铜辉矿业矿区水文地质调查及分析

为了保证下一步开采的安全性,铜辉矿业开展了水文地质调查,分析了含水层与隔水层的特征,及各含水层间与地表水和地下水的关联,并对勘查区进行了岩溶含水岩组富水性水文地质分区。研究结果表明:岩溶含水层沿走向方向均富水,完整岩层隔水性能较好,但部分有斜节理发育,隔水效果降低;各含水层之间和地表水之间存在一定补给关联,地下水含水层的补给、径流、排泄条件较差,地下水运动相对滞缓;矿段中、西部岩溶含水层富水性中等;水5孔以西岩溶含水层有泉出露,富水程度较高。研究结果能够为矿山安全生产过程中防治水工作提供技术支持。     

正村井田地下水赋存特征分析及矿井涌水量计算

分析了新安煤田正村井田地下水赋存特征,奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙承压水含水层为强富水性含水层,太原组灰岩裂隙岩溶水承压水含水层为中等富水性含水层,山西组砂岩裂隙承压水含水层为弱富水性含水层。矿井开采过程中,充水来源主要是煤层顶板直接充水含水层的地下水及底板水,即太原组灰岩中的地下水。遇断层时,应防止奥陶系灰岩水突入矿井。介绍了用狭长地沟法及富水系数法计算矿井涌水量。     

长治三元晋永泰煤矿水文地质条件分析

针对计划开采的15~#煤层面临的水害问题,采用综合分析法,对长治三元晋煤永泰煤矿含水层富水性、隔水层隔水性及地下水补径关系进行综合分析,认为在上覆3号煤层导水裂隙带影响下,15~#煤的导水裂隙带有导通到地表的可能,15~#煤层顶板水富水性变化大,底板标高高于奥灰水水位标高。计划开采的15~#煤受采掘破坏或影响的含水层有一定的补给水源,但补给条件一般,综合分析矿区水文地质类型为中等型。     

平煤集团二矿矿井充水规律分析

水害是制约矿井安全生产的主要灾害之一.对平煤二矿灰岩含水层赋存特征、岩溶裂隙发育程度、富水性及其规律、地下水补给与径流条件及导水通道等因素进行了分析研究,其分析结果为有针对性进行矿井水害防治与安全生产提供了依据和理论支持.     

贺西矿底抽巷放水试验及矿井防治水技术探讨

为查明贺西矿山西组4#煤层开采受底板高承压太灰含水层的威胁,基于地下水径流理论,对太灰含水层进行了单孔放水试验,得出4#煤底板太灰含水层的富水性和补给排泄条件。结果表明,太灰含水层岩溶发育且存在一定程度的不均一性,富水性差,地下水径流不畅,且地下水交替和循环条件滞缓,但有较高的水位,位于3#、4#煤层之上,有一定的危险性。在此基础上提出了该矿深部开采以疏水降压为主、注浆为辅的底板防治水技术措施,为保障山西组4#煤安全开采提供了合理依据。     

双河林场宝兴沟金矿水文地质特征及水质评价

宝兴沟金矿位于大兴安岭北部塔河县双河林场,矿区水文地质条件相对简单,可划分为4个含水层,即第四系全新统砂砾石含水层、中侏罗统砂岩含水层(漠河组、二十二站组)、燕山期闪长(玢)岩含水层、燕山期花岗细晶岩含水层,均属弱富水性含水层。矿床充水水源有大气降水、河水补给、地下水侧向径流补给,其中地下水侧向径流补给为主要充水水源。区内水质评价结果表明:1区内地表水耗氧量普遍超标,不适合直接作为饮用水;2双河林场深水井水质较好,矿化度高,为弱碱水,有一定的开发潜力。     

淮北煤田太灰上段含水层富水性特征及成因机理研究

根据淮北煤田闸河矿区、临涣矿区水文地质条件,分析了补给因素对太灰上段富水性的影响,研究了太灰上段含水层埋深变化对含水层富水性影响规律。结果表明:随着埋深的增加,太灰含水层渗透系数与埋深之间呈负指数递减的规律,含水层渗透系数减小导致了岩溶裂隙发育变弱、含水层的富水性逐渐减弱。研究成果为淮北煤田太灰含水层上开采底板突水危险性评价提供了参考依据。     

新集三矿1煤底板灰岩水放水试验研究

为了查明急倾斜煤层底板高压开采的水文地质条件,基于地下水井流理论,对新集三矿西四、西五采区内进行了放水试验,查明了1煤底板太灰、奥灰含水层的水文地质参数以及含水层之间的水力联系。得出：该区太灰含水层岩溶裂隙发育,富水性强：奥灰含水层岩溶裂隙发育不均,富水性中等～丰富。太灰、奥灰含水层之间水力联系密切,奥灰水是太灰含水层的直接补给水源,补给水量大的结论,直接威胁着1煤的开采。     

新驿井田奥灰岩溶裂隙含水层特征分析

在分析钻孔岩芯及水文观测孔资料基础上,从奥灰岩溶发育形态、富水性、水位动态变化三方面对新驿井田奥灰含水层进行系统研究,结果表明奥灰岩溶主要发育在奥灰顶部200 m岩层内,以溶孔和溶蚀裂隙为主,局部见孔洞,富水性情况区域差异性大,分布不均。奥灰岩溶水主要接受降水及第四系裂隙水补给,北东南西方向补给强,西北方向补给弱,岩溶水地下径流强,是下组煤开采过程中主要含水层。     

井下疏水降压防治水措施的适宜性分析

为有助于华北岩溶充水煤矿的疏放水工作,采用均衡原理分析了矿井疏放水时涌水量的构成,总结出矿井疏放水常见的3种水位动态变化曲线,即弱富水但补给充沛含水层的快速下降和快速稳定型曲线、富水性差和缺乏补给含水层的近直线状下降曲线、强富水性和强补给含水层的平缓分段下降曲线。结合河南省4个大型岩溶充水煤矿防治水实例,以大型放水试验取得的降深和涌水量之比作为评价指标,研究了矿井疏水降压的适宜性,可为矿井疏放水提供参考。     

铁南矿充水因素的分析

矿井直接充水水源为煤系地层裂隙孔隙水,开采初期揭露含水层后,矿井涌水量增加较大,主要以疏干漏斗范围内的贮存量为主,漏斗稳定后,矿井涌水量以地下水的侧向补给为主。粗粒含水层的富水性和导水性相对较好,以孔隙为主的渗入性通道是矿井充水的主要途径。     

皖北桃源矿深部含水层地下水地球化学数理统计分析

为查明皖北桃源煤矿煤系砂岩和灰岩含水层的水文地球化学特征及其主要控制因素,进而为深部水岩相互作用研究和水源识别提供信息,对22个水样品（10个煤系砂岩水、12个太灰水）的常规水化学组成进行了测试,并进行了包括因子、聚类和判别分析在内的多种数理统计以及离子相关性分析。结果表明：煤系砂岩和太灰水在离子含量上存在区别,前者水化学类型为SO4-Na型,而后者为SO4-Ca型。两个含水层的地下水样品化学组成与碳酸盐、硫酸盐及氯盐矿物的溶解以及硅酸盐矿物的风化有关。聚类分析结果表明,桃源矿煤系砂岩含水层部分样品在水化学特征上与太灰含水层相关,表明其可能受到了灰岩含水层的影响。此外,通过判别分析建立了识别煤系砂岩水和太灰水的判别方程,该方程不仅可以用于识别典型的煤系砂岩水和太灰水,也可以用于计算两者混合水的相对比例。     

山西省阳坡泉煤矿水文地质特征及水压带开采技术研究

阳坡泉煤矿位于鄂尔多斯聚煤盆地东缘的河东煤田中段东边缘。通过对矿区钻井、测井资料、含水岩性组合及出露特征分析,主要含水层为奥陶系石灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层、碎屑岩裂隙含水层、松散岩类孔隙含水层。大气降水、地表水、含水层水、奥灰水是煤田的主要充水来源。根据突水系数法对矿井西翼盘区各主采煤层进行了带压开采安全性评价,10、11、13号煤层最大突水系数值分别为0014、0015、0027 MPa/m,在构造破坏地段工作面回采有可能发生突水。依据该矿井奥灰突水带压评价,提出了该矿井带压开采的路线和安全保障措施,加强导水构造和底板薄弱带的探查与治理,以保障矿井安全开采,同时希望能够为广大同行提供一定的借鉴。     

Groundwater Source Discrimination and Proportion Determination of Mine Inflow Using Ion Analyses: A Case Study from the Longmen Coal Mine,Henan Province,China

Complex hydrogeological conditions in China’s coal mines have contributed to frequent mine water disasters. A simple and effective method to determine water inflow sources and paths is therefore essential. The Longmen Mine, located in Henan Province, in central China was used as a case study. A Piper diagram and cluster analysis were used to screen the characteristic values of 18 water samples from potential aquifers. A comprehensive fuzzy evaluation of the groundwater ions was carried out to determine the main source of the total mine inflow. Then, based on conservation of ionic masses, a matrix function was established to calculate the groundwater recharge composition. Finally, using measured water inflows for the Cambrian limestone aquifer, the calculated and observed results were compared. The results showed that the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation limestone aquifer (the L₇ limestone aquifer) accounts for 60.8% of the total mine inflow, while the Cambrian limestone and roof sandstone aquifers account for 34.8 and 4.4% of the inflow, respectively. The normal mine inflow totals about 19,200 m³/day, of which 6,840 m³/day is from the Cambrian limestone aquifer. This agrees well with the calculated value of 6,720 m³/day. Thus, the method is feasible and reliable.     

Evaluating Induced Fractures Between a Large Artificial Lake and an Aquifer-Coal Seam System: A Case Study in Tangshan Coal Mine,China

The hydrogeology of the Tangshan coal mine is extremely complicated. There are at least 20 major faults, with the offset exceeding 50 m. A large artificial lake was created where mining-induced subsidence occurred; it was filled with groundwater pumped from the adjacent aquifers near the coal seams. In addition, there are two nearby rivers that are also believed to have significant groundwater and surface water interactions. Both the river system and the large lake could be a potential threat to a new mining operation in the deep no. 5 coal seam. An in-situ hybrid packer system was designed to measure the thickness of the fracture zone and a 3-D hydrogeological model of the coal seam, associated aquifers, artificial lake, and surface water was established to simulate the groundwater flow field to evaluate the potential impact of induced fractures between the lake and the aquifers and coal seams. The results indicated that the lake has an insignificant impact on the aquifers and coal seams, though it does influence the shallow quaternary aquifer in the study area. Further study is suggested to monitor the groundwater and surface water interactions between the lake and the shallow aquifer system.     

露天采坑烧变岩与古冲沟区域水文地质“双探三预测”技术

榆林某露天矿首采区东端帮涌水区域位于烧变岩与古冲沟区域，水资源储量巨大，穿孔时涌水明显，给采坑剥离带来巨大安全隐患。为了保证采坑安全生产，对东端帮区域进行水文地质勘查工作，采用瞬变电磁法、高密度电法为主的“双探”技术进行富水性探测，开展钻探及抽水试验工作,进行渗透系数、单位涌水量及区域涌水量的“三预测”工作。结果表明：榆林某露天矿首采区东端帮“双探”物探成果中古冲沟与烧变岩区域低阻异常范围最大，异常强度极强-强趋势，推断存在导水通道，将上部含水层和下部含水层连为一体，补给来源丰富，富水强度极强。对于烧变岩和古冲沟发育区域，烧变岩含水层呈现“极高渗透系数高涌水量”特征，表明下方烧变岩层连通性好，为强富水性等级；混合段呈现“中渗透系数高涌水量”，表明中间混合段岩层连通性一般，动水量较丰富，混合段也为强富水性等级。采用大井法以及集水廊道法对东端帮烧变岩区域和古冲沟发育区域206 m物探强富水区域涌水量进行预计，预计涌水量为6453.78 m3/d。     

Relevance Between Hydrochemical and Hydrodynamic Data in a Deep Karstified Limestone Aquifer: a Mining Area Case Study

Safe coal mining in a karst region requires that mining operations assess any disturbances in the hydrogeological functioning of local aquifers and flow systems, and determine if disruptions are likely in the mine. We studied the geologic, hydraulic, and geochemical characteristics of the deep Ordovician karstified aquifer in the Xinglongzhuang and Dongtan mines of the Yanzhou coal mining district (China). The presence of a 100 m deep research borehole in the Ordovician limestone aquifer nearby facilitated hydrochemical and hydrodynamic data collection. The buried depth affected karst rock porosity, and the reduced porosity increased karst development. This, in turn, affected the abundance of water in the karst fissure. In addition to calcite and dolomite, the Ordovician limestone contains gypsum, which dissolves to form sulfate ions. Hydraulic data revealed that the water abundance in the research area is comparatively low, except for the C8 syncline zone. The Ordovician strata in this area is located in the deep, slow-flow zone of a vertical karst aquifer system, and the drilling unit water inflow is very low, which could represent the water abundance of the aquifer. Understanding this complex flow system is critical to appropriately assess the area’s deep groundwater resources and guide decision making regarding coal extraction.     

采动煤层顶板碎屑岩类含水层富水性评价方法及应用

砂(砾)岩等碎屑岩类含水层广泛发育于含煤地层中,矿井建设及煤炭资源开采过程中引发的突水事故严重威胁了煤矿安全生产,碎屑岩类含水层富水性评价成为矿井水害防治工作的重要工作。本文选取岩层结构与地质构造2个指标作为碎屑岩类含水层富水性的控制因素,提出岩性结构系数量化含煤地层岩性及其组合关系,引入分形理论定量评价地质构造复杂程度,基于此构建含水层富水性评价模型,依据矿井已有工作面突水资料,确定含水层富水性分区阈值及其等级划分标准,形成了碎屑岩类含水层富水性预测方法。研究成果成功应用于高庄煤矿湖下3上1煤层顶板砂岩含水层富水性评价工作中,取得良好效果。     

基于煤炭采空影响的多含水层水文地质响应——以新桥煤矿为例

为研究受煤炭采空影响的多含水层的水文地质响应，以新桥煤矿为例，通过对其采空区分布和地表塌陷的调查，结合煤矿地质构造、含水层水文地质特征等的分析，探讨采空影响下煤层顶底板工程地质条件的改变而产生的导水通道，造成采空区地下水的补给和径流，并通过计算和PHREEQC模拟软件分别对采空区水量、水质进行预测，从而为煤矿安全生产和采空区地下水开发利用提供依据。     

Origin of mine water by using environmental isotope technique in water-logged Coal Mines,Pingdingshan, China

Pingdingshan Coal Mining Area lies in the western part of Henan Province, and the No. 7 mine is located at the area of south-west corner. With the increase of the mining depth, the threat of karstwater from aquifer underlying the coal seam become progressively alarming to the mine workings. A research program was undertaken to investigate into the hydrogeological conditions of the coal mine, employing environmental isotopes techniques. Through the complete and systematic analysis upon the atmospheric precipitation, hydrochemistry of the surface-water and groundwater, oxyhydrogen isotopes, the following factors have been ascertained: a) the creating, distributing and migration laws of the groundwater in No. 7 mine: b) the recharge sources and the combination mechanism of the mine-water; and c) the proportion of the surface water in mine water and its age by separating the component of the minewater. The research revealed that the major recharge source of the groundwater at No. 7 mine is surface-water, and more specifically speaking is the impulsively concentrated, water-release rechard from the draining channels of reservoirs, and the perennial river leakage recharge of which the leakage zone are Cambra limestone exposed in the channels and the river valleys. The surface water recharged during one year accounted for more than 90 percent of the total mine-water discharge, while the ages of water in different aquifers ranged from 1–1.2 year. This research provides scientific basis for making plan of the mine-water control.