正辛醇聚氨烷烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐的表面活性研究

合成了一系列具有不同氧烷烯聚合数的正辛醇聚氧乙和聚氧丙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐，研究了它们的临界胶束浓度、润湿力和起泡力等表面活性。     

羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐加脂剂的制备及性能

将等物质的量的羊毛脂和马来酸酐在 6 0℃加热 2 0min ,加入催化剂对甲苯磺酸 ,在 10 0℃反应 3h ,可得到羊毛脂琥珀酸酯。调节pH值至 6～ 7,加入NaHSO3 饱和水溶液 ,反应 1h ,85℃时反应 2h ,最后升温并在减压下除去水分。向产物中加适量的过氧化氢 ,将未反应的亚硫酸氢钠氧化成硫酸钠 ,得羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐。将其与氯化石蜡、硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯及非离子表面活性剂复配 ,制得AS结合型加脂剂。透射电镜照片显示加脂剂乳液粒子尺寸为 0 5 μm以下 ,且分布均匀 ,产品具有良好的水分散性、耐酸性、耐盐性及良好的加脂性能     

琥珀酸酯磺酸盐的合成与性能

本文论述了珀琥酸酯磺酸盐类阴离子表面活性剂的类型、合成原理、合成方法以及产品的性能和应用，列举了部分合成实例。对此类表面活性剂的研究、开发、生产和应用有一定的参考价值。     

松香醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐的表面活性

以松香醇聚氧乙烯醚为原料合成松香醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠(RAEOS)阴离子表面活性剂,系统研究了环氧乙烷聚合度(n)对产物表面物理化学性能的影响,对产物进行了红外光谱分析并测定了其表面物理化学性能。产物表面张力为35 5～39 4mN/m,临界胶束浓度在10-3数量级,钙皂分散指数为4 3%～8 4%,泡沫性能为120～130mm,润湿力为84～230s。结果表明,所得产物是一种性能优良的表面活性剂。     

十四醇聚氧化烯烃醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐的表面活性研究

合成了一系列十四醇聚氧乙烯醚和聚氧丙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐，比较了其临界胶束浓度、润湿力、起泡力等表面活性     

脂肪酸多元醇单酯系复合消泡剂的研制

本文以蓖麻油、脂肪酸等为主要原料合成脂肪酸１，３－丙二醇单酯，并对不同单酯及其与二甲基硅油复配后产品的消泡性和抑泡性加以研究，研制出一种具有优良消泡性和抑泡性的溶液型消泡剂。     

Al-SBA-15固体酸催化合成硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯

制备了一系列Si/Al比(均为摩尔比,下同)从15到50的Al-SBA-15固体酸催化剂,并将其应用于硬脂酸与三乙醇胺的酯化反应中。结果表明,Si/Al比为25的Al-SBA-15固体酸催化剂的催化活性和选择性较高,反应6 h酯胺的酸值可降至1.78 mg KOH/g,单双酯总质量分数可达84.79%;该催化剂重复使用6次,催化活性没有明显降低,说明该催化剂具有高的稳定性。采用XRD、N2吸附脱附、透射电镜和吸附吡啶的红外光谱对催化剂的结构、比表面积和表面酸性进行了表征,结果表明,Si/Al比为25的Al-SBA-15催化剂保持了SBA-15的结构,具有大的比表面积和均一的孔径,在催化剂表面同时存在Lewis酸和Brnsted酸。     

Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Properties of Sulfosuccinate Surfactants

The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of three sulfosuccinate surfactants at the air/aqueous solution interface were investigated. Wilhelmy plate method was used to determine critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the equilibrium surface tension (γ _eq). The dynamic surface tensions in the range 10–100 s were measured by maximum bubble pressure method. The well-known Ward–Tordai equation was employed to analyze the adsorption of the sulfosuccinate surfactants. The parameters and effective diffusion coefficients (D _eff) of dynamic surface tension have been calculated and analyzed. The equilibrium surface tension results showed that disodium laureth (3) sulfosuccinate (AEO₃-SS), disodium laureth (6) sulfosuccinate (AEO₆-SS) and disodium alkyl ethoxy glucoside sulfosuccinate (AEG-SS) are surfactants possessing strong surface activity, adsorbing to the interface rapidly and their γ _eq values were in the range 25–32 mN/m. CMC of the three surfactants increases with the number of hydrophilic groups and AEO₃-SS has the lowest CMC. According to the values of some dynamic surface tension parameters, AEG-SS is the most hydrophilic surfactant of them and AEO₃-SS is energetically more favorable to adsorb to the interface than the others. According to Ward–Tordai equation, the D _eff values were calculated, the adsorption mechanism was diffusion controlled at short times and toward the end good evidence was found for an activated-diffusion mechanism with an energy barrier.     

