甘油对高直链玉米淀粉成膜性能的影响

研究甘油添加量为0～40% 的高直链玉米淀粉糊的流变性能。采用流延法将添加了甘油量为0～40% 的高直链玉米淀粉糊成膜,并对其结晶结构和耐酸性能进行研究。制备以VB1 为功能因子的淀粉薄膜包衣微丸,系统考察不同甘油添加量的高直链玉米淀粉包衣微丸在模拟人体消化道环境中的控缓释性能。结果表明：随着甘油添加量的增加,高直链玉米淀粉糊的黏度下降,膜的结晶性能和耐酸性能下降。通过调节甘油添加量和包衣厚度,使得高直链玉米淀粉能够抵御胃酸的作用而到达小肠,包衣后的微丸具有一定的控缓释功能。     

不同淀粉的壳聚糖/淀粉复合薄膜结构性能比较

为改善功能因子的生物利用率,本文采用流延法,分别将壳聚糖(分子量150000g/mol)与玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和木薯淀粉制备复合薄膜及其包衣片剂,并通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、拉伸仪、模拟消化实验等手段对壳聚糖/淀粉复合薄膜结构性能进行分析。借助壳聚糖上的-NH3+与淀粉的-OH间的氢键作用,可形成壳聚糖/淀粉复合结构,受淀粉结构差异的影响,复合薄膜中壳聚糖/淀粉复合结构的有序性存在差异,进而影响复合薄膜的机械力学性能、耐酸性及其薄膜包衣片剂的控释性能。其中,复合薄膜CTS/Potato、CTS/Tapioca中壳聚糖/淀粉复合结构的有序性优于复合薄膜CTS/Corn,其耐酸性能良好,在模拟胃液中运转2h,薄膜的损失率分别在18.71%～26.15%、16.14%～19.64%之间。同时,这两种复合薄膜包衣片剂的控释性能亦表现良好,约有60%的模型功能因子可顺利递送至小肠、结肠部位,具有作为药物、活性功能因子小肠、结肠定向释放载体材料的可能。     

具有不同微结构的壳聚糖/淀粉复合材料的性能及其应用

本文选择4种具有不同微结构的壳聚糖,与淀粉形成复合材料,并对复合溶液的流变、粘弹性能以及复合薄膜的机械性能进行探讨,利用复合材料对含药片剂进行薄膜包衣,考察其控释性能。实验结果发现,壳聚糖/淀粉复合溶液具有假塑性流体特征,壳聚糖粘均分子量越大,剪切稀化现象越明显。同时,在复合薄膜制备过程中,壳聚糖可促进淀粉分子链的排布,提升复合薄膜的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率,调控壳聚糖微观结构可改善复合薄膜的机械性能。当包衣片剂运转至模拟肠液,借助壳聚糖上的-NH_3~+与淀粉的-OH间的氢键作用,片剂外可形成凝胶层,阻碍药物的释放,壳聚糖分子量越大,药物从复合薄膜包衣片剂中释放的累积量越小。以粘均分子量2.543×10~5 g/mol的壳聚糖CTS60与玉米淀粉制备的复合薄膜包衣片剂,约有70.59%药物可递送至肠道,其中有21.83%释放于模拟小肠,48.77%释放于模拟结肠,表现出一定的控释性能。     

水溶性薄膜包衣对高链玉米淀粉结构的影响

利用高链玉米淀粉为包衣材料,通过高温高压及喷雾干燥方式进行聚合物水溶性包衣,研究了高链玉米淀粉在聚合物水溶性包衣条件下抗消化性能和结晶结构的变化。结果表明,相对于原淀粉而言,经过聚合物水溶性薄膜包衣的过程后,高链玉米淀粉的抗消化性能提高,抗消化淀粉的含量可达到28%,偏光十字消失,结晶程度降低。通过调节包衣条件可以调节淀粉的抗消化淀粉性能,从而使淀粉包衣薄膜能够达到对药物的控制释放。     

