紫菜薹总花色苷对脂多糖诱发RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响

探讨紫菜薹总花色苷提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱发RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的调控作用。MTT法测定紫菜薹总花色苷对细胞的细胞毒性效果。酶联法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测细胞内一氧化氮(NO)、前列腺素E2(PGE2),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(Interlukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和IL-8的分泌水平。实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,q RT-PCR)测定细胞内诱导型一氧化碳合酶(i NOS)、环氧合酶2(COX-2)及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8等炎性细胞因子的m RNA转录水平。紫菜薹总花色苷提取物对细胞无明显的细胞毒性作用,能显著地抑制模型细胞中炎性介质(NO和PGE2)和炎性细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8)的分泌。同时,紫菜薹总花色苷还能显著抑制i NOS、COX-2以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的mRNA转录。结果提示,紫菜薹总花色苷能通过抑制细胞炎性介质以及炎性细胞因子的活性来显著改善LPS所诱发RAW264.7细胞发生的炎症反应。     

野生蒙古口蘑多糖通过STAT3和HIF-1α通路对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞发挥抗炎调节作用

研究蒙古口蘑多糖提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7细胞)炎症保护作用的机理。用不同预量质量浓度的蒙古口蘑多糖处理RAW264.7细胞,通过CCK-8法检测细胞活性;Griess法测定NO的产生量;酶联免疫吸附测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白介素1β(IL-1β);实时定量检测缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、诱导型一氧化氮和酶(iNOS)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)和环氧化酶2(COX-2)的mRNA表达量;免疫印迹检测HIF-1α、NF-κB、STAT3和COX-2蛋白质的表达量。结果表明,蒙古口蘑多糖提取物作用RAW264.7细胞的最大剂量为100μg/mL;与LPS模型组相比,蒙古口蘑多糖提取物质量浓度0.01、0.1、1、10μg/mL均能有效抑制NO(抑制率分别是38.21%、64.17%、58.16%和79.42%)、TNF-α(抑制率分别为27.91%、36.31%、36.14%、45.09%)和IL-1β(抑制率分别为47.75%、58.47%、60.21%、64.55%)的产生;在质量浓度为10μg/mL的蒙古口蘑多糖提取物作用下,除NF-κB外,HIF-1α、STAT3、COX-2和iNOS的mRNA的表达量均降低;免疫印迹的结果也显示,除NF-κB外,HIF-1α、NF-κB、STAT3及COX-2的蛋白质的表达量均有不同程度的降低。蒙古口蘑多糖提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞具有保护作用,其抗炎的机制主要通过JAK-STAT3及HIF-1α信号通路,而不主要通过NF-κB信号通路发挥作用。     

高核苷酸酵母水解物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞免疫调节的影响

为探讨高核苷酸酵母水解物对RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞免疫活性调节及其相关作用机制,采用脂多糖(1μg/mL)刺激RAW264.7细胞来建立体外细胞炎症模型,以不同质量浓度的高核苷酸酵母水解物干预来明确其抗炎效果。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量,RT-PCR法检测相关mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测细胞iNOS及胞核内核转录因子NF-κBp65蛋白水平。结果表明:高核苷酸酵母水解物作用RAW264.7细胞的安全范围≤150μg/mL。与LPS模型组相比,质量浓度60～150μg/mL的高核苷酸酵母水解物能显著增强RAW264.7吞噬能力,高核苷酸酵母水解物(60～150μg/mL)能有效抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6炎症因子及相关mRNA表达,降低iNOS及NF-κB蛋白水平。研究结果证实了高核苷酸酵母水解物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用,作用机制与NF-κB通路有关,为食疗干预慢性病提供一定的理论依据。     

桑葚提取物体外抗炎作用及机制的研究

本文采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7,建立细胞体外的炎症模型,研究桑葚提取物对LPS诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌功能的影响及其作用机制。实验用1μg/mL LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,在不同浓度样品的干预下,用MTT法检测不同浓度的样品对RAW264.7细胞的作用;用Griess法检测细胞液中NO的含量;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞液中PGE2含量;用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和RT-PCR法检测桑葚提取物对细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响;用HPLC法检测桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量。结果表明桑葚提取物浓度在0.5~2 mg/mL范围内对细胞生长无明显影响;在1~2 mg/mL范围内能有效抑制NO和PGE2的分泌并能有效抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达;桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量为107.44±0.48μg/g。这表明桑葚提取物抑制炎症相关因子表达量,从而减弱促炎症反应,发挥抗炎功效,其抗炎活性可能与桑葚中含有较高的白藜芦醇相关。     

