黄芩提取物对百香果采后贮藏品质的影响

目的 为研究不同质量浓度黄芩提取物处理对百香果采后贮藏保鲜品质的效果,以期延长百香果贮藏时间。方法 以百香果为原料,黄芩提取物为保鲜剂,蒸馏水浸泡为对照,使用不同质量浓度黄芩提取物对百香果进行浸泡处理并置于室温贮藏(温度为18~23 ℃)。检测不同质量浓度黄芩提取物对百香果果实品质指标的影响,总结黄芩提取物最佳保鲜质量浓度以及贮藏保鲜效果。结果 在室温条件下,与对照处理相比,不同质量浓度黄芩提取物处理均能起到贮藏保鲜的效果。CK组的百香果在贮藏17 d后质量损失率为24.67%,硬度为6.31 kg/cm²,可溶性固形物含量为10.45 mg/g,而黄芩提取物处理B组(12.5 mg/mL)的百香果在贮藏17 d后质量损失率为17.60%、硬度为8.29 kg/cm²、可溶性固形物含量为12.84 mg/g,CK组与黄芩提取物处理B组(12.5 mg/mL)之间各指标呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。B组(12.5 mg/mL)黄芩提取物在保持百香果果实硬度、质量损失率、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和维生素C等外在及内在品质指标的稳定均不同程度优于CK组和其他质量浓度黄芩提取物处理组。结论 在百香果室温贮藏保鲜中,采用质量浓度为12.5 mg/mL的黄芩提取物处理可以减少果实营养物质消耗,保持较好的果实品质。     

低温对西番莲采后贮藏品质的影响

目的 探究低温贮藏对西番莲采后贮藏保鲜效果的影响.方法 以西番莲为实验材料,检测西番莲果实的皱缩指数、质量损失率、好果率、色差、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD酶活性等生理生化指标的变化,研究低温贮藏(3,8,13℃)对西番莲采后生理和营养品质的影响.结果 在8℃下贮藏的保鲜效果优于3,13℃组,其可以有效地维持果实的色泽和好果率,抑制质量损失率、皱缩指数、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的增加,保持较好的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量,提高果实的SOD酶活性,较好地保持了果实的贮藏品质.结论 西番莲采后在8℃下贮藏对果实贮藏保鲜的效果最佳,可以有效地延缓果实衰老.     

乙醇复合抗坏血酸处理对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响

目的 为了研究乙醇处理对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的保鲜效果。方法 以鲜切‘寒富’苹果为材料,比较乙醇、乙醇复合抗坏血酸（Vc）溶液处理对鲜切苹果在4 ℃下贮藏品质的影响。分析鲜切苹果包装内的气体成分变化、可溶性固形物含量、硬度、颜色、质量损失率等品质指标,还对组织衰老进程、酚类物质代谢和活性氧代谢及微生物数量进行评价。结果 研究表明,体积分数为30%的乙醇溶液浸泡鲜切苹果能有效保持冷藏货架期间果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、较低的质量损失率,延缓果实组织表面颜色变化和褐变的发生;进一步研究显示,乙醇可能是通过抑制酚类物质的氧化分解,从而减少了醌类物质在组织中的积累;乙醇处理还有利于抑制果实组织中电导率的升高,此外经乙醇处理后,大肠菌群和菌落总数均显著小于对照组和复合处理组中的数量。结论 采用乙醇处理鲜切‘寒富’苹果,有利于保持果实的品质,并延缓衰老和褐变进程,从而延长了货架期。     