食品智能控释技术及其在益生菌制品的应用

食品智能控释技术是指食品的功能属性成分通过对其在食品加工以及摄取过程的环境响应来控制功能属性成分的释放与否、释放速度以及释放程度.智能控释有利于食品成分在食品加工、储藏过程的稳定,也能使其充分赋予食品的功能属性.可应用于食品的智能控释技术包括微胶囊化技术、微球技术、纳米技术、脂质体技术、超分子形成法等.在益生菌制品中应用智能控释技术,可以提高益生菌加工和储藏过程的耐热、耐氧性能,摄入体内能耐受胃酸而不产生释放,确保最多的活菌到达肠道产生释放,从而发挥益生菌的最大功能活性。     

机械活化玉米淀粉及其酯化淀粉的消化性能和抗酶解性能

采用In-Vitro消化模型模拟人体消化环境,对机械活化淀粉及其醋酸酯淀粉的消化速度进行了研究;并用美国谷物化学协会(AACC)的76-13标准方法,测定机械活化淀粉及其醋酸酯淀粉的抗酶解淀粉含量。结果表明,机械活化使玉米淀粉颗粒的消化速度大大加快,抗酶解淀粉的含量降低,且活化时间越长,消化速度越快,抗酶解淀粉的含量越低。醋酸酯化加快了活化淀粉颗粒的消化速度,随取代度的提高消化速度下降,但醋酸酯化降低其糊的消化速度。醋酸酯淀粉中的抗酶解淀粉含量低于活化淀粉,取代度越高含量越低。     

挤出滚圆法制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊

目的制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊。方法以微晶纤维素作为微丸成型材料,水为黏合剂,Kollicoat SR 30D为缓释材料,采用挤出滚圆法制备盐酸文拉法辛含药微丸,进而采用流化床包衣技术制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释微丸;以释放度结果为指标,考察包衣增重。结果采用挤出滚圆法制备所得的盐酸文拉法辛微丸,表面光滑平整,圆整度好;包衣增重24％～28％时,自制盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊体外释放行为与原研产品一致,相似因子f2均大于50。结论采用挤出滚圆及流化床包衣工艺,可制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊。     

食品风味智能控释技术

食品风味智能控释技术是指食品的风味成分通过对其在食品加工以及摄取过程的环境响应来控制其释放与否、释放速度以及释放程度。智能控释有利于食品风味在食品加工、储藏过程的稳定,也能使其充分赋予食品的功能属性。可应用于食品风味的智能控释技术包括微胶囊化技术、微球技术、纳米技术、脂质体技术、超分子形成法等。      

乳液递送系统中活性功能因子的释放设计

乳液作为功能性食品的递送系统具有独特的传质特性。研究证实,水中分散性差、稳定性弱或生物利用率低的活性功能因子可以通过乳液系统实现其高效递送及可控释放。乳液内外两相的特征结构,及其稳定剂形成的相界面屏障是影响功能因子释放的关键因素。在消化环境或外部刺激的影响下,乳液系统可以通过其稳定机制调节内部所封装的功能因子释放。研究显示,应用乳液递送系统能够实现活性功能因子的释放设计,因而在食品及医药等领域展示出高度的应用潜力。本文对国内外相关研究成果进行归纳总结,重点综述了乳液结构、消化过程、控释作用及稳定剂与功能因子间相互作用对功能因子释放的影响,以期为相关的功能性食品研发提供参考。     

乙基纤维素水分散体包衣制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊

目的采用乙基纤维素水分散体包衣制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊。方法以释放度为指标,以乙基纤维素水分散体(易时达)为包衣材料,采用流化床包衣技术,考察盐酸文拉法辛缓释微丸不同包衣增重对释放度变化的影响。结果包衣增重19%时,自制产品与原研产品怡诺思在体外不同介质中释放行为一致,相似因子f2大于70;在60℃熟化温度下,熟化时间对体外释放度变化的影响不显著。结论乙基纤维素水分散体包衣过程即可达到衣膜愈合完全,体外释放行为与原研产品一致,无须再经热处理。     

叶酸和辛烯基琥珀酸酐双修饰菊粉胶束对姜黄素的荷载特性

叶酸修饰两亲性多糖是一种有效的疏水活性物质载体，能增加疏水活性物质的结肠靶向转运。以叶酸和辛烯基琥珀酸酐双修饰菊粉（folic acid octenylsuccinate inulin，FA-OS-菊粉）自聚集形成荷载姜黄素的胶束为研究对象，以胶束颗粒粒径、多分散性指数和姜黄素保留率为指标，探究了该胶束的热处理稳定性、冻融稳定性、贮藏稳定性及体外模拟胃肠液消化稳定性和释放特性。结果：荷载姜黄素FA-OS-菊粉胶束在热处理和贮藏过程中姜黄素保留率较高，但粒径和多分散性指数变化显著；消化结束时，FA-OS-菊粉胶束在模拟胃液中的姜黄素释放率小于2%，在模拟肠液中的姜黄素释放率小于10%，具有较好的控释效果。结论：荷载姜黄素FA-OS-菊粉胶束具有潜在的结肠靶向效果。     

美拉德反应修饰的酪蛋白递送生物活性物质的应用研究进展

食源性活性物质因在健康调节和疾病预防等方面表现出的卓越功效而被研究者广泛关注。然而,其易受环境条件和胃肠道极端pH值的影响而破坏,表现出极低的体内生物利用率,限制了其应用。大量研究表明,利用多糖经美拉德反应修饰的酪蛋白具有良好的功能特性和环境稳定性,同时,基于美拉德反应改性的酪蛋白递送体系能显著提高生物活性物质在胃环境中的稳定性,并使其在小肠中实现靶向释放。本文综述酪蛋白的结构与性质、美拉德反应修饰酪蛋白的制备方法、美拉德反应修饰后的酪蛋白作为生物活性物质递送载体的类型以及在生物活性物质递送体系中的应用,进而讨论了活性物质在胃肠模拟消化系统中的释放特性,展望了酪蛋白经美拉德反应在制备递送体系方面的应用前景和需要解决的问题,为提升食源性活性物质的生物利用率及其深度利用提供思路。     

Legume proteins are smart carriers to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria: A review

Encapsulation is a promising technological process enabling the protection of bioactive compounds against harsh storage, processing, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. Legume proteins (LPs) are unique carriers that can efficiently encapsulate these unstable and highly reactive ingredients. Stable LPs-based microcapsules loaded with active ingredients can thus develop to be embedded into processed functional foods. The recent advances in micro- and nanoencapsulation process of an extensive span of bioactive health-promoting probiotics and chemical compounds such as marine and plant fatty acid-rich oils, carotenoid pigments, vitamins, flavors, essential oils, phenolic and anthocyanin-rich extracts, iron, and phytase by LPs as single wall materials were highlighted. A technical summary of the use of single LP-based carriers in designing innovative delivery systems for natural bioactive molecules and probiotics was made. The encapsulation mechanisms, encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical and thermal stability, as well as the release and absorption behavior of bioactives were comprehensively discussed. Protein isolates and concentrates of soy and pea were the most common LPs to encapsulate nutraceuticals and probiotics. The microencapsulation of probiotics using LPs improved bacteria survivability, storage stability, and tolerance in the in vitro GIT conditions. Moreover, homogenization and high-pressure pretreatments as well as enzymatic cross-linking of LPs significantly modify their structure and functionality to better encapsulate the bioactive core materials. LPs can be attractive delivery devices for the controlled release and increased bioaccessibility of the main food-grade bioactives.     

