小型燃气轮机发电机空气进气系统的工程改造实例

燃气轮机空气进气系统的主要功能是对空气进行过滤以达到机组使用要求,降低机组运行风险,并控制机组进气噪音和压降在相应的标准范围内。由于海上平台高湿度、高盐度的工作环境和使用年限的增加,某平台3MW燃气轮机发电机组空气进气系统存在空气进气质量差、风道腐蚀穿孔、夏季暴雨和冬春季大雾天气时易湿堵造成异常停机、过滤器更换频繁、维修量大等问题。针对这些问题,对燃气轮机发电机组空气进气系统进行了全面技术分析,并结合当前空气过滤相关的新技术,对燃气轮机空气进气系统进行了改造,采用三级过滤系统改善了空气进气质量。改造方案的成功实施对当前海上平台3~30MW的燃气轮机发电机组空气进气系统运维工作有良好的借鉴意义,该改造方案并已成功在其他平台6MW燃气轮机机组上成功实施。     

燃气轮机进气过滤系统性能在线计算方法

燃气轮机进气过滤系统是确保机组安全运行的重要部件，针对燃气轮机进气过滤系统缺乏性能在线 计算的问题，提出采用压降损失修正值和过滤效率在线监测相结合的方法，对进气过滤系统的健康状态进行 评价。分析进气过滤系统的影响因素，引人多个影响因子，通过将实际运行工况折合到标准工况下，对压降 损失进行修正，可实现对过滤系统堵塞失效的评估。研制了过滤效率在线监测装置，提出了过滤效率的计算 方法，拟定了过滤系统性能的评价准则，可实现对过滤系统局部泄漏失效的评估。该装置和方法已经成功应 用于北京太阳宫燃气热电有限公司，可以实现对进气过滤系统的在线状态监测和定量评价。     

燃气轮机空气过滤系统选型和配置分析

对燃气轮机空气过滤系统的过滤机理、滤芯种类、滤芯适用性进行介绍和分析,并整理不同区域环境下空气杂质分类,优化进气过滤系统的选型和配置方案,为不同项目提供性能最佳、最经济性的进气过滤方案。     

燃气轮机空气过滤器性能及运行维护研究

空气过滤器是燃气轮机进气过滤系统的重要设备,保证空气质量和纯净度以提高联合循环机组的性能及可靠性。介绍了空气过滤器的性能、分类以及空气过滤器的检测标准。对燃气轮机电厂进气过滤系统存在的问题和运行维护方法进行分析总结,并针对空气过滤器容易失效的问题,提出基于神经网络预测滤网压差的模型,及智能优化运维可行性方案,为提高燃机机组的抗风险能力,实现机组长期的安全、经济、稳定运行提供建议。     

大涡模拟在船用燃气轮机进气流场中的应用

燃气轮机进气系统的结构和气动性能是燃气轮机装舰技术研究的一个重要组成部分。针对这方面的要求,进行燃气轮机进气系统的设计及数值模拟计算,为设计制造高性能的船用燃气轮机进气系统提供可靠的依据。对两种方案的进气系统作了数值计算和实验研究,其结果是相当令人满意的,对进气系统的实际使用具有非常重要的意义。     

燃气轮机电厂天然气调压站装置与功能分析

燃气轮机电厂中的天然气处理系统是改善天然气的品质,使之符合燃气轮机进气要求的重要设备.天然气处理系统一般分为天然气调压站和天然气增压站.本文主要论述了天然气调压站的紧急切断、分离过滤、加热与减压装置等模块及功能.     

美国唐纳森公司—空气滤清器专家

美国唐纳森公司成立于 1 91 5年 ,是目前世界上最大的滤清器生产厂商 ,在全球 2 2个国家有 42家生产工厂 ,共有员工 80 0 0人 ,年销售额超过 1 0亿美元。该公司是纽约证券交易所的上市公司 ,是一家重视科研开发和技术创新的生产厂商 ,在过滤技术和声学消音工程领域拥有 1 44 7项专利。每年用于科研和产品开发的经费高达 3 0 0 0多万美元。美国唐纳森公司设计、生产和销售燃气轮机进气系统 ,其中包括多级空气过滤系统、自清式空气过滤系统、进气消音装置、进气冷却装置、加热防冰装置。在中国大陆 ,已有近 3 0家燃机电厂的 5 0多台套燃气轮机…     