黑蒜提取物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响

目的:以黑蒜提取物为研究对象,探讨其对脂多糖(LPS)刺激RAW264.7细胞的体外抗炎作用及其机制。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度的黑蒜提取物对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响;采用Griess法检测黑蒜提取物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞的一氧化氮(NO)释放量;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中PGE2、IL-1β及IL-6的分泌量;采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测COX-2、i NOS m RNA及蛋白的表达。结果:黑蒜提取物能明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO、PGE2、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌,不同程度从转录和翻译水平抑制COX-2和i NOS的表达。结论:初步证实了黑蒜具有抗炎作用,其作用与在转录水平和翻译水平上抑制i NOS和COX-2有关。     

纳豆菌糖肽对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

为考察纳豆菌糖肽(BNGP)对正常状态及脂多糖(LPS)激活状态巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用,本文用不同浓度的BNGP单独处理或LPS和不同浓度的BNGP共同处理RAW264.7巨噬细胞,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖作用,中性红吞噬试验检测吞噬能力,Griess试剂检测细胞培养上清液中NO含量,酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)检测细胞培养上清液中细胞因子(IL-1β、TNF-α)、促炎介质(PGE2)含量,Western Blot检测COX-2和i NOS蛋白表达水平。试验结果表明:BNGP在62.5~500μg/m L浓度范围内能提高正常状态的RAW264.7巨噬细胞的代谢活力,增加NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE2的分泌量,提高COX-2和i NOS的表达量,高浓度(125μg/m L)能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;当细胞处于LPS激活状态时,BNGP在62.5~500μg/m L浓度范围内能抑制IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE2的分泌,浓度为500μg/m L时可抑制NO的产生及i NOS的表达,高浓度(125μg/m L)则能下调COX-2的表达。     

海参水煮液多糖提取物体外抗炎活性的研究

目的研究海参水煮液多糖提取物(PESCPL)的体外抗炎活性。方法 PESCPL作用于经LPS诱导产生炎症的RAW264.7细胞模型,通过检测其对该模型中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素1(IL-1)及白介素-6(IL-6)的分泌水平、NO释放能力、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS酶)活力及环氧化酶(COX-2)表达水平的影响,共同表征其体外抗炎活性。结果 PESCPL在12.5~200μg/ml范围内可显著降低LPS诱导炎症细胞分泌促炎因子的水平,且对TNF-α和IL-1β的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性;在12.5~50μg/ml范围内可抑制炎症细胞对NO的释放能力,降低iNOS的酶活力,降低COX-2蛋白表达量。结论海参水煮液多糖有良好的抗炎活性,有望成为天然功能食品与药品的良好基料。     

平阴玫瑰花色苷的鉴定及对LPS/AGEs/4-HNE诱导炎症的抑制

平阴玫瑰是我国山东特有的玫瑰花资源，于2010年被批准为新资源食品。本文提取并鉴定平阴玫瑰花中的花色苷，以脂多糖(LPS)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)分别诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞构建炎症模型，研究其对活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)生成及部分炎症因子表达的影响。结果表明:平阴玫瑰花色苷主要含有2种苷元，分别为矢车菊素和芍药色素；共鉴定出6种主要花色苷，分别为3种矢车菊素-二己糖苷、2种芍药素-二己糖苷及芍药素-芸香糖-己糖苷。花色苷能显著抑制LPS、AGEs和4-HNE诱导的RAW264.7细胞中ROS和NO的产生，显著抑制促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS的表达，表现出较好的抑制炎症反应的效果。     

铁观音茶提取物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及机制

研究铁观音茶提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及机制。用脂多糖作用于RAW264.7细胞,建立炎症模型,并用吲哚美辛和不同浓度铁观音提取物处理,检测NO和IL-6的分泌情况,qPCR检测一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶2(COX-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)mRNA相对表达,Western Blot检测炎症相关蛋白激酶(IKKβ),核转录因子κB抑制因子(IκB)、核转录因子κB p65(NF κB p65)及其磷酸化产物的相对表达。结果显示,铁观音茶提取物能显著抑制炎症介质NO分泌和IL-6蛋白表达量(p<0.05),抑制炎症相关基因iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α和MCP-1等表达,并极显著抑制NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白IKKβ、IkB和p65的磷酸化(p<0.01)。以上结果表明,铁观音茶提取物可明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路激活有关。     

血红素氧合酶-1介导海参蛋白肽对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用

为研究海参蛋白肽对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及作用机制,本研究利用LPS刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立炎症模型,采用Griess法测定细胞一氧化氮(NO)含量,实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞内诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)m RNA表达。结果表明,海参蛋白肽以浓度依赖效应显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO生成以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和i NOS m RNA表达(p0.05),显著提高细胞内HO-1 m RNA表达(p0.05)。HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(Zn PP-Ⅸ)部分逆转海参蛋白肽对LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用。具有抗炎活性的海参蛋白肽富含甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸,分子量180~1000 u的组分为72.12%。这些结果说明海参蛋白肽通过上调细胞HO-1 m RNA表达发挥抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the