魔芋葡甘露聚糖/纳米ZnO复合涂膜对香蕉常温保鲜效果的影响

目的探讨魔芋葡甘露聚糖/纳米ZnO复合涂膜对常温贮藏香蕉保鲜效果的影响,为香蕉的采后常温保鲜贮藏提供新途径。方法以巴西蕉为实验材料,采用KGM涂膜液(A组)和KGM/纳米ZnO复合涂膜液(B组)等2种可食性涂膜液对香蕉进行涂膜处理,以不做任何处理为对照(CK组),置于夏季常温(32±2)℃下贮藏,每天取样测定果实的好果率、褐变指数、质量损失率、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量等指标。结果在整个贮藏期间,与KGM涂膜和对照组相比,KGM/纳米ZnO复合膜能显著维持香蕉的好果率,抑制香蕉的褐变,降低香蕉在贮藏期的质量损失率,减少可溶性固形物和维生素C等营养物质的损失。结论 KGM/纳米ZnO复合涂膜液对采后香蕉的常温贮藏效果最好,能够维持香蕉较好的贮藏品质。     

聚乙烯醇柠檬酸改性薄膜对鲜切苹果保鲜性能的影响

目的研究聚乙烯醇柠檬酸改性薄膜对鲜切苹果保鲜性能的影响。方法以市售红富士苹果为材料,进行鲜切处理,分别采用不同浓度柠檬酸改性的聚乙烯醇薄膜密封包装。以不含柠檬酸的聚乙烯薄膜包装为对照,在室温下贮藏6 d,研究添加柠檬酸的聚乙烯醇薄膜对鲜切苹果保鲜效果各指标的影响。结果贮藏到第6天时,C处理组的各项指标均优于对照组和其他处理组,可较好地保持果实硬度,对维持果实可溶性固形物含量、维生素C及感官评定有明显作用。结论质量分数为2%的柠檬酸改性的薄膜具有较好的保鲜效果。     

臭氧处理对美人指葡萄保鲜效果的影响

目的研究不同臭氧浓度对美人指葡萄的保鲜效果。方法以美人指葡萄为实验材料,设置0,6.72,12.84,19.26 mg/m3等4种臭氧浓度对果实进行处理,通过测定贮藏期间美人指葡萄的果柄耐拉力、可溶性固形物、硬度、色差、还原糖含量和多酚氧化酶活性等指标来研究美人指葡萄在贮藏过程中品质的变化。结果结果表明,3组臭氧处理组对美人指葡萄均有一定的保鲜效果,其中19.26 mg/m~3处理组的效果要优于6.72和12.84 mg/m~3处理组。在整个贮藏过程中,19.26 mg/m~3处理组果实的果柄耐拉力、可溶性固形物含量、硬度和还原糖的含量分别下降了2.71 N,1.58%,2.76 N,5.51%,果皮的L*值提高了4.22,同时多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)的活性降低了0.072 U/(min·g)。结论采用19.26 mg/m~3臭氧浓度能够有效保持美人指葡萄采后果实的品质,减缓了美人指葡萄果柄耐拉力的降低进程,以及还原糖含量的减小趋势,保持了果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和果皮色泽,同时抑制了多酚氧化酶活性,延缓了果实褐变的进程。     

低压静电场结合包装对采后樱桃番茄品质的影响

目的 研究常温环境下低压静电场(Low Voltage Electrostatic Filed,LVEF)结合不同商业包装处理对樱桃番茄果实贮藏品质的影响,探索基于LVEF处理的樱桃番茄采后常温货架期间适宜的商业包装方式。方法 待测樱桃番茄随机分为LVEF处理组、LVEF+PP组、LVEF+PET组和无任何处理的对照组,在温度为(23±1)℃和相对湿度为75%的同一培养箱中储存16 d,LVEF处理在整个储存期内持续进行,定期测定樱桃番茄在贮藏期间的品质变化。结果 LVEF处理能抑制质量损失率和丙二醛含量的上升,同时减缓亮度、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸和番茄红素含量的下降。在LVEF贮藏环境下,PET包装在采后樱桃番茄的质量、硬度、色度、可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸等质量指标方面优于PP包装和未包装的樱桃番茄。结论 LVEF处理对采后樱桃番茄有一定保鲜效果,且在LVEF贮藏环境下,PET包装樱桃番茄比PP包装的保鲜效果更好。     