出口形式对防浪级阻力性能影响的研究

燃气轮机进气系统的结构和气动性能是燃气轮机装舰技术研究的重要组成部分。针对这方面的要求，进行了燃气轮机进气防浪级的设计及数值模拟计算，为设计制造高性能的船用燃气轮机进气系统提供可靠的依据。对进气防浪级作的数值计算和实验研究，其结果是相当令人满意的，研究方法对燃气轮机进气系统的研究有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

自清洗进气过滤室的几何尺寸设计

本文介绍与自清洗进气过滤室设计有关的几个流速，以及美国ＧＥ公司在其燃气轮机所使用的同类进气过滤室对这几个流速所作的限制，供设计自清洗进气过滤室时参考．     

基于余热利用的燃气轮机进气暖风技术研究

提出了基于余热利用的燃气轮机进气暖风系统技术方案,分析了燃气轮机部分负荷下压气机进气温度对燃气轮机热效率的影响,阐述了采用余热利用技术提高联合循环机组经济性的原理,并完成了燃气轮机部分负荷下投/切燃气轮机进气暖风系统的节能量评估和暖风器的优化设计.结果表明:在燃气轮机部分负荷下采用余热利用技术可使压气机进气温度提高7....     

火电厂节能工作浅析

本文探讨了火电厂节能基本程序和工作方法,分析节能工作要从基础工作、技术创新、设备整治、燃烧管理等方面入手的论述.     

Uncertainties in decarbonising heat in the UK

Heating is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise in the UK's energy system. Meeting the 80% greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2050 is likely to require that heat related emissions of CO₂ from buildings are near zero by 2050, and there is a 70% reduction in emissions from industry (from 1990 levels). Though it is clear that the use of the natural gas network will reduce over time, recent modelling suggests a limited residual role for gas by 2050 to help meet peaks in heat demand. High levels of uncertainty about the way in which heat will be decarbonised present a number of challenges to policy makers. This paper will explore the risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to a low carbon heat system in the UK as outlined by the 4th carbon budget review. The potential impact of key uncertainties on the levelised costs of heat technologies and the development of energy networks are explored using a sensitivity analysis approach. Policy changes required to decarbonise the heat sector are also examined.     

Viscous heating in liquid flows in micro-channels

Many experimental works on forced convection through micro-channels evidenced that when the hydraulic diameter is less than 1 mm, conventional theory can no longer be considered as suitable to predict the pressure drop and convective heat transfer coefficients. This conclusion seemed valid for both gas and liquid flows. Sometimes the authors justified this claim by invoking “new” micro-effects. On the contrary, in this paper the explanation of the experimental results obtained for micro-channels in terms of friction factors will be researched inside the conventional theory (Navier-Stokes equations). In particular, this paper will focus on the role of viscous heating in fluids flowing through micro-channels. A criterion will be presented to draw the limit of significance for viscous dissipation effects in micro-channel flows. The role of the cross-sectional geometry on viscous dissipation will be highlighted and the minimum Reynolds number for which viscous dissipation effects can no longer be neglected will be calculated as a function of the hydraulic diameter and of the micro-channel geometry for different fluids. It will be demonstrated how viscous effects can explain some experimental results on the Poiseuille numbers in micro-channels, which recently appeared in the open literature.     

Solar drying in sludge management in Turkey

Two main wastewater treatment plants in Bursa city in Turkey will start to operate and produce at least 27,000 tons of dry solids per year by the end of 2006. The purpose of this study was to investigate an economical solution to the sludge management problem that Bursa city would encounter. The general trend in Turkey is mechanical dewatering to obtain a dry solid (DS) content of 20%, and liming the mechanically dewatered sludge to reach the legal landfilling requirement, 35% DS content. This study recommends limited liming & solar drying as an alternative to only-liming the mechanically dewatered sludge. Open and covered solar sludge drying plants were constructed in pilot scale for experimental purposes. Dry solids and climatic conditions were constantly measured. Faecal coliform reduction was also monitored. The specially designed covered solar drying plant proved to be more efficient than the open plant in terms of drying and faecal coliform reduction. It was found that, if the limited liming & solar drying method was applied after mechanical dewatering instead of only-liming method, the total amount of the sludge to be disposed would be reduced by approximately 40%. This would lead to a reduction in the transportation, handling, and landfilling costs. The covered drying system would amortize itself in 4 years.     

Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India

A third of electricity in India is lost each year, where losses refer to power that is supplied but not billed. Utilizing data from the power corporation of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, we study the politics of electricity losses. Examining annual data over four decades, we document that UP's electricity losses tend to increase in periods immediately prior to state assembly elections. Drawing upon geographically disaggregated data for the period 2000–09, we observe higher line losses just prior to the 2002 and 2007 state elections. Our analysis shows that the incumbent party was more likely to retain the assembly seat as line losses in the locality increased. We interpret these results as corroboration that political parties deliberately redirect electricity to flat rate and unbilled users in a context of chronically inadequate supply. Political factors appear to affect line losses in ways that technical and economic factors alone cannot explain.     

中国可再生能源发展状况、展望及政策措施建议

2010年我国可再生能源步入全面规模化开发利用阶段,水电装机总量突破2亿kW,风电并网运营容量突破3000万kW,太阳能发电市场开始启动,生物质能多元化快速发展。但实现中长期战略发展目标的任务仍然艰巨。2011年,新可再生能源发展规划目标将出台,应着力完善可再生能源市场、价格、财税等政策,重点出台新能源配额制、落实可再生能源发电全额保障性收购制度,促进可再生能源电力尤其是风电的上网和消纳。     

Progress in use of surfactant in nearly static conditions in natural gas hydrate formation

Natural gas hydrate is an alternative energy source with a great potential for development. The addition of surfactants has been found to have practical implications on the acceleration of hydrate formation in the industrial sector. In this paper, the mechanisms of different surfactants that have been reported to promote hydrate formation are summarized. Besides, the factors influencing surfactant-promoted hydrate formation, including the type, concentration, and structure of the surfactant, are also described. Moreover, the effects of surfactants on the formation of hydrate in pure water, brine, porous media, and systems containing multiple surfactants are discussed. The synergistic or inhibitory effects of the combinations of these additives are also analyzed. Furthermore, the process of establishing kinetic and thermodynamic models to simulate the factors affecting the formation of hydrate in surfactant-containing solutions is illustrated and summarized.     

Wind resource assessment in Hormozgan province in Iran

In this study, statistical analysing is performed of wind data measured over a 10 min period based on the Weibull distribution function during one year at three heights carried out to determine the potential of wind in two locations in the Hormozgan province. According to the results, wind speed at 40 m height in Kish city ranged from 4.47 m/s in October to 6.69 m/s in March with average value of 5.32 m/s. However, for Jask city wind speed ranged from 3.4 m/s in January to 5.16 m/s in June with average value of 4.22 m/s. According to world classification of wind power, the wind power density is in class 2 for Kish site while for Jask site it is in class 1. Energy production of different wind turbines at different heights is determined. At the end, an economic evaluation was carried out to determine whether studied sites are suitable for development of small-scale wind turbines.     

预测火灾情况下竖井中性面位置的连续模型

针对竖井侧向连续开缝和竖井侧向连续开缝及上部开口两种情况,在Klote模型的基础上,根据竖井内温度在竖向上连续分布的特点,建立了预测火灾情况下竖井中性面高度的连续模型.通过计算流体力学模拟,将Klote模型、双区域模型及连续模型与模拟结果进行对比.结果表明,连续模型偏差最小；通过分析连续模型计算结果可知,中性面高度受火...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flames, in diesel fuels, and in diesel emissions

Numerous chemical analyses of gaseous and particulate samples from laboratory flames provide a library of data on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species found in diverse flame types burning fuels consisting of pure gaseous hydrocarbons. The diesel fuels utilized by the more complex combustion in compression ignition engines are composed of thousands of hydrocarbon species. Mass spectrometry by the laser microprobe and gas chromatography were used in a complementary manner to distinguish the PAHs originating in the fuel from those produced by engine combustion. The C_xH_y PAH products of premixed and diffusion flame processes, which also occur in the unsteady diesel combustion, range in mass from 128 u (two rings, x=10, y=8) to beyond 350 u (eight rings, x=28, y=14). Graphs of the number of hydrogen atoms y vs the number of carbon atoms x for the species found by many investigators of laboratory flames show these pyrogenic PAHs to lie on or near the staircase curve that describes the most stable, pericondensed, benzenoid PAHs. In contrast, samples of diesel fuels from the United Kingdom and the United States contain petrogenic alkyl-PAHs with high hydrogen contents. Samples of diesel particulate emissions typical of the 1990s from two different sources display the full mass range of PAHs from 128 to 350 u, including both the benzenoid PAHs and the alkyl-PAHs. Thus diesel emissions, in general, may contain petrogenic fuel components ranging up to 206 u and also the combustion-generated four- to seven-ring species in the 228 to 302 u mass range that have greater carcinogenic potency. The absence of petrogenic components larger than 206 u facilitates their detection and delineation from pyrogenic PAHs by methods of chemical analysis.