Manufacturer-independent mechatronic information model for control systems

Modular system-based engineering is the key to a quick, customized machine and plant configuration. This approach is seen as the best method to implement different functional requirements with a minimum amount of resources. The interdisciplinary configuration of control systems to automate machines has previously not been supported by engineering tools. This is partially due to the lack of standardized mechatronic information models. The machine manufacturer is required to create the necessary mechatronic information models uniquely for each control system independently. Thus, he does not comply with any modeling specifications. As a result, the mechatronic information models are not applicable for other control system architectures. The conventionally used mechatronic information models as well as the manufacturer-specific engineering tools define the control hardware components and their configurations. An abstraction of the logical and functional layers does not take place. Consequently, a mechatronic control architecture model is required. This architecture can serve as a modeling basis in modular system-based interdisciplinary engineering tools. Therefore, an approach to a manufacturer independent, mechatronic information model for control systems is the subject of this article.     

Approximate Product Life Cycle Costing Method for the Conceptual Product Design

Although the product life cycle cost (LCC) is mainly committed by early design stages, designers do not consider the costs caused in subsequent phases of life cycle. The estimating method for the product life cycle cost in early design processes has been required because of both the lack of detailed information and time for a detailed LCC for a various range of design concepts. This paper suggests an approximate LCC method that allows the designer to make comparative LCC estimation between the different product concepts. The product attributes at the conceptual design phase and LCC factors are introduced and the significant product attributes are determined by statistical analysis. Neural network algorithms are applied to estimate LCC by considering the identified product attributes as inputs and the LCC as output. Trained learning algorithms for the known characteristics of existing products will quickly give the estimation of LCC for new product concepts. The estimation for maintenance and energy costs of electronic appliances is shown as an example. The proposed method provides the good estimation for the LCC and gives the guidelines leading to cost-effective design decision-making at the early design stage.     

A displacement measurement approach for machine geometric error assessment

It is complicated and time-consuming to evaluate the performance of a machine tool. In this research, a displacement method is proposed to shorten the measurement time and to simplify the measurement. By measuring the positioning errors along the 15 lines in the machine work zone, a total of 21 geometric error components can be determined. Among the 15 lines, seven of them are mandated by the ANSI/ASME standard for the performance evaluation of CNC machining centers. Therefore, only eight additional positioning error measurements are necessary to evaluate the machine's performance. The results from the experimental tests show that the method is feasible and accurate. This method shortens the calibration time and is beneficial, particularly to the reconfigurable machining system, which needs frequent calibration.     

面向用户的可配置开放式数控系统的研究

研究了一种基于ＰＭＡＣ运动控制器的开放式数控系统,该系统以机床制造商及最终用户对数控系统开放性的需求为设计目标,为用户 可以高效地构筑定制数控系统的配置系统。本文介绍了该系统的硬件结构,并重点讨论了配置系统的实现方式、特色及实现的功能。     

Measurement and control of the drill point grinding process

The accuracy of the drill point grinding is a problem of concern to the drill user, the drill manufacturer and the manufacturer of the drill point grinder. In this paper, an algorithm is developed to check and control the drill point grinding operation based upon the mathematical model and is illustrated using the conical, hyperboloidal, and ellipsoidal drills. The discrepancies of the drill point geometry estimated from the designed geometry, due to the errors of the estimation are investigated to evaluate the performance of the grinding process and to indicate where adjustments might be made. The coordinate system for the measurement of the drill flank configuration, the objective function, the initial guess values, the number of observations and the parameter for specifying the radial direction of the drill with the curvilinear cutting edges are discussed.     

Spindle-integrated,sensor-based measurement system for cutting forces

The measurement of the cutting force allows the monitoring and improvement of cutting processes. However, due to high costs, low sensitivity, and limited flexibility, existing solutions for cutting force measurement in machine tools have not been established in the practice. This paper presents an approach for an industrial-suited force measurement system. Equipped with strain sensors, milling spindles are enabled to sense the cutting force. Firstly, the concept for the sensor system is introduced. Secondly, a prototypical realization of the measurement system in a commercial machining centre is presented. Finally, performance of the achieved measurement system is evaluated in cutting experiments.     

冷辗扩过程实时测控技术的发展状况

冷辗扩是一种生产高精度、高性能无缝环的技术,其过程具有很强的非线性.实时测量和在线控制是保证冷辗扩过程平稳,提高环件质量的手段,是冷辗扩技术的关键之一.介绍了冷辗扩机的工作原理,包括测控系统的组成与控制原理.详细叙述了冷辗环机的计算机控制系统、进给伺服系统、测量反馈系统、过程参数及控制规律的特征.比较了国内外冷辗环机的性能,指出冷辗扩工艺动力学模型、计算机工艺规划、冷辗扩机的自适应能力、伺服系统、圆度辊控制、过程监控是目前研究的重点.     

Machine tool condition monitoring using statistical quality control charts

The application of statistical quality control charts to the monitoring of machine tool performance parameters is presented. A novel method of measurement normalization is included to compensate for performance parameter inter-dependence. The method is based on a “normalization chart” which defines the normal relationships between the performance parameters. The difference between a “current” measurement and the corresponding value from a normalization chart is then used to calculate a residual. Using the principles of statistical quality control, the residual is then plotted on a control chart to monitor the condition of the machine tool. The method is illustrated with some of the machine tool parameters logged by a data acquisition system, designed and implemented as part of a European Union research project.     

Kinematical calibration of a hybrid machine tool with Regularization method

The hybrid machine tools, combining the advantages of serial and parallel type machine tools, provide more and more application opportunities for less-freedom parallel mechanism. Accuracy performance is still an important index of hybrid machine tool for industry application. In this study, configuration of a 3-P(4R)S-XY hybrid machine tool is first introduced. The 3-P(4R)S parallel mechanism can be simplified to a 3-PRS mechanism on kinematical calibration. Based on that, error model and error kinematics are derived to introduce all possible manufacturing and assembling errