多尺度级联行人检测算法的研究与实现

行人检测算法是利用行人的特征结合分类器对图片中是否有行人进行判断的方法。文中基于传统的HOG行人特征检测方法以及Adaboost分类器思想,改进了行人检测算法。使用多尺度的HOG特征对图片的检测区域进行特征提取,并采用级联的Adaboost分类器结合对应尺度的特征进行分类判断,将判断结果输入下一级分类器中继续进行分类判断,最终实现区域内有无人的检测。实验结果表明多尺度下的级联分类器能够更加有效地筛选出行人区域,在计算时间小幅增加的情况下,很大地提高了检测精度。     

基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法

传统的HOG算法针对整幅图像进行行人特征提取,大量的非人窗口计算必然降低检测的准确率和效率。为此,提出一种基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法。利用OTSU算法以最佳阈值分割图像,在分割区域的基础上进行Canny边缘检测,通过边缘的对称性计算确定行人候选区,继而采用经PCA方法降维后的HOG特征和隐马尔可夫模型对行人候选区进行检测验证。最后,以确定的行人区域为跟踪窗口,利用CamShift算法跟踪行人。多组实验结果证明,本文方法的行人检测效率和精度均有所提高,跟踪性能稳定、可靠。     

基于PCA降维的多特征级联的行人检测

在行人检测中,针对梯度方向直方图(HOG)冗余信息过多、检测速度慢等不足,提出了运用PCA降维的多特征级联的行人检测。首先利用PCA对HOG特征进行降维,其次将HOG特征和Gabor特征、颜色特征级联作为行人检测的特征,最后使用SVM的径向基(RBF)核函数进行分类。在INRIA行人库上的实验表明,该方法不但提高了分类的速度,而且提高了检测的准确率。     

一种基于HOG与LSS融合的行人检测算法

针对传统HOG特征的行人检测方法中因遮挡及复杂环境存在较高漏检误检情况,建立了一种基于HOG和局部自相似(LSS)特征融合的行人检测算法。利用LSS反映图像内在几何布局和形状属性的特性,用主成分分析(PCA)将HOG和LSS两类特征在实数域降维,再将两种特征组合成新特征,结合线性SVM分类器进行行人检测。实验采用INRIA数据库和Daimler数据库作为训练集训练SVM,用730幅监控视频帧图片作测试集,将该方法与基于传统HOG特征的行人检测方法做对比,结果表明该方法平均漏检误检率降低16%,检测效果优于基于传统HOG特征的行人检测方法。     

改进的基于增强型HOG的行人检测算法

行人检测在人工智能系统、车辆辅助驾驶系统和智能监控等领域具有重要的应用,是当前的研究热点.针对HOG特征不明显、支持向量机(SVM)分类器计算复杂度高,导致识别率低和检测速度慢的问题,本文提出了一种改进的基于增强型HOG的行人检测算法.该算法首先预处理原始图像并提取其HOG特征,然后增强该特征生成增强型HOG,经XGBoost分类器进行行人检测.在INRIA数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明所提算法识别率高达95.49%,有效地提高了行人检测性能.     

利用腿部区域HOG特征的行人检测方法

为快速定位车辆前方的行人,提出一种基于腿部感兴趣区域梯度方向直方图（HOG）特征的行人检测方法。将可能存在行人腿部的区域作为感兴趣区域,采用Sobel算子增强腿部垂直边缘特征,并提取梯度方向直方图特征,有效地降低了特征向量的维数;在检测过程中仅扫描可能存在行人腿部的图像下半部分,并在整幅图像的块内计算HOG特征,减少了复杂背景对行人检测干扰,进一步简化了检测过程;基于垂直边缘对称性特征对检测结果进行融合。实验结果表明,该算法能在保持检测率的同时提高检测速度。     

基于稀疏表达和机器学习的行人检测技术研究

针对行人检测技术在智能交通系统中的应用,为了提高行人检测方法的有效性、实时性和准确性,将稀疏表达应用到图像的特征压缩中,提出一种基于HOG和LTP特征训练SVM分类器进行行人检测的方法。基于HOG和LTP特征训练SVM分类器进行行人检测的方法有效地结合了图像的梯度特征和纹理特征,利用稀疏表达进行特征数据的压缩可以有效地加速算法。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有精度高、速度快等优点。     

基于边缘对称性和HOG的行人检测方法

传统基于HOG特征的行人检测方法存在检测速度慢的问题。为此,提出一种基于边缘对称性和HOG的行人检测方法。利用对称差分提取输入窗口的垂直边缘,根据垂直边缘的对称性快速检测出行人候选区,采用HOG特征和线性支持向量机对行人候选区进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法在保持传统方法检测率的同时,能提高检测速度。     

基于BING似物性检测的行人快速检测算法*

针对传统滑动窗行人检测速度慢、实时性差的问题,提出了一种基于似物性的行人快速检测算法。首先,算法通过提取正负训练样本的规范化二进制梯度特征,训练级联SVM分类器得到行人似物检测模型。然后利用尺寸调节和聚类算法对初始候选区域进行聚类融合,进一步优化行人候选窗口区域。最后,提取各候选区域的HOG特征并利用SVM分类器对其进行进一步行人检测。实验结果表明：本算法在保证行人检测率的同时在检测实时性上有明显提高。     

多特征融合的道路车辆检测方法

通过改进基于Haar-like特征和Adaboost的级联分类器,提出一种融合Haar-like特征和HOG特征的道路车辆检测方法。在传统级联分类器的Harr-like特征基础上引入HOG特征;为Haar-like特征和HOG特征分别设计不同形式的弱分类器,对每一个特征进行弱分类器的训练,用Gentle Adaboost算法代替Discrete Adaboost算法进行强分类器的训练;在级联分类器的最后几层上使用Adaboost算法挑选出来的特征组成特征向量训练SVM分类器。实验结果表明所提出的方法能有效检测道路车辆。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.