金属包覆材料固-液铸轧复合技术研究进展

金属包覆材料属于典型层状金属复合材料,是航空航天、石油化工、电力电子等领域的关键材料,其高效成形与性能控制技术一直是行业难点和国际研究热点.首先系统梳理了目前国内外金属包覆材料的典型制备工艺,并且根据初始时基体与覆层物理状态的不同将其分为3类,分别是固-固相复合法、固-液相复合法和液-液相复合法,对比分析了各种制备工艺的成形原理和主要特点.随后,从工艺原理、成形机理、复合机理、工艺优化等方面重点介绍了金属包覆材料固-液铸轧复合技术的最新研究进展.分析结果表明,以固-液铸轧复合技术为代表的融合塑性变形的固-液相复合工艺将成为行业未来一个重要发展方向,并且以固-液相复合法和液-液相复合法进行初态复合组坯,以固-固相复合法进行终态性能调控的一体化组合成形工艺具有良好发展前景.     

室温下负载金属炭材料储氢的溢流机理研究

阐述了氢溢流机理的基本概念,总结了氢在负载金属上的吸附位置和解离方式、氢在金属颗粒与炭材料间的扩散方式、氢在炭表面上的吸附位和解吸机理。指出了负载金属炭材料在储氢应用中的多元合金和表面官能团等研究方向。     

轻质金属-铝氢化物贮氢材料的研究进展

介绍了几种轻质金属-铝氢化物贮氢材料的吸放氢机理和研究进展.轻质金属-铝氢化物贮氢密度高,但存在动力学性能差、放氢温度高、可逆反应程度低等缺点,目前主要通过掺杂催化剂、降低材料的颗粒尺寸等方法来创提高吸放氢的速率和效率.随着研究的深入,轻质金属-铝氢化物在贮氢方面将有广阔的发展前景.     

氢敏材料与器件的研究进展

氢气的检测具有重要的学术意义和广阔的应用前景.氢敏传感器发展的关键在于高品质氢敏材料的研制.本文根据氢敏材料工作原理的不同,分别介绍了电化学型、半导体型、热导型和光学型四类氢敏传感器及相应氢敏材料的国内外研究最新进展,着重描述了各类氢敏材料的作用机制和改性途径,并展望了氢敏材料及氢敏传感器的发展方向.     

氢与金属的微观交互作用研究进展

许多重要的金属及其合金在冶炼、服役过程中常由于吸收氢而导致其力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的下降,这些性能下降严重威胁着金属材料在机械制造业、基础设施行业和能源行业中服役的安全。氢对金属材料的影响主要体现为氢脆和氢损伤两个方面,提高材料抗氢性能的关键及前提在于理解氢与常见材料微观缺陷的交互作用。近些年来原位透射电镜技术、定量纳米力学测试技术、原子探针技术等实验手段的快速发展极大地促进了氢脆/氢损伤微观机理的研究。简要综述了氢脆/氢损伤微观机理研究领域的研究进展,重点关注了氢对空位、位错、界面等材料微观缺陷行为的影响。     

金属合金及碳材料储氢的研究进展

论述了金属合金和碳材料的储氢机理、吸放氢量和动力学性能;探讨了活性金属Ni、Pd、Li和K对碳材料储氢的催化性能和金属Mg与多壁纳米碳管、碳纳米纤维、高比表面积活性炭、无烟煤和纳米石墨等碳材料复合储氢的性能及机理;指出了储氢材料应该向Li、Na、Mg、Al、B等轻元素和无烟煤、石墨等储量大、赋存广、成本低的碳材料方向发展.     

耐铝液腐蚀材料的研究与进展

耐铝液腐蚀材料的研究分为整体材料和表面处理材料两大类.整体材料有金属、金属间化合物、无机非金属及复合材料;表面处理包括化学热处理及表面涂层.分别阐述了整体材料及表面处理材料的优点、缺点及应用.总结了金属在铝液中的腐蚀机理以及涂层在铝液中的失效机理,并指出了耐铝液腐蚀材料的发展方向.     

氢能的研究进展

随着可再生能源和生物制氢在氢源的开发、制氢源的开发和制氢技术中的不断拓展,高密度固体储氢材料的进一步研发,以及受燃料电池研究的驱动,氢能系统已经成为洁净能源研究的热点。综述了氢能系统中氢源的开发和制氢、储氢、输氢以及氢能利用5个技术领域的最新研究进展,旨在明确这些技术领域研究中的关键问题及主要研究方向。     

金属-有机骨架材料水相合成路线研究进展

金属-有机骨架材料具有优异的物理化学性质,因而在气体储存、吸附分离、药物传输、超级电容器、催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景.然而大多数金属-有机骨架材料的合成通常需要用到大量的有机溶剂,而这些有机溶剂的使用不仅会增加金属-有机骨架材料的生产成本,且极易对环境造成影响.基于此,理想的合成路线是用水代替有害的有机溶剂,以降低成本及减轻其对环境的影响.本文总结了近期金属-有机骨架材料水相合成路线的研究进展,重点概括了不同水相合成法制备金属-有机骨架材料的机理,并分析了各种方法的优缺点.此外,还讨论了当前绿色且低成本工业化生产金属-有机骨架材料存在的问题以及未来可能的发展方向.     

外场在轻金属氢化物储氢体系中的应用

清洁能源的开发是缓解日益严峻的能源危机的关键,以氢能为代表的绿色二次能源正受到越来越多的关注。然而,安全、高效的氢气储运技术的缺失严重阻碍了氢能的规模化、实用化发展。在已报道的多种储运氢技术中,固态储氢因具有安全性高、储氢密度高、操作压力低等特点而成为研究的热点和重点,尤其是轻金属固态氢化物储氢材料。但是,轻金属氢化物较高的吸/放氢操作温度与缓慢的吸/放氢速率阻碍了其实用化发展。尽管近年来有关优化金属氢化物储氢性能的报道层出不穷,但距离实用化仍有一定差距。微波、光、超声、等离子体与电场等外场自提出以来,已经在化工、物理、材料等多个领域被广泛研究。近年来,外场在储氢领域的应用也逐渐获得研究人员的关注并取得了重要进展,如对外场辅助制备储氢材料、改善吸/放氢性能等方面已有广泛研究。在储氢系统中引入外场有望进一步提升材料储氢的综合性能,助力金属氢化物储氢技术迈向实用化。虽然外场在储氢领域展现出一定的发展潜力和研究价值,但其反应机理和实际应用还有待进一步深入探索和研究。主要介绍近期有关外场应用在金属氢化物储氢体系中的作用机理和研究进展。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.