Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的电化学研究和性能表征

在酸性氨基磺酸盐溶液体系中,采用共沉积技术制备Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层。通过阴极线性扫描测试,研究了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合体系中纳米粒子对电化学反应过程的影响;通过SEM、XRD测试分别研究了复合镀层的表面形貌和微观结构;通过Tafel曲线测试镀层的耐蚀性能,通过退火后的显微硬度测试表征镀层的热稳定性能。试验结果表明:Ni-Co/ZrO_2共沉积电位大约为-0.90V;与Ni-Co合金相比,Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层表面更加均一致密,晶粒更加细小,耐蚀性和热稳定性更好。     

Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的形貌与性能研究

通过超声辅助复合电沉积方法在氨基磺酸盐体系中制备了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层。采用单一变量法探讨了电流密度、ZrO_2粉体质量浓度和超声功率对电沉积Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层硬度的影响,优化了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀的工艺参数;对镀层进行了纳米压痕测试,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜表征优化后Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的形貌和成分。研究结果表明,优化的电沉积工艺参数为:阴极电流密度5A/dm~2,ZrO_2粉体质量浓度10g/L,超声功率240W。在此条件下,Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的纳米硬度、弹性模量以及硬模比分别达到6.13GPa、291GPa和0.021,镀层平整致密,ZrO_2纳米粒子较好地复合于金属基质中。     

ZrO_2含量与占空比对Ni-Co-ZrO_2复合镀层显微组织及耐蚀性的影响

以硫酸镍(Ni_SO4·6H_2O)、硫酸钴(CoSO_4·7H_2O)和氧化锆(ZrO_2)为主要原料,采用脉冲电沉积法在Q235钢基体表面制备了Ni-Co-ZrO_2复合镀层,通过扫描电镜和能谱仪分别分析了复合镀层的显微形貌及成分组成,并对Ni-Co-ZrO_2复合镀层的耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:镀层组织均匀、致密,与基体之间无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;ZrO_2颗粒弥散分布于Ni-Co合金基体中,随着ZrO_2颗粒的嵌入,Ni-Co合金的晶粒形貌由针状向菜花状转变;沉积1.5h后,镀层厚度约60μm,且镀态条件下Ni-Co-ZrO_2复合镀层为晶态结构;随着镀液中ZrO_2颗粒浓度增大及占空比降低,Ni-Co合金晶粒得到细化,复合镀层的耐蚀性显著提高,当ZrO_2含量为20g/L、占空比为40%时,复合镀层的耐蚀性最佳。     

超声辅助电沉积Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的性能研究

采用超声辅助电沉积方法将Ni-Co/ZrO_2纳米复合镀层电镀到铜板表面。在不同纳米粒子添加量下,通过线性扫描伏安(LSV)和交流阻抗(EIS)对电沉积过程进行电化学表征,通过SEM、EDS对镀层的组成和表面形貌进行研究,并分别利用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验仪对复合镀层的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行表征。结果表明,超声的引入能够有效降低镀液中颗粒的团聚量,提高镀层中纳米粒子的复合量,从而改善复合电沉积过程以及镀层性能。在纳米粒子浓度为10g/L时,镀层的表面形貌、摩擦性能和硬度等性能最优。     

Sn/ZrO2镀层的制备及ZrO2纳米粒子对电沉积过程的影响

在酸性硫酸盐体系中，采用超声辅助电沉积制备Sn/ZrO₂复合镀层，探究了超声功率、ZrO₂纳米粒子浓度和阴极电流密度对Sn/ZrO₂复合镀层的耐蚀性影响；通过线性扫描伏安法和交流阻抗法，研究了Sn/ZrO₂体系中ZrO₂纳米粒子对电化学反应过程的影响；通过SEM和XRD分别测试镀层形貌和微观结构。实验结果表明，较优电沉积工艺为:超声功率为300 W，ZrO₂纳米粒子浓度为7 g/L，阴极电流密度为2.5 A/dm2。在较优条件下，探究纯Sn镀层和Sn/ZrO₂复合镀层电沉积过程，超声辅助纳米粒子的加入使镀层表面更加致密，增加了沉积过程活性位点，促进了Sn2+的沉积，细化了晶粒，使得镀层表面更加平整致密。      

Ni-SiO2复合镀层电沉积制备及组织性能研究

利用直流电沉积方法在Zr-4合金表面制备了Ni-SiO₂复合镀层,采用场发射扫描电镜、显微硬度计、电化学工作站、摩擦磨损试验机等研究复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性及摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:与单一的Ni镀层相比较,Ni-SiO₂复合镀层的显微硬度值有所提升,表面更为均匀,Ni-SiO₂复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能也得到明显提升。且当SiO₂颗粒添加量为10 g/L时,复合镀层的综合性能较优。      

电流密度对脉冲电镀Sn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Sn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。利用辉光放电光谱仪(GDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等考察不同电流密度下所制备的Sn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的阴极电流效率、成分、沉积速率、表面形貌及耐腐蚀性。结果表明:随电流密度增大,镀层中Sn、Ni质量分数降低,Mn质量分数升高;镀层沉积速率先增大后减小;镀层表面晶粒细化;镀层耐蚀性先增强后减弱;电流密度为10A/dm~2时,所得镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位为-0.372V,最低腐蚀电流密度为6.76μA·dm~(-2),最大电荷转移电阻为8 349Ω·cm~2,耐蚀性最好。     

Ni-Co合金镀层的硬度及结构研究

在硫酸盐体系中采用单一变量法研究了电流密度、镀液温度和pH值对电镀Ni-Co合金镀层硬度的影响规律,确定了电镀Ni-Co合金镀层的优化工艺条件:镀液温度45℃,镀液pH值3,电流密度6A/dm~2;于该条件下在铜铬锆合金基体上制备出了硬度高、结合性能良好的Ni-Co合金镀层,并研究了退火温度对Ni-Co合金镀层硬度及织构的影响规律。结果表明,Ni-Co合金镀层硬度随退火温度的升高先提高后降低,300℃时HV0.05最高为506.2;退火后镀层呈较强的(111)织构。     

占空比对脉冲电镀Ni-Cr-Mn合金镀层的影响

利用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Cr-Mn合金镀层。采用辉光放电光谱仪(GDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),考察占空比对镀层成分、沉积速率、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随占空比增大,镀层中镍含量增加,铬、锰含量减少;沉积速率减小;在35g/L NaCl溶液中,镀层耐蚀性减弱;占空比为20%时,镀层均匀致密,具有最大的腐蚀电位(-0.301V)、最小的腐蚀电流密度(1.819×10~(-8) A·cm~(-2))和最大的电荷转移电阻(3 763Ω·cm~2),耐蚀性最好。     

直流电镀镍-钨镀层的腐蚀性能研究

以提高L245管线钢的耐腐蚀性为目的,在L245钢表面利用最优参数电沉积Ni-W镀层,采用电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗法研究了Ni-W镀层在含不同醋酸浓度下饱和氩气的氯化钠水溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,并通过用扫描电镜观察腐蚀产物的形貌。研究结果表明,在饱和氩气条件下,Ni-W镀层表面腐蚀均匀,未发生点蚀现象,其腐蚀速率随着溶液中醋酸浓度的增加而增加。此外,醋酸会破坏镀层表面沉积性保护膜,使Ni-W镀层变得疏松易脱落,加速了局部腐蚀。     

阴极气膜微弧放电沉积ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层

采用阴极气膜微弧放电沉积制备ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层，利用水溶液中阴极气膜放电产生的等离子体的能量，使在阴极表面形成的沉积物直接烧结为陶瓷涂层。研究了沉积涂层的影响因素和涂层形貌及结构。SEM，EDS和XRD分析结果表明，获得的ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层表面光滑、与基体结合致密、成分和相结构均匀，是一种由Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2陶瓷涂层。通过测试阴极气膜放电过程中电流随时间的变化以及电位在两电极间分布，分析了阴极气膜放电沉积陶瓷涂层的机制。     

撞击流管式反应制备超细氧化锆粉体

我国氧化锆粉体产业目前基本上“精进粗出”，迫切需要开发氧化锆粉体备新工艺，特别是具有高附加值的纳米氧化锆粉体制备技术，液相反应沉淀法具有成本低，易于工业化等优点而成为研究的热点。本文采用撞击流管式反应新工艺，撞击流接触反应强化了过程的微观混合。实现了均匀成核，使得成核过程易于控制，而管式反应器的独特设计克服了返混，因而使得反应沉淀过程易于控制，粒子分布窄。用该工艺结合醇热处理表面改性制备的超细氧化锆粉体。平均粒径约为14nm，粒度分布窄并无硬团聚发生。该方法过程简单，易于工业化大生产。     

粘结底层对氧化钇稳定的氧化锆涂层抗热震性能的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂设备,在316不锈钢基体上喷涂Metco204NS、KF-231和LF441三种8Y2O3/ZrO2粉体,研究不同底层材料对涂层抗热震性能的影响。结果表明：在无粘结底层的情况下,三种粉体的涂层只经受数次热震,即产生剥落或龟裂;采用铝包镍粉打底,三种涂层的抗热震性有明显改善,而采用NiCoCrAlY粘结底层,各涂层的抗热震性能达到最佳结果,但三种粉体的涂层又有不同的表现：METCO204NS最差,LF441涂层即使经受130次热震,依然完好。     

Investigation of three steps of hot corrosion process in Y_2O_3 stabilized ZrO_2 coatings including nano zones

Phase transformation of tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic phase and also increment of bond coat oxidation kinetic（TGO thickening） can substantially restrict the life time of thermal barrier coating systems（TBCs）. So, nanostructured and conventional Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 coatings were evaluated in fused V2O5-Na2SO4 salts during thermal exposure in air. Microstructural characterization showed lower hot corrosion products（monoclinic zirconia, YVO4 crystals） formation and reduction of TGO thickness in thermal barrier coating system consisting of nanostructured Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2（YSZ） top coat. It was found that inhomogeneities, pores and micro-cracks played a principal role in the molten salts infiltration into the YSZ coating during three steps of hot corrosion process. In the nanostructured YSZ coating with tri-model structure, nano zones which surrounded by fully molten parts could fill the aforementioned defects and could act as barrier for the oxygen and corrosive molten salts penetration into the TBC.     

Effect of mechanical attrition on microstructure and properties of electro-deposition coatings on NdFeB

Surface mechanical attrition treatment （SMAT） was developed to synthesize nanostructure coatings on alloy surface. The SMAT action was applied in the process of Ni and Cu electroplating coatings on NdFeB substrates in this paper. The role of mechanical attrition during barrel plating on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties of the coatings was exam- ined. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation showed that the mechanical attrition could refine grain size, markedly smooth the coating surface and obviously decrease the number of pore in the coatings. The continuous collisions of glass balls onto the NdFeB samples could induce more beneficial nucleation defects on the coating, which was helpful for increasing nucleation sites and the nucleation rate. The mechanical attrition could also restrain the heterogeneous growth of the coating grain tips due to the abra- sive action of stainless steel balls. The Tafel polarization curve experimental results indicated that SMAT process could enhance the corrosion resistance of coatings on NdFeB. The scratching test revealed that the binding force between coating and NdFeB substrate could be improved dramatically with SMAT process.     

Crystallization Behavior in Fluoride-Free Mold Fluxes Containing TiO2/ZrO2

  The time temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams of fluoride free mold fluxes containing TiO2/ZrO2 were constructed through the confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) technique. It was found that the crystallization temperature of F free mold fluxes containing TiO2 or ZrO2 increases, while incubation time decreases with increasing basicity. The crystallization tendency increases with the zirconia addition in slag melt, as it may be thought that the addition solubility is limited in molten slag and the solid particles act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Three types of crystal morphologies were observed, corresponding to different crystallization mechanisms. CaSiO3 and Ca3Si2O7 precipitate in the slag with low basicity, and Ca2SiO4 was formed with increasing basicity. The addition of TiO2 promotes the precipitation of CaTiO3. The logarithm of crystal growth rate increased with increasing isothermal temperature, suggesting that the crystal/melt interface reaction is the controlling step in the present experiment.     

Modeling Al enrichment in galvanized coatings

Aluminum enrichment in galvanized coatings was shown to be due to the formation of an inhibition layer, consisting of Fe₂Al₅,at the substrate/coating interface. The formation of the inhibition layer is a two-stage process. The first stage, associated with a high rate of Al uptake, is nucleation controlled, and the successive stage is diffusional growth controlled. The critical nucleus size is approximately one molecule of the compound Fe₂Al₅, and the energy barrier for the heterogeneous nucleation is 0.94 eV. Aluminum uptake increases with increasing strip-entry temperature and thickness, because both work to increase the effective temperature for the nucleation and growth processes. A model was proposed in which Al enrichment was shown as a function of bath Al content, bath temperature, strip-entry temperature, strip thickness, immersion time, and coating weight. The model is in good agreement with experimental results available in the open literature.     

三阳极等离子喷涂纳米氧化锆涂层工艺研究

本文采用国产纳米ZrO2-7％Y2O3粉体,通过三阳极等离子喷涂系统（Delta）制备热障涂层,对工艺参数和涂层性能之间的关系进行了研究.根据所采用的L934正交试验设计,对工艺参数,孔隙率以及结合强度之间的关系进行统计学分析,结果表明三阳极等离子喷涂系统在采用内径7mm喷嘴的情况下,由于射流速度快（约250m/s）,以及送粉速率大等因素的影响,所制备的热障涂层孔隙率为14.8％～26.2％,结合强度为13.4～30MPa.等离子弧、氢气流量和送粉速率是影响涂层性能的重要因素,喷涂距离在100～140mm之间对涂层性能影响不明显.     

料浆涂覆法制备W-Si-ZrO_2-Y_2O_3高温抗氧化涂层的组织与高温氧化行为

采用料浆涂覆和多步反应烧结工艺在难熔钨合金表面制备W-Si-ZrO_2-Y2O3高温抗氧化陶瓷复合涂层,对涂层的成分、组织特征及1 700℃下的抗氧化性能进行分析。结果表明,在反应烧结过程中涂层形成了以WSi2为主体,ZrO_2和Y2O3均匀分布的多相陶瓷复合结构,涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合。涂层在1 700℃空气环境中具有良好的抗氧化性能,高温下其表面生成光滑致密的Si O2玻璃膜,有效抗氧化寿命达14 h。