台阶盒形件起皱和开裂改善

目的 改善台阶盒形件拉深成形时凸缘区起皱和圆角区开裂的缺陷。方法 理论分析了起皱和开裂产生的原因,利用有限元模拟分析了压边力大小、凹模运行方式和板料形状对台阶盒形件拉深成形的影响,采用实验验证了有限元模拟结果的准确性。结果 长方形板料拉深成形时,4个角部相比直边部位流动阻力更大,直边部位材料过度向模具型腔内流动,造成凸缘区周向压应力过大,进而引起起皱,当零件拉深深度较大时,圆角部位材料变形剧烈且材料流动不均匀,极易产生开裂;采用20 kN的压边力、梯形的凹模向下运行方式和类椭圆形板料的工艺参数可以控制材料流动,使板料变形均匀并改善凸缘区起皱和圆角区开裂缺陷。结论 有限元模拟可为冲裁工艺参数的选取提供理论指导。     

大型铝合金曲面件在电磁渐进成形首次放电条件下的起皱行为研究

针对大型铝合金曲面件电磁渐进成形技术,采用整体压边和分块变压边力压边的方式,研究了电磁渐进成形工艺中首次放电后板料的起皱现象和规律,揭示了压边力对电磁渐进成形首次放电过程中板料起皱和材料塑性流动行为的影响。结果表明:数值模拟结果预测出的首次放电后易起皱区域为板料的法兰区和悬空侧壁区,与实验结果一致;整体压边方式下法兰区域和悬空侧壁区域无起皱的临界压边力分别为8.4 kN和21.6 kN;分块变压边力方式下,最靠近局部塑性变形区的压边分块上的法兰区域无起皱临界压边力为8.4 kN,最靠近悬空区的对称的两个压边分块上的悬空侧壁区域无起皱临界压边力为23.8 kN,且相比于整体压边方式的无起皱临界条件下,在分块压边方式的无起皱临界条件下板料的变形流动能力得以明显提高。     

铝合金盒形件充液成形法兰变形特性及其失稳影响分析

通过有限元模拟和实验对铝合金盒形件充液成形过程进行研究,分析了铝合金盒形件充液成形法兰直边区和圆角区的变形特性,以及法兰变形对起皱和破裂等失稳形式的影响.结果表明:法兰圆角区变形复杂,存在径向压应力,根据变形特征可分为五个变形区;长直边法兰抗皱能力比短直边法兰小,容易起皱;短直边侧壁变薄量大,在与凸模圆角相切处的板料容易破裂;合理的压边间隙可以有效控制长直边法兰起皱和短直边侧壁破裂,实验结果证明了数值模拟结果的准确性.     

TA1纯钛微型杯件软模微拉深成形工艺研究

目的 提高现有微成形工艺的可成形性,解决薄板易破裂等缺陷,探究薄板软模微拉深成形工艺的工艺参数对成形性的影响,致力于制造具有更大拉深比的微型杯件。方法 采用退火后的纯钛薄板作为原始板材,设计了薄板的软模微拉深成形模具进行实验。实验中探讨了工艺参数和材料参数对微型杯件极限拉伸比的影响。工艺参数包括压边力、橡胶性能和润滑方式,材料参数主要是晶粒尺寸。结果 通过控制压边力能够避免微拉深工艺中的缺陷。压边力过低会导致法兰区域起皱,压边力过高会导致上圆角部位破裂。采用刚度系数为72N/mm的压边弹簧能够有效避免起皱和破裂。选用硬度为65HA的聚氨酯橡胶能够成形出极限拉深比最大（为2.64）的纯钛微型杯件。软模微拉深工艺必须采用有效的润滑方式来提高板材的流动行为。采用蓖麻油润滑能够有效避免微型杯件的破裂缺陷。板材的晶粒尺寸对极限拉深比的影响是最强烈的。晶粒尺寸为8.4μm的纯钛薄板能够制造出极限拉深比为2.64的微型杯件,而随着晶粒尺寸的增大,微型杯件的极限拉深比显著下降。结论 通过软模微拉深工艺并且采用合适的工艺参数成功制备了极限拉深比为2.64的微型杯件,与现有工艺相比,所获得的微型杯件的极限...     

6061铝合金飞机溢油口拉深成形研究

目的 掌握深腔薄壁溢油口拉深成形工艺,解决拉深成形过程中起皱和破裂问题,研究各参数对拉深成形的影响规律,最终成形出合格产品。方法 以6061铝合金飞机溢油口为主要研究对象,采用Dynaform有限元数值模拟软件建立有限元模型,分析成对拉深成形对材料流动的影响并与单一拉深成形进行对比,通过改变毛坯外形尺寸、凹凸模间隙和压边力等参数进行拉深成形模拟试验研究,最终通过拉深成形试验验证成形方法及各参数设置的合理性。结果 成对拉深成形能限制单一拉深成形圆弧开口位置材料收缩,改善开口处起皱和变形缺料的现象。随着凹凸模间隙的增大,最大减薄率逐渐降低而后升高,最佳成形凹凸模间隙为1.05t;随着压边力的增大,最大减薄率逐渐升高,最大增厚率逐渐降低,最佳成形压边力为50 kN;凹模圆角半径小于7 mm 时,板料最大减薄率逐渐减小,半径为4 mm时,最大减薄率下降最快,半径在7~8 mm范围内,板料最大减薄率趋于平稳,最佳成形凹模圆角半径为7 mm。结论 模拟得到了毛坯外形尺寸、凹凸模间隙和压边力等参数对拉深成形的影响规律,最终制造出了满足设计要求的产品,验证了各参数设置的合理性。     

5A06 铝合金半球薄壁件充液拉深成形工艺研究

目的优化5A06铝合金半球形薄壁零件充液拉深成形工艺参数。方法首先利用有限元方法对铝合金半球充液拉深成形过程进行有限元仿真。对其中的关键工艺参数压边间隙和液室压力进行详细分析,优化工艺参数,然后进行实验验证。结果当压边间隙较大时法兰起皱,当压边间隙较小时零件破裂。液室压力过大,零件悬空区胀形量过大,壁厚减薄严重,容易破裂。若压力过小,液室压力的摩擦保持作用不明显,也容易使板料过度减薄而破裂。结论压边间隙控制在2.7~2.8 mm之间,液室压力控制在15~25 MPa之间,可以成形出合格零件,实验结果与有限元仿真结果相符。     

AZ31薄板热拉深工艺研究

为提高AZ31薄板热拉深质量、确定热拉深过程的合理工艺参数,选取不同的成形温度、模具间隙及凸模圆角半径,拉深成形了AZ31试样,采用KH-2200MD金相显微镜观察其内部组织变化,并通过x-ray衍射实验分析晶面取向的变化.实验结果表明,0.8mm的AZ31B镁合金板料在240℃附近的成形性能最好,拉深后材料组织晶粒大小均匀,晶面取向分布均匀.热拉深AZ31B镁合金板料应将凸、凹模间隙选为1.1倍的板料厚度.在压边力不变的条件下,随着凸模圆角半径的减小,拉深高度降低加快,并且起皱现象加重.     

钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件充液拉深工艺研究

目的 选用充液拉深先进成形技术制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件,并研究其充液拉深变形行为,以解决传统拉深工艺制备平底球形薄壁件极易产生褶皱的问题。方法 对钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件在不同液压力、压边间隙及凸模与板料间摩擦因数等工艺参数下的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟。对数值模拟结果进行分析,讨论工艺参数对零件成形性能的影响以及抑制起皱的机理。最后在不同拉深工艺下进行成形试验,制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件并与数值模拟结果进行对比。结果 数值模拟和成形试验结果表明,传统拉深工艺制备的钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件出现了明显的褶皱,采用充液拉深工艺可以有效解决零件侧壁起皱的问题。增大液压力、减小压边间隙或增大凸模与板料间摩擦因数会导致零件减薄率的提高并降低零件侧壁起皱的风险。在压边间隙1.5 mm、液压力25 MPa的条件下,采用充液拉深工艺可以制备出侧壁无褶皱的平底球形薄壁件。结论 通过充液拉深工艺可以有效解决钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件成形过程中起皱的问题。     

基于数值仿真的冲压成形界面接触压力

为探究冲压成形过程中板料-凹模圆角区界面接触压力,采用有限元静力算法建立了U形件小圆角半径弯曲成形过程的数值仿真模型,完成了板料和模具界面接触压力数值模拟,并参数分析了钢板强度、相对圆角半径、压边力和摩擦系数对板料界面接触压力分布的影响.研究表明:与压边力和摩擦系数相比,钢板强度和相对圆角半径更明显地影响着板料界面接触压力,并随着材料强度增加和相对模具圆角半径减小界面接触压力明显增加;随着压边力和摩擦系数的增加,界面接触压力宽度也随之增大.     

研究单位压边力值对板料成形性能的影响

主要介绍板料在拉深成形过程中单位压边力值对板料成形性能的影响。研究方法采用仿真技术,指出板料在成形过程中如按最初设定的单位压边力值进行成形,那么,板料成形过程中单位压边力值将逐渐增大,严重影响板料成形极限。如果采用控制板料在成形过程中压边圈下坯料的单位压边力值,将提高板料成形极限。其结论为生产现场提高板料成形性能和表面质量提供了一种可实施的方法。     

An experimental investigation of forming load and side-wall thickness obtained by a new deep drawing die

Deep drawing is an important process used for producing cups from sheet metal in large quantities. The deep drawing process is affected by many variables such as blank shape, punch and die radii, material’s formability characteristics, and many more. In order to obtain optimal process parameters with regard to part geometry, the blank and die geometry are particularly important factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of blank holder and die shapes, using six different blank holder and die shapes. We measured the distribution of blank holder force (BHF), the forming load at different drawing depths as well as thickness reduction of cup wall thickness for each set of die and punch geometries. The experimental study shows that the angle of blank and die surface influence the forming load and blank holder force distribution. Deep drawing dies with matrix and blank holder angle designed in this study provided deep drawing ratios that are about 25 % larger than those that usually can be obtained by a conventional die.     

Forming sheet metals by means of multi-point deep drawing method

Multi-point deep drawing (MPDD) is an advanced manufacturing technology for 3D sheet metal parts and it can form a variety of part shapes without the need for solid dies. In this study, a test set has been prepared for multi-point deep drawing process utilizing the multi-point forming technology. Drawability attributes of gradually rectangular shaped container have been observed using a sheet, which has the quality of Erdemir 7114 and is suitable for deep drawing process, and also using multi-pointed punch with a given tool geometry and a draw velocity. The blank shape to be drawn without wrinkling and tearing has been determined. Wrinkles and dimples are the major forming defects in the MPDD process. In conventional deep drawing, the method to form sheet metal with a blank holder is an effective way to suppress wrinkling; and the same is true in MPDD. The process of multi-point forming technology decreases production cost of die, provides flexible usage, and it is convenient to achieve the most even deformation distribution.     

矩形盒拉深变压边力加载规律及预测

目的解决板料拉深过程中出现拉裂、起皱、拉深不充分等缺陷的问题。方法利用专业分析板料成形的软件Dynaform,研究分析了非轴对称件矩形盒,在几种典型的变压边力下的拉深成形性能,获得了成形效果较好的加载模式,进而利用仿真软件Dynaform获取了样本数据。结果建立了矩形盒拉深成形变压边力网络模型并对其学习训练,最后对神经网络预测结果及仿真结果所得到的变压边力加载曲线进行多项式拟合,获取了最佳压边力控制曲线。结论在板料拉深过程中,通过控制压边力的大小,能够较好地发挥材料的流动性,改善制件的最终成形效果。     

Influence of anisotropy and lubrication on wrinkling of circular plates using bifurcation theory

