澳门印刷历史与设计

西方印刷传入中国的桥梁十六世纪西方印刷术的首次传入，尤其是西方金属活字版印刷术（下面简称“活版印刷”）的传入，是由来自欧洲各地的耶稣会传教士首先引进到澳门的。而十九世纪，又有石版印刷术的引进。这些技术的传入，使澳门成为中国最早接收西方印刷术的地方。同时，澳门早期手工业的发展，奠定了澳门成为中国最早出现近代平面设计行业的地区之在十六世纪到本世纪的这一大段历史时期，在澳门这个小小的地区内，陆续出现和同时存在着好几种非常具有代表性的中西方印刷形式。澳门的传统雕版印刷在澳门，传统的“雕版印刷术”这种印刷…     

纳米技术在高阻隔性PET瓶中的应用

自20世纪90年代以来,纳米技术已广泛应用于材料科学领域。在食品包装领域,纳米包装材料不仅可以改善包装材料的物理性能,防止微生物入侵,延长使用寿命,而且可以保证食品的安全。纳米复合材料在这些方面所表现出的优良品质是其他普通复合包装材料所无法比拟的,因此,纳米包装技术的开发应用,促进了传统食品加工业和包装印刷产业的技术升级和进步,应用前景广阔。     

木活字在现代审美需求下的创新与发展

目的通过分析和总结传统木活字特点,挖掘蕴含在木活字中的与现代设计相呼应的地方,意在用现代的设计语言把已被时代淘汰的古老木活字印刷术,通过设计创新再次将它带入现代人的生活。方法以"模件"的概念为基础,将汉字笔画拆分,把原本木活字的单个字块变成独立的笔画模块,在融合"永字八法"的基础上提炼汉字笔画,通过解构与重组探究汉字笔画与笔势特征和组合形态,设计出满足实际需要,符合现代视觉审美并具有传播功能的创新设计。结论通过拆分和提炼汉字笔画,变"活字"为"活笔画",透过不同的排列组合产生不一样的文字形态,并衍生到产品应用设计中,从而实现对传统木活字的传承与创新。汉字设计框架系统为字体设计教学与实践研究提供了一个新的理论依据,同时也为字体设计的形式拓展了一个新的视域。     

柔印——最有发展潜力的印刷方式

柔印是柔性版印刷的简称。属于凸版印刷方式．起源于20世纪初的德国，由于它本身所具有的优点：设备简单、操作方便、版材软、印刷压力小(约为19．6～39．2N／cm^2)、承印范围广(从0．22mm的塑料薄膜到10mm厚的瓦楞纸板）、符合环保要求、印刷速度快和印刷成本低等．广受印刷商的青睐，使它在印刷界成为增长速度最快的一种印刷方式．也已发展成为包装印刷领域的主力军。具有广阔的发展前景。     

字体设计中民族文化符号的创新与应用

目的 探寻字体设计的多元化方向以及民族文化符号在其中的创新与应用。方法 从文字的起源及其重要作用谈起,结合文字的发展与创新,对其在视觉传达设计领域的意义进行分析,总结出其所具备的直观表达设计理念、改善生活品质、强烈视觉冲击力、加深作品内涵等重要作用,再从传统文化符号在字体设计中的易读性、统一性、艺术性原则着手,分析其在字体设计中的具体创意流程,并通过传统图形纹样和传统书法等文化符号,对民族文化符号在字体设计中的应用展开探究,分析其未来的发展方向和有效方法。结论 汉字有着5000多年的悠久历史,在历史的发展中,将其引申到字体设计领域,融合优秀的民族文化符号,能够拓展其应用领域,发挥独特的魅力,这也是文化传承与创新设计的必然之选。     

北大方正结合未来印刷出版趋势推出跨世纪新产品

１９９９年９月１５日，北京新世纪大饭店三楼世纪厅内，“携手共进二十一世纪出版世界———９９北大方正新产品全国巡回发布会（北京）”隆重举行，来自北京及其附近省市的６００多名印刷出版界人士和首都几十家新闻媒体参加了此次盛会。北大方正是我国著名的高科技企业，从八十年代以来，一直执中国印刷出版技术之牛耳，从北大方正电子出版系统正式投放市场，到此次发布会推出的方正世纪数字化ＲＩＰ系统，总是处于世界印刷出版技术发展的前列，市场占有率达７０％，是我国最主要的中文出版系统供应商，为推动中国印刷出版技术发展做…     

中国新闻出版网印刷包装频道上线

为给广大印刷包装界企业和从业者增添面向全国新闻出版界的网上展示交流平台，也为新闻出版界进一步了解并与印刷包装界沟通打开一扇窗口，中国新闻出版网全新推出了服务两个领域的印刷包装频道。     

屏幕字体设计的四层次理论研究

目的 拓展原本字体设计的专业领域,将其置入更广阔的语境中进行探讨,以一种宏观视角建立起适用于屏幕媒介的新型字体理论框架。方法 在对传统字体设计理论进行梳理的基础上,结合布坎南所提出的设计四层次理论,归纳总结出包含符号语言、信息载体、阅读方式、意义构建的屏幕字体设计的理论框架。结论 通过研究发现,传统字体理论不仅对屏幕字体中新的物理属性如动态、空间、视觉、声音等元素缺乏研究,也不足以用来解释与分析在屏幕阅读中新的观看方式及行为方式。本文建立起的框架系统为屏幕字体实践与教学提供了一个新的依据,同时为字体理论研究提供了一个新的视域。     

基于马王堆T形帛画纹样的字体设计

马王堆T形帛画是西汉时期的艺术品,具有很高的历史文化价值。学界对于T形帛画已有一定程度的研究,但在此基础上将其和字体设计相结合的研究较少,文章探索在T形帛画纹样基础上进行字体设计,通过提炼其纹样和图形轮廓组合成的素材库作为字体设计的模块基础,以草书和篆书字体结构为主体,选择了“T”“形”“帛”“画”“非”“衣”6个字进行字体设计,形成具有可复制性的字体设计方法,使字体在实用的基础上更具艺术性与文化性,进一步挖掘了中国传统文化与字体设计的可能性,也让中国传统文化以新的形式继承和发扬。     

柔性版印刷技术发展现状

柔性版印刷可以使用水溶性油墨，符合环保要求。因此国外柔性版印刷的发展非常迅速。据北京印刷工业科技信息站提供的资料，美国和西欧近十年来柔性版印刷从占整个印刷的26％上升至33％，而其它印刷方式，如胶印、凹印和凸印等，所占份额，都有下降。例如，胶印由占41％的份额降至37％，凹印由占20％下降至17％，在美国，胶印印刷从占38％下降至31％。目前在美国已有7000条柔性版印刷生产线。由此可见柔版印刷的发展情况。但在我国，柔印的发展相对滞后。近年来，中国印协、中国印刷及设备器材工业协会等组织，为推动我国柔印技术的发展，先…     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from