BioSuee膜对“赛买提”杏采后贮运品质的影响

目的针对鲜杏果实在电商物流过程中容易出现变软、皱皮、酒化等品质下降现象,探究BioSuee膜对新疆"赛买提"杏采后贮运品质的影响。方法以新疆"赛买提"杏为实验材料,采用3种不同配方的BioSuee膜和普通PE保鲜膜进行包装处理,模拟电商物流过程,在室温((20±1)℃)条件下进行贮藏。每隔2 d取1次样,测定鲜杏果实的色差、腐烂率、硬度、质量损失率、可溶性固形物含量(Soluble Solid Content, SSC)、相对电导率、可滴定酸(Titratable Acidity, TA)含量、维生素C(Vitamin C, Vc)含量、呼吸强度和乙烯释放量等指标的变化,分析BioSuee膜对鲜杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果随着贮藏时间的延长,采用BioS-3膜包装的鲜杏果实贮藏效果较好,贮藏10 d时,色差a*值、腐烂率、硬度、质量损失率、SSC、相对电导率、TA、Vc、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量分别为2.23±0.38,10.44±2.05,(12.77±0.79)kg/cm~2,(0.46±0.03)%,(11.60±0.56)%,(47.15±2.83)%,(1.81±0.18)%,(0.80±0.04)mg/kg,(19.56±0.54)mg/(kg·h),(12.65±3.10)μL/(kg·h)。结论采用BioS-3膜包装鲜杏果实贮藏效果最显著,可以有效地提高鲜杏果实采后贮藏品质,延长鲜杏果实的贮藏保鲜时间。     

BioSuee膜对葡萄品质的影响及其降解性能研究

目的 探究BioSuee可降解膜对鲜食葡萄采后的保鲜作用,以及在贮藏过程中的降解性能,筛选出保鲜及降解效果较好的BioSuee膜材料。方法 以新疆无核白葡萄为实验材料,采用3种不同厚度的BioSuee膜(B4、B5、B6)及PE保鲜膜进行包装,在(15±1)℃条件下贮藏14 d;将膜分别放置在自然条件和土壤中140 d进行观察。通过分析葡萄的生理品质、包装膜内的气体成分和降解情况,探讨BioSuee膜对葡萄贮藏品质的影响,以及其自身的降解情况。结果 采用BioSuee膜处理均可较好地保持果实的采后品质,且具有较好的降解效果,B4膜的降解率为84.7%,B5膜的降解率为81.22%,B6膜的降解率为92.8%。在贮藏结束时,B6膜处理组葡萄果实的质量损失率为7.62%,腐烂率为8.8%,分别为PE贮藏组果实的75.37%和28.33%;无核白葡萄果实的可溶性固形物含量为18.8%,硬度为4.94 N,与PE贮藏组相比分别提高了20.44%和10.46%。在贮藏中后期,B6膜包装中CO2的体积分数为3.5%~4%,O2的体积分数在16.6%~16.7%间波动。在降解结束时,土壤环境中B6膜的质量损失率和断裂伸长率分别为12.64%和6.84%,表面形态和微观结构均出现了明显的破碎和崩裂。结论 与其他处理组相比,采用B6膜能较好地保持无核白葡萄的贮藏品质,且具有较好的降解效果。     

温度波动对猕猴桃在4 ℃下货架贮藏品质的影响

目的 明确不同温度波动幅度对猕猴桃微环境参数和贮藏品质的影响.方法 以"徐香"猕猴桃为实验材料,采用聚乙烯膜(Polyethylene,PE)包装扎口后装于白色塑料筐中,分别放置于(4±1),(4±2),(4±3),(4±4)℃的保鲜箱内贮藏,监测PE膜包装袋中微环境气体CO2,O2,C2H4含量的变化,每6 d测定相关品质指标.结果 贮藏结束时,(4±1)℃实验组猕猴桃的质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、细胞膜透率分别为0.66％,0.58 kg/cm2,14.2％(质量分数),683.5 mg/kg和50.32％,小幅度的温度波动有效抑制了猕猴桃的软化和营养物质的流失,延缓了呼吸高峰的出现和乙烯的释放.结论 温度波动幅度越小越有利于延缓猕猴桃的衰老速度,维持贮藏品质.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to