Self-presentation and the schizophrenic "deficit".

103 schizophrenics were selected from 2 treatment and 2 custodial buildings in 3 hospitals and were classified according to their motivation for presenting a sick, incompetent or a healthy, competent impression on others. 10 hospital employees provided base-line comparison data. 1/2 of each group of schizophrenics was tested on reaction time without evaluation, and 1/2 were tested in an evaluation condition where they were told at a break that they had been performing like most mental patients. By taking patients' self-presentations and hospital atmospheres into account, it was possible both to increase the amount of "deficit" for each group and to reduce it to the point of elimination. The implications of these results for the understanding of schizophrenia are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactions to Albee's "Psychology in the sixties".

Comments on the G. W. Albee article (see record 1964-01626-001), which discusses statistics on PhDs granted in psychology, clinical psychologists in private practice, and application vs basic research in the 1960s. The present author feels that the Albee article was interesting, enlightening, and offered a welcome overview of the current status of our profession, but argues that Albee overlooks one important aspect of the training and personnel problem, as does the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. Albee assumes an opposition or antagonism between research and practice which is theoretically unsound and does not correspond to the facts. It is concluded that what is needed is an integration of research and practice, a breakdown of the barriers between those who work in the clinic or office and those in the laboratory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on the "Social Science Reporter".

Inotice in the Psychological Notes and News section of the April American Psychologist an announcement of a publication (Social Science Reporter) which presents abstracts of research significant for management, published by a Mr. Harlow. In view of the high value which Mr. Harlow apparently sets on his publication by charging $250 a year for a four-page newsletter which appears twice a month, and in view of the fact that the social scientists who do the research which provides his material receive little or no compensation for its use, it seems to me that psychologists should consider whether or not they wish to allow the use of their material for the profit of Mr. Harlow. I would very much like to see a committee of the APA investigate this enterprise, and report whether or not it deserves our cooperation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Phobic postural vertigo". A further differentiation of psychogenic vertigo conditions seems necessary]

Due to the results of an interdisciplinary study on patients with vertigo as the chief symptom and on the background of psychodynamic theories concerning anxiety disorders the term of phobic postural vertigo (Brandt & Dieterich 1986) is discussed. It becomes obvious that phobic postural vertigo is a generalizing term which encompasses different forms of psychogenic vertigo. The authors plead for a more differentiated diagnosis and subgroup oriented classification of vertigo caused by psychiatric disorders.     

Some thoughts on "stumbling into the future".

Discusses the two pieces of legislation which are receiving special attention in this issue of the American Psychologist. They have a special relationship to each other. The "National Foundation for the Social Sciences Act," of which Senator Fred Harris of Oklahoma is the author and I am cosponsor, is intended to provide Government assistance for social science research and scholarship. The "Full Opportunity and Social Accounting Act," of which I am the author and Senator Harris is a cosponsor, is intended to make use of the research, scholarship, and individual excellence of social scientists at the highest, most visible levels of the Government. The case is strong for each; the case for both, in my judgment, is overpowering. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Chromosome studies in "preleukemia". III. Myelofibrosis

Cytogenetic studies were done on 18 patients with myelofibrosis or the closely related syndrome, undifferentiated myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Clones of cells with chromosome abnormalities were demonstrated in the blood of eight individuals, including two with a history of radiation therapy and two with "acute myelofibrosis". Trisomy 8 was present in the latter two patients, but otherwise, there was no consistent cytogenetic pattern or correlation with specific hematologic findings. Sixteen of these patients have been followed for more than 1 year or until death; none has progressed to leukemia. The results indicate that chromosome abnormalities are relatively common in this disorder, but as with polycythemia vera, and unlike some other "preleukemic" states, the aberrant clones in myelofibrosis do not appear to indicate that clinical leukemia is imminent.     

"I non-exist". Paradoxes of death in adolescence

This text presents, from the case study of the analytical treatment of a young girl after a very serious suicide attempt, a theoretical reflection on the question of death during adolescence and its place and function in the psyche. The hypothesis suggested is that resorting to the "idea of death" constitutes an attempt to neutralise the excitement created by the excess of representational activities. A parallel is suggested between the way death and pain are used as a protective shield.     

A note on "Prognostic scales in schizophrenia".

An article on prognostic scales in schizophrenia by S. L. Garfield and D. M. Sundland (see record 1966-04456-001) is criticized and several ways in which it is misleading are pointed out. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A further note on "Prognostic scales in schizophrenia".

Replies to commentary by A. Farina (see record 2005-10655-011) on the original article by S. L. Garfield and D. M. Sundland (see record 1966-04456-001) regarding prognostic scales in schizophrenia. Marital status and premorbid personality are discussed as prognostic indicators of improvement in schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lipoproteins in clinical laboratory medicine]

The characteristics and metabolism of lipoproteins were reviewed. Apolipoproteins has been studied in the fields of neurological diseases as well as hyperlipidemia. A highly significant association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilone 4 allele and late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) was reported. The recent studies also described the following: (1) late-onset familial AD linked to the proximal long arm of chromosome 19; (2) the presence in the CSF of several proteins, one of which was ApoE, what bound to immobilized amyloid beta-peptide (beta A4) with high avidity; and (3) staining by antisera to ApoE of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral vessel amyloid deposits in AD brains. Furthermore, (4) both purified ApoE isomers, ApoE3 and ApoE4, bound to beta A4 synthetic peptide, forming a complex that resisted dissociation by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate, but the isomers showed different kinetics in doing so: binding by ApoE4 was observed in minutes, while binding by ApoE3 required hours; and (5) ApoE4 did not bind to beta A4 peptide at pH less than 6.6, while ApoE3 bound to beta A4 peptide from pH7.6 to 4.6. We studied ApoE phenotype expression and the corresponding allele frequencies (epsilon 2, epsilon 3 and epsilon 4) in Japanese patients with late-onset sporadic AD. The frequency of the ApoE epsilon 4 allele was obviously high in AD patients compared with the controls, but it was not different between vascular dementia patients and the controls. These results suggest that ApoE isoforms may play a functional role in the pathophysiology of late-onset familial and sporadic AD and that the isoform-specific difference in beta A4 binding may be involved in forming the AD lesion.     

Active laboratory consultation for the clinical supporting system in the general hospital

OBJECTIVE: To study demographic, clinical, and radiographic staging patterns in patients with multifocal osteonecrosis to facilitate earlier diagnosis and optimize treatment. METHODS: Multifocal osteonecrosis was defined as disease of 3 or more anatomic sites. Patients were characterized demographically, which included disease associations, corticosteroid and other agent usage, presenting joints, and symptomatology. Radiographically, patients were evaluated with plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of all joints to determine the presenting stage of the lesions. RESULTS: We found that 32 of 1056 (3%) osteonecrosis patients under our care had multifocal disease. Associated factors included systemic lupus erythematosus (13 patients), inflammatory bowel disease (5 patients), malignancy (4 patients), and renal transplantation (3 patients). Thirty of the 32 patients (94%) had a history of corticosteroid therapy, with the other 2 patients found to have a coagulopathy. All 32 patients had bilateral femoral head involvement and 30 of 32 had bilateral knee involvement, with the other 2 having only left knee lesions. Osteonecrosis was also seen in the shoulder (28 patients), ankle (8 patients), and 3 other sites. Overall, 201 sites were involved (6.3 per patient). The majority of joints presented in a pre-collapse stage (77%). Patients most commonly presented with hip or multiple joint symptoms (22 patients, 69%). In 8 patients, the knee was the sole presenting symptomatic joint and the ankle and shoulder were the sole presenting symptomatic joints in one patient each. CONCLUSION: In patients with a diagnosis of osteonecrosis and complaints in other joints, these other areas should be fully evaluated with plain radiographs and, if inconclusive, with MRI. In patients with osteonecrosis not involving the femoral head, the patient's hips should be radiographically evaluated regardless of whether the patient is symptomatic. Patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the knee, shoulder, or ankle should have other joints evaluated, as such patients have multifocal disease roughly 50% of the time.     

Epidemiological evaluation of mycobacteria isolates in one city hospital: reports from the hospital microbiology laboratory

In Percoll purified Leydig cells from mature rat we have demonstrated that the basal testosterone production (9.5 ng/10(6) Leydig cells/24 h) is increased 10-fold in presence of a saturating amount of hCG (1 IU/mL) and diminished in a dose-related manner when larger concentrations of gonadotropin are used to reach 14 ng/10(6) Leydig cells for 50 IU of hCG. If 40% (v/v) seminiferous tubule medium (STM) is added together with hCG (1 IU/mL) to the incubation medium, a further increase (62%) of testosterone output is noticed. Obviously, when the testosterone production is low as a consequence of a higher dose of hCG (50 IU/mL), the STM (80%) improves the steroid synthesis five-fold (67.4 ng). Concerning the cytoskeletal components (microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments) which have been examined in presence or absence of hCG and STM, we have found a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements as well as cell-shape changes in relation with hormonal activity of the cells. The most prominent alterations of cytoskeletal elements have been observed after 24 h of incubation with 1 IU/mL of hCG added together with 80% of STM. The obtained results suggest that paracrine factor(s) presents in STM and acting in synergy with LH/hCG generate(s) the rearrangement of cytoskeletal structures which, in turn, facilitates the availability of cholesterol for the mitochondria and finally enhances the testosterone production in the rat Leydig cells.     

能源节约与资源综合利用"十五"规划

前言能源节约与资源综合利用是我国经济和社会发展的一项长远战略方针。为了全面贯彻落实党的十五大、十五届五中全会精神和《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》,推动全社会开展节能降耗和资源综合利用,促进经济增长方式转变和可持续发展,特制定能源节约与     

Getting the "go ahead". Helping patients understand informed consent

The results of investigations the hepato-pancreatico-duodenal organs are analysed. High diagnostic effectiveness of the ultrasound examination in acute cholecystitis (95.5%) is demonstrated. In chronic calculous cholecystitis and in choledocholithiasis the ultrasound examination appeared to be accurate in 97.0% and 84.2% of cases respectively. Retrograde cholangiopancreatography was the most informative method for detection of the concrements in choledochus (effective in 94.4% of the cases). The diagnostic effectiveness of the ultrasound examination and laparoscopy in detection of mechanical jaundice and acute pancreatitis are considered to be equal. Ultrasound examination, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, laparoscopy appeared to be the most accurate and informative methods in diagnosis of the diseases of the organs of hepato-pancreatico-duodenal zone. The role of the X-ray examination decreased. At the same time the significance and reliability of intraoperative cholangiography has been stressed.