Protein‐loaded sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose beads for controlled release under simulated gastrointestinal conditions

Network characteristics of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, in relation to the controlled release of bovine serum albumin under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, have been examined. Small‐deformation dynamic oscillation in‐shear, compression testing and optical microscopy were employed to monitor the structural characteristics of polysaccharide beads as excipients for protein entrapment. Work focused on gastrointestinal functionality and controlled release utilising variable acidity and counterion addition in preparations. Beads were found to shrink in gastric and swell in intestinal conditions, thus emphasising the disparate effect of experimental conditions. Changes in mechanical properties reflected alterations in gel microstructure, with beads becoming relatively strong in the gastric environment. In contrast, networks were weakened in the intestinal environment resulting in bead disintegration towards the end of digestion time. This type of structural behaviour allows the controlled delivery of the protein, as a model bioactive, in a particular part of the gastrointestinal tract.     

胃肠道环境对蚕蛹蛋白稳定Pickering高内相乳液及其负载虾青素的影响

以蚕蛹蛋白稳定的Pickering高内相乳液（high internal phase emulsions,HIPEs）为研究对象,评价其在体外胃肠道环境中的稳定特性及负载虾青素的能力,阐明其靶向肠道控释的机理。通过测定粒径分布、Zeta电位以及利用激光粒度分布仪、激光共聚焦扫描电子显微镜、反相高效液相色谱和电泳技术等分析蚕蛹蛋白颗粒及其所稳定的Pickering HIPEs在模拟胃肠道环境中的变化,以及乳液负载虾青素的能力和生物可给性。结果表明：蚕蛹蛋白颗粒可稳定油相体积分数为78%的Pickering HIPEs,其对虾青素的负载率约为88%;该乳液在胃环境中90 min内保持稳定,在肠环境中随消化时间延长逐渐失稳,显著提高了虾青素在肠道的生物可给性;界面蛋白组成表明分子质量为70 kDa的蚕蛹蛋白是稳定乳液的主要蛋白,肠消化酶的水解作用是乳液在肠道失稳并释放虾青素的主要原因。本研究为蚕蛹蛋白颗粒稳定的Pickering HIPEs用于口服靶向肠道递送疏水性生物活性物质提供了理论基础,同时为虾青素在食品和保健品领域中的应用提供了新的可能。     

乳液基递送体系对植源活性物健康效应的影响研究进展

植源活性物是指存在于植物中的具有特定健康效应的活性物质。部分植源活性物受溶解度低、胃肠道稳定性差、肠上皮细胞吸收及淋巴转运效率低、体内代谢速率快等因素影响,造成其经口摄入后健康效应发挥受限。乳液基递送体系可通过以下途径影响植源活性物的健康效应：1）改善植源活性物胃肠道溶解度和稳定性,避免活性物直接接触胃肠道环境,减少活性物的失活;2）乳液油相在胃肠道消化过程中形成胶束对脂溶性活性物起增溶作用,改善活性物在小肠处经血液或淋巴的转运吸收效率;3）调节活性物在消化道中的时滞性释放及特异性黏附行为,通过改变肠道菌群结构及功能或调控活性物释放吸收靶点等方式影响活性物与肠道菌群的互作过程。本文综述了乳液基递送体系的特点及优势,着重论述乳液基递送体系对植源活性物增溶、消化道控释吸收及与肠道菌群互作过程的影响。     

The intelligent delivery systems for bioactive compounds in foods: Physicochemical and physiological conditions,absorption mechanisms,obstacles and responsive strategies

