AFM针尖耦合激光加工PMMA薄膜的加工重复性

利用飞秒激光与原子力显微镜的针尖部分耦合进行加工,是有望突破衍射极限,实现多隧道结加工的技术。本文在室温大气环境下,利用微焦级别脉宽为130fs、波长800nm的飞秒激光照射镀有金薄膜的原子力显微镜的探针针尖,使其耦合产生局域场加强效应在PMMA薄膜表面加工出光栅状纳米图形。通过最大残差法计算了条纹高度和宽度的重复性百分比,计算得到高度和宽度的最大残差值分别为6.3%和2.9%。结果表明在文中所提供的加工条件下,原子力显微镜针尖耦合激光是一种有潜力的激光加工方法。     

飞秒激光玻璃微加工技术

为了研究飞秒激光作用下光学玻璃内部发生的改性过程,利用重复频率为1kHz、中心波长为775am、脉宽为130fs的飞秒激光对光学玻璃进行微加工．结果表明,激光辐照区发生永久性折射率改变,并且玻璃的改性线宽随着激光功率的增加而增加,随激光扫描速度的降低而增加．根据飞秒激光致使光学玻璃发生改性的特点,利用飞秒激光在光学玻璃内部直接刻写了相位光栅和二维图案,研究了相位光栅的衍射特性．     

飞秒激光烧蚀材料表面产生纳米波纹结构的实验

利用飞秒脉冲激光烧蚀可以获得远小于激光中心波长（775nm）量级的周期条纹．通过多脉冲飞秒激光烧蚀Ni、Al、Cu、Ti和Si等材料表面的实验,得到材料表面产生光栅的周期均小于飞秒激光中心波长;采用对比实验,改变入射光的偏振特性,发现波纹周期方向随入射光偏振方向的改变而改变;不改变激光偏振态、脉冲能量为4．2J／cm^2时,沿波纹周期走向,发现平台移动速度为0．1mm／s时,可获得清晰的551nm的金属周期结构;最后应用上述实验结果,在铜片表面制备了长为几十微米、周期为551nm的微纳光栅结构。     

基于激光诱导表面周期结构的微纳防伪结构色

激光诱导表面周期结构由于其周期相关的光栅衍射特性在明场下显示出鲜艳的结构色,备受研究人员的广泛关注,而微纳结构在显微镜暗场显示的颜色通常容易被忽略.本文报道通过飞秒激光对氧化铟锡薄膜加工形成双周期光栅结构,利用其在明场和暗场的观察下具有不同的颜色特性实现图像加密应用.通过控制飞秒激光的偏振、脉冲能量和扫描速度在氧化铟锡...     

德研制成功400瓦飞秒激光器

德国弗劳恩霍夫激光技术研究所成功研制出400W功率的飞秒激光器，有望在超高精度材料加工上得到工业化应用。 在医疗技术、微电子、航空航天和太阳能技术领域，高精度薄膜材料剪切、纤维增强材料打眼或陶瓷部件表面构造都需要使用飞秒激光器。     

用于高温测量的蓝宝石光纤光栅的制备研究

针对蓝宝石光纤的制作、蓝宝石光纤包层材料的选取与制作、蓝宝石光纤上光栅的制作及蓝宝石光纤光栅通过降低模式从而实现单模传输等问题,调研相关文献后,介绍了激光加热焊台生长法、边缘限定薄膜供料生长法两种蓝宝石光纤制作方法,和直接在蓝宝石光纤表面制作包层、质子/离子植入和退火处理、化学沉积法、浸铸法等蓝宝石光纤包层的可能制作方法,且用刻刀刻划技术、等离子刻蚀技术、飞秒激光加工技术刻制蓝宝石光纤光栅以及通过弯曲光纤、将蓝宝石光纤直径做小和与单模光纤连接来控制蓝宝石光纤传输模式以达到单模传输。     

飞秒激光与金膜作用的脉冲累积效应

采用1kHz飞秒激光（脉宽148fs，中心波长775nm）对石英衬底的金膜的烧蚀过程进行了研究．单脉冲与多脉冲的烧蚀阈值可以通过烧蚀点的直径平方与所用的激光能流的关系曲线获得．通过累积能流和烧蚀脉冲数的关系，可以得到金膜的脉冲累积因子．采用飞秒激光加工材料的一些特点可以合理解释单脉冲阈值附近获得的一些实验现象．     

飞秒激光双光子微细并行加工方法

飞秒激光三维微细加工技术具有真三维的制作能力和亚微米的加工分辨率等特点，因此获得越来越多的关注，但其串行工艺加工效率低是其技术难点．为了提高加工效率，搭建了一套飞秒激光并行加工平台，利用微透镜阵列实现飞秒激光分束聚焦，初步实现了双光子微细并行加工，在光敏树脂和玻璃上分别并行加工出多个二维结构，加工单点分辨率达到1．25μm．针对实验结果，对实验的加工一致性和分辨率进行分析，提出了进一步提高加工效率和加工一致性的方法．     

基于狭缝整形的低损耗飞秒光纤光栅制备

为了解决飞秒激光逐点法制备的光纤布拉格光栅（Fiber Bragg Gratings, FBG）损耗较高的问题,利用逐面法完成飞秒光纤光栅制备的实验研究。运用高斯光束传播的基本理论,通过狭缝整形技术对聚焦的飞秒激光能量分布进行等高宽整形,突破在光纤横截面内诱导产生圆形折射率调制的难点,最终制备得到低损耗的飞秒光纤光栅。开展不同狭缝宽度制备FBG的光谱特性对比实验,结果表明：利用光斑直径为5.0 mm的飞秒激光光束刻写FBG时,采用宽度为1.7 mm的狭缝制备得到的FBG插入损耗降低至0.15 dB,短波损耗降低至0.5 dB,验证了基于狭缝整形的低损耗飞秒光纤光栅制备方法的有效性。针对狭缝法制备的FBG反射率分散问题,提出控制折射率匹配液填充量以及调整飞秒激光能量的方法,并优化光束聚焦流程,成功降低FBG反射率的分散度。本研究对推动飞秒光纤光栅在大容量、高链路损耗等环境中的实际应用具有重要意义。     

中阶梯光栅刻划误差要求分析

中阶梯光栅作为高色散和高分辨率光学器件,已经广泛的应用于大型光谱仪器之中。在中阶梯光栅的刻划过程中,存在刻划误差,这将严重影响光栅衍射性能,最终使得衍射效果产生缺陷。针对此情况,定量分析了中阶梯光栅的刻划误差对衍射光谱、衍射级次、波前误差、鬼线强度、杂散光强度的影响以及提出了一种从衍射效率角度分析刻划误差的方法。在满足一定条件下,求得上述因素对应的刻划误差分别为:1 265.8 nm、352 nm、37 nm、112 nm、3.4 nm。这对光栅刻划时限定刻划机的刻划精度提供了直接和重要的参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.