In this research, wrinkling in cylindrical deep drawing of a circular plate in the flange area is studied and the critical blank holder force in the deep-drawing operations has been achieved. Analytical model based on the Hill’s bifurcation method is used with regard to the inner edge of an annular plate that is subjected to tensile stress. The analysis is formulated in the form of large deformation assumption. The friction between the plate and the die, and the strain-hardening parameters are also investigated. The result of this analysis is the critical blank holder force, which is related to the critical wrinkling condition in the flange area. The Abaqus/Explicit is also used for the finite element simulations. Experimental study in order to validate the results of the analytical and finite element simulations has been performed. Analytical method, experimental tests and finite element method have been investigated to obtain critical blank holder force for four materials: ST12, ST14, copper and brass. These results showed that ST12 and copper plates have the highest and lowest compressive instability, respectively. To study the effect of plastic anisotropy of sheet on the wrinkling, some cold work operations and then heat treatment operations was carried out on three different types of plate parts. The results show that by increasing the plastic anisotropy of plate, wrinkling is partially delayed. The effect of lubricant used in the experimental tests, has been also studied. The effect of three various yield functions on the critical blank holder force, has been studied.     

Characterization of the material elongation in the deep drawing of paperboard

In this paper, deep‐drawn paperboard cups are characterized in terms of their elongation along the cup wall. For this purpose, a method for the non‐destructive determination of the elongation was developed and tested. Using the presented method, a parameter study of the process parameters blank holder force, forming temperature, material moisture content, drawing velocity, and clearance ratio was performed. The influence of the process parameters on the cup wall elongation was determined by statistical design of experiments. Using the determined relationships between the process parameters, it was possible to achieve a shape‐specific characterization of the elongation along the cup wall. The parameter study showed a significant influence of the blank holder force, the forming temperature, and the material moisture content to the elongation along the cup wall.     

汽车侧围前连接板冲压成形质量优化研究

针对汽车侧围前连接板的成形质量缺陷问题,本文通过有限元软件分析工艺参数对成形质量的影响,并完成拉延模面的回弹补偿。首先,以最大减薄率和最大回弹量为评价目标,采用正交实验对压边力、模具间隙、冲压速度和摩擦系数4个工艺参数进行分析,获得影响成形质量最大的因素为压边力,冲压速度次之,确定最优工艺参数为:压边力300 kN、模具间隙1.20 mm、冲压速度90 mm/s、摩擦系数0.11;其次,采用节点位移法对拉延模面进行2次回弹补偿,将零件的回弹量控制在允许范围内;最后,将最优工艺参数和回弹补偿面应用于现场实验,测得试模件的最大减薄率为14.64%,最大正负回弹量为1.254 4 mm/-1.327 0 mm,试模件的最大减薄率和最大回弹量均在允许范围内,实验结果与仿真分析结果相近,验证了本实验方案的可行性。研究表明:通过优化工艺参数能够有效控制减薄、起皱和拉延不足等缺陷,并能够在一定程度上减少回弹量;通过对拉延模进行回弹补偿可以有效地控制回弹量。     

电动汽车电池包铝合金顶盖拉延成形分析及工艺参数优化

目的 解决轻薄铝合金电池包顶盖拉延成形过程中的工艺质量问题。方法 采用Autoform软件对顶盖拉延成形过程进行仿真分析,在单一条件下分别研究压边力、冲压速度、凹凸模间隙以及摩擦因数对顶盖拉延成形规律的影响。以最大减薄率和最大增厚率为评价指标,通过对以上4个工艺参数进行正交实验优化,且采用正交综合评分法分析实验数据,得出影响评价指标的4个因素的主次关系(冲压速度>压边力>摩擦因数>凹凸模间隙)以及最优工艺参数。结果 最优工艺参数如下:冲压速度为1000 mm/s,压边力为800 kN,摩擦因数为0.12,凹凸模间隙为1.26 mm。采用最优工艺参数进行拉延成形实验验证,实验后测量实物顶盖,实际最大减薄率为14.3%,最大增厚率为8.6%。与仿真值比较,顶盖的实际最大减薄率误差为8.9%、最大增厚率误差为7.5%,实际值与仿真值之间的误差合理。结论 在实际生产中,该工艺参数优化的方法能够为后续轻薄铝合金顶盖的生产制造提供有价值的指导。