BackgroundBioactive natural compounds have received considerable attention due to their health benefits, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and cardiovascular disease-preventing functions. However, the stability of these sensitive compounds can be influenced by unfavourable environmental conditions during processing and storage. In addition, delivery of bioactive compounds via the oral route is restricted by various physiological barriers, including a harsh pH, gastrointestinal enzymes, the mucus layer, and the epithelium. Intelligent delivery systems are a promising method to protect bioactive molecules from degradation and improve their bioavailability.Scope and approachWe have demonstrated the physicochemical and physiological GI conditions. The structural composition of the epithelium and transport mechanisms of bioactives and nanoparticles across the intestinal epithelium were discussed. The effects of enhanced aqueous solubility, stability, bioaccessibility and bioavailability after encapsulation were illustrated. Furthermore, novel intelligent carriers that are responsive to the oral route, pH, enzymes and cell receptors were also discussed.Key findings and conclusionsThis comprehensive multidisciplinary review provides useful guidelines for the application of bioactive compounds in the food industry. Intelligent carrier systems are designed to improve the low solubility, poor stability and low permeability of the gastrointestinal tract, and they have the potential to improve oral bioavailability.     

A novel delivery system dextran sulfate coated amphiphilic chitosan derivatives-based nanoliposome: Capacity to improve in vitro digestion stability of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate

A novel delivery system was developed by coating dextran sulfate (DS) on the surface of amphiphilic chitosan derivative nanoliposome (DCMC-NL) through electrostatic interaction. DS coated DCMC-NL (DS-DCMC-NL) exhibited larger average particle size, lower polydispersity index, and more negative zeta potential, compared with DCMC-NL. DS-DCMC-NL exhibited good in vitro digestion stability, with no obvious variations on particle size under gastrointestinal tract environment, while DCMC-NL immediately formed sediment after being mixed with simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). EGCG as a hydrophilic model drug was encapsulated in DS-DCMC-NL, with a high encapsulation efficiency (90.8%). EGCG loaded DS-DCMC-NL (EG-DS-DCMC-NL) exhibited a relative good sustaining release property. The degradation of EGCG during SIF was effectively slowed by the encapsulation with DS-DCMC-NL. This study expects to provide a promising carrier for further application of EGCG.     

以多糖和蛋白质为基质利用静电纺丝技术构建生物活性物质递送体系的研究进展

食品在加工和储藏过程中会受到高温、离子强度、酸碱性等诸多因素的影响,导致其生物活性物质极其不稳定。同时,如果这些生物活性物质直接暴露于胃肠道环境中,其生物利用率迅速降低且容易被降解,这些不利因素极大地限制了生物活性物质在食品工业化生产中的应用。因此,如何有效地包埋生物活性物质成为研究的热点问题。静电纺丝技术是一种新兴的活性物质包埋技术,利用该技术制备的纳米纤维在食品工业中具有潜在的应用价值。本文主要综述了静电纺丝的原理、影响因素和类型,以天然多糖和蛋白质为基质通过静电纺丝制备生物活性物质递送体系(纳米纤维)的研究进展,纳米纤维的制备过程、影响因素及其改善方法,并展望了静电纺丝在食品科学领域中的应用前景。     

The Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose on the Stability and Bioaccessibility of Anthocyanin Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) emulsions provide protective encapsulation to plant bioactive compounds in food matrix and under gastrointestinal conditions. However, the stability of the emulsions during the storage is crucial for their use in the food industry. Hence, the aim of this study was to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions containing anthocyanins with the use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa). The emulsions were prepared by ultrasound technology, adding polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) in the inner aqueous phase of emulsions, and lecithin and Tween 20 in the outer aqueous phase. The systems were physicochemical characterized over the time and their behavior under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was investigated. Our results showed high encapsulation efficiencies above 90% and an increase in bioaccessibility with the use of CMCNa. Moreover, the polymer addition slowed down the free fatty acid release and increased the oil digestibility of lecithin-stabilized emulsions. These latter emulsions presented the highest bioaccessibility (31.08?±?1.73%), the more negative values of ζ-potential and no variations on the particle size and the backscattering profile over the time, thus being the most stable emulsions. These results provide useful information for the design of anthocyanin emulsion-based delivery systems to guarantee their functionality in food matrices as well as through the gastrointestinal tract.