Free Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Oleic Acid for Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Preparation with Response Surface Optimization

Free lipase-mediated alcoholysis for biodiesel production has drawn increasing attention in recent years due to its advantages of lower cost and faster reaction rate compared to immobilized lipase. Ethanol, derived from renewable biomass, has a great potential for biodiesel production. A previous study showed that free lipase NS81006 could effectively catalyze the ethanolysis of triglycerides for biodiesel preparation. Since most crude plant oils always contain an amount of free fatty acids, oleic acid was used as the model substrate for this study on lipase-mediated esterification for biodiesel production. The central composite design of the response surface methodology was adopted for process optimization. A biodiesel yield of over 90 % was achieved under optimal reaction conditions and the repeated use of the free lipase was easily realized through phase separation either by natural gravity force or centrifugation.     

采用气相色谱法测定失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯

本文将失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯水解为山梨醇酐和脂肪酸,将脂肪酸甲酯化后,采用气相色谱法测定各种脂肪酸的相对百分含量,由此计算失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯的百分含量。测定方法简便易行,测定结果准确。     

N-己烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠的合成、性能与应用

制备了N-己烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠(HMSS),合成工艺条件为:N(正己胺):N(顺酐)=1.10:1.00,于80℃下酰胺化反应1.5小时;N(亚硫酸钠):N(顺酐)=1.05:1.00,于100℃下磺化6小时。测得产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化力、钙皂分散力、去污力分别为:36.6×10-3N/m,1.16×10-3mol/L,51.2s,25％和99.4％,测试了其在洗毛和羊毛染色中的应用性能。     

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Profiles of Bat Wing Surface Lipids

Sebocytes are specialized epithelial cells that rupture to secrete sebaceous lipids (sebum) across the mammalian integument. Sebum protects the integument from UV radiation, and maintains host microbial communities among other functions. Native glandular sebum is composed primarily of triacylglycerides (TAG) and wax esters (WE). Upon secretion (mature sebum), these lipids combine with minor cellular membrane components comprising total surface lipids. TAG and WE are further cleaved to smaller molecules through oxidation or host enzymatic digestion, resulting in a complex mixture of glycerolipids (e.g., TAG), sterols, unesterified fatty acids (FFA), WE, cholesteryl esters, and squalene comprising surface lipid. We are interested if fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling of bat surface lipid could predict species specificity to the cutaneous fungal disease, white nose syndrome (WNS). We collected sebaceous secretions from 13 bat spp. using Sebutape^® and converted them to FAME with an acid catalyzed transesterification. We found that Sebutape^® adhesive patches removed ~6× more total lipid than Sebutape^® indicator strips. Juvenile eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) had significantly higher 18:1 than adults, but 14:0, 16:1, and 20:0 were higher in adults. FAME profiles among several bat species were similar. We concluded that bat surface lipid FAME profiling does not provide a robust model predicting species susceptibility to WNS. However, these results provide baseline data that can be used for lipid roles in future ecological studies, such as life history, diet, or migration.     

一步法合成三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸己二酸混合酯

采用红外光谱,核磁共振等分析手段研究了一步法合成三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸己二酸混合酯,并考察了己二酸在一步法合成混合酯时的反应情况,结果表明:一步法合成三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸己二酸混合酯酯化反应可达99.0%,己二酸在该体系中更易反应完全。并且与两步法合成的三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸己二酸混合酯结构相近,性能相当。     

An Empirical Equation for Estimation of Kinematic Viscosity of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Biodiesel

Kinematic viscosity (µ) is an important physical property of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and biodiesel. In this work, the Martin's rule of free energy additivity is extended to cover the kinematic viscosity of saturated and unsaturated FAME commonly found in nature. The proposed model can also be extended to estimate kinematic viscosity of biodiesel. The kinematic viscosity of a FAME or a biodiesel can be easily estimated from its carbon number (z), number of double bonds (n_d) at different temperatures (T) without a prior knowledge of the viscosity of individual FAME. Both z_ave and n_d(ave) can be derived from its fatty acid composition. Thus, kinematic viscosity of biodiesel at temperatures between 20 and 100 °C and at atmospheric pressure can be estimated. The average absolute deviation (AAD) estimated at 20–100 °C for saturated, unsaturated FAME, biodiesels and biodiesel blends are 4.15, 3.25, 6.95 and 2.79 %, respectively. The biodiesels collected in this study (191 data points) have the z_ave and n_d(ave) between 14.10 and 17.96 and 0.21–1.54, respectively. The standard deviation was 0.249. The proposed model would be good for estimation of viscosity of biodiesel containing normal fatty acids, generally found in biodiesel feed stocks.     

磷酸单酯的合成和应用

介绍了磷酸单酯的各种合成工艺路线,并比较了它们的优缺点,提出了聚磷酸法是合成高纯度磷酸单酯的最佳路线。同时介绍了磷酸单酯在国内外的发展应用。