线-网电极离子风强化LED散热的 试验研究

针对功率型LED芯片传统散热方案能耗高、散热效率低的缺陷,设计了一种线-网电极离子风发生器,并通过试验研究其工作性能。以LED芯片的引脚温度和离子风风速为目标参量,探寻发生器在不同线电极数、放电间距及电源极性时的散热系统的工作特性．结果表明：发生器采用8线电极形式,放电间距为10mm,电晕电流为0.3mA时,散热效果最佳值,系统功耗较低;相同电压下,负电晕放电时产生的离子风速高于正电晕放电; 与自然对流方式相比,LED芯片引脚温度最大降幅为36℃,散热效果较为明显.     

基于平板热管的大功率LED散热系统模拟及优化

为解决大功率LED的散热问题,设计了平板热管散热器来实现LED芯片的高效散热。通过Flotherm模拟软件,对大功率LED在自然对流条件下的散热情况进行了三维数值模拟。通过平板热管与常规铜、铝散热基板对比,发现平板热管有效降低了大功率功率LED的结温和热阻,使得LED温度分布更为均匀。此外,还研究了平板热管LED散热系统在不同芯片功率下的热性能,并对四种不同排布方式的LED平板热管散热系统进行了优化,发现阵列分布其温度分布最为均匀,结温最低,是较优的排布方式。     

LED灯的液态金属冷却方法试验研究

提出LED灯的液体金属散热新方法,并研制出基于电磁泵(EP)驱动的散热系统原型。实验结果表明:在LED灯的输入功率达到25.7 W时,液态金属散热系统可将其基座温度维持在33.1℃,从而确保LED芯片安全运行。评估了EP输入功率、肋片及风扇对液态金属散热系统散热效果的影响。     

自散热片式LED-COB光源

提出了一种自散热片式LED-COB光源结构。将LED芯片放置在6061铝合金基板侧面,该侧面加工有光学反光槽。整个基板既作为LED芯片的支架,又作为散热片。LED芯片与外界环境之间只有固晶胶一层热阻,大大提高了LED散热系统的散热效率。所设计的COB光源的功率为1~2 W、散热面积为30 cm2、质量为1.9 g。经过测试,在环境温度为25℃、功率1.92 W、发光面处于顶部的竖直放置的条件下,红外热像仪测得散热片上的最高温度为66.2℃,通过正向电压法测得LED芯片的结温为72.4℃。自散热片式COB-LED光源不仅能提高LED灯具的散热性能,同时还能降低LED灯具的系统成本。     

功率型倒装结构LED系统热模拟及热阻分析

为了了解功率型倒装结构LED系统各部分热阻,找出LED系统散热关键,对功率型倒装结构LED系统进行了有限元热模拟,同时结合传热学基本原理分析了各部分的热阻.结果表明,LED系统中凸点,Si-submount管壳和散热体的自身热阻较小,而芯片、粘结剂、散热体-环境的热阻较大,占系统热阻主要部分.因此优化设计芯片与散热体,选取导热率高的粘结剂,可以有效降低LED系统的热阻,成为LED系统散热设计的关键.     

功率型倒装结构LED系统热模拟及热阻分析

为了了解功率型倒装结构LED系统各部分热阻,找出LED系统散热关键,对功率型倒装结构LED系统进行了有限元热模拟,同时结合传热学基本原理分析了各部分的热阻.结果表明,LED系统中凸点,Si-submount管壳和散热体的自身热阻较小,而芯片、粘结剂、散热体-环境的热阻较大,占系统热阻主要部分.因此优化设计芯片与散热体,选取导热率高的粘结剂,可以有效降低LED系统的热阻,成为LED系统散热设计的关键.     

GaN基功率型LED芯片散热性能测试与分析

与正装LED相比,倒装焊芯片技术在功率型LED的散热方面具有潜在的优势.对各种正装和倒装焊功率型LED芯片的表面温度分布进行了直接测试,对其散热性能进行了分析.研究表明,焊接层的材料、焊接接触面的面积和焊接层的质量是制约倒装焊LED芯片散热能力的主要因素;而对于正装LED芯片,由于工艺简单,减少了中间热沉,通过结构的优化,工艺的改进,完全可以达到与倒装焊LED芯片相同的散热能力.     

功率型白光LED封装的热分析

应用有限元方法研究了一种典型的白光LED封装结构的温度场、光波电磁场及热应力场的分布规律,分析结果表明:对支架式封装的功率型LED系统,当达到热稳态平衡时,在芯片上的温度达到最高,环氧透镜顶部表面的温度最低,对1 W功率芯片,在自然冷却时最高点与最低点温度差为5.4℃,在强制风冷时最高点与最低点温度差为2.5℃.LED温度场分布对光波电磁场有影响,芯片温度越高其发光强度下降也越快;温度引起的热应力主要集中在芯片附近,芯片与基板之间的焊料处也存在较大的应力.     

大功率LED封装有限元热分析

介绍了有限元软件在大功率LED封装热分析中的应用,对一种多层陶瓷金属(MLCMP)封装结构的LED进行了热模拟分析,比较了不同热沉材料的散热性能,模拟了输入功率以及强制空气冷却条件对芯片温度的影响.结果表明当达到热稳态平衡时,芯片上的温度最高,透镜顶部表面的温度最低,当输入功率达到3 W时,芯片温度超过了150℃,强制空冷能显著改善器件的散热性能.     

功率型白光LED的热特性研究

大功率LED照明单元在光通量提高的同时伴随着散热，且普通功率型白光LED多采用蓝光芯片激发荧光粉的方法，随着温度的提升，荧光粉对应的波长会发生漂移。本文从功率型白光LED的发热原理出发，试验了其在脉冲源作用下，用于照明的可能性。试验表明，在此激励源的作用下，LED输出与散热很好，并从理论上进行了解释。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.