区的水样进行测定,样品加标回收率为83%～110%,RSD为4.2%～5.9%。     

Modeling Cr(VI) Reduction and Phenol Degradation in a Coculture Biofilm Reactor

A transient-state model was developed to simulate simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and phenol degradation by a coculture of Cr(VI)-reducing/phenol-degrading bacteria growing on glass bead surfaces in a fixed-film bioreactor. The coculture consisted of the Cr(VI) reducers, Escherichia coli ATCC 33456, and the phenol degraders, Pseudomonas putida DMP-1. Phenol was supplied as the sole added carbon source and electron donor. The model simulated cell growth kinetics with E. coli utilizing metabolites formed from phenol degradation in P. putida as carbon sources. Substrate utilization and Cr(VI) reduction in the fixed-film bioreactor was represented by a system of (second-order) partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDE system was solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method adjusted for mass transport resistance by the second-order Crank–Nicholson and backward Euler methods. A heuristic procedure, genetic search algorithm, was used to optimize the model against experimental data. The model predicted effluent concentration with 98.6% confidence for Cr(VI), 93.4% confidence for phenol, and 88.3% confidence for metabolites. Parameters determined showed higher Cr(VI) and phenol removal kinetics in the biofilm system than previously observed in batch systems.     

Electronic properties and photodegradation ability of Nd-TiO2 for phenol

In this study, the photocatalytic activity of Nd-TiO₂ photocatalysts obtained by common hydrothermal method was evaluated by practical experiments and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) to study their physical/chemical properties. At the same time, the photoelectronic performance was also investigated. The photodegradation ability of as-prepared photocatalysts and the effect of Nd doped amount and photocatalysts dosage were investigated by the photodegradation of phenol (30 mg/L) under 400 W metal halide lamp (UV–Vis). The effect of Nd on electronic properties of TiO₂ and adsorption ability of phenol were discussed. Results show the red-shift wavelength of 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂, indicating that its absorption capacity is stronger than pristine TiO₂ in the same wavelength range. The result of DFT calculations demonstrates that the optical bandgap of Nd-TiO₂ is profoundly reduced, thus the light absorption ability is promoted, which will be responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Nd-TiO₂. 0.5 mol% Nd is an optimum value for photodegradation phenol, and phenol can be completely degraded by 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂ for 210 min, the higher catalytic performance is derived from the efficient separation of e^–/h⁺ pairs. Moreover, the adsorption energy calculations of phenol on TiO₂ (101) and Nd-TiO₂ (101) demonstrate that the Nd doping can significantly enhance the adsorption ability of phenol on catalyst surfaces because of the formation of Nd–O bonds. At last, the stability measurement through four recycles exhibits that 0.5 mol%Nd-TiO₂ possesses excellent stability.     

生化处理技术治理焦化废水的实践

采用HSB＋A／O生化处理技术改造南昌钢铁有限责任公司焦化污水处理系统，该系统投资少，运行成本低，外排废水达到GB13456—92要求。     

低温含油污水净水剂的研究

为了解决低温含油污水处理的难题,采用环氧氯丙烷开环聚合、二甲胺季胺化的方法合成阳离子净水剂CY-16.现场污水处理评价实验结果表明:与油田一些常用的净水剂相比,CY-16净水效果好、成本低.在投加15mg·L^-1 CY-16+5mg·L^-1 HPAM、水温20℃和沉降30min的条件下,处理后的水中含油量不超过10mg·L^-1,悬浮物含量不超过15mg·L^-1,悬浮物粒径平均中值也降至3.0μm左右.     

混凝法在选矿废水处理中的应用现状及发展

简要描述选矿废水的来源、特点及各种处理方法的优缺点。阐述混凝法的作用机理,着重分析混凝剂、水质状况及水力条件等因素对选矿废水处理产生的影响,介绍混凝法在铅锌矿、铁矿、黄金、钨矿和磷矿等废水处理的应用现状。最后指出混凝法在选矿废水处理中的发展方向是要加强对混凝作用机理与影响因素的研究,加大对高效混凝剂的研发,同时将混凝法与尾矿库自然沉降、浓密机技术有机结合,制定合理流程,实现选厂废水零排放。     

生化处理技术治理焦化废水的实践

采用HSB+A/O生化处理技术改造南昌钢铁有限责任公司焦化污水处理系统,该系统投资少,运行成本低,外排废水达到GB13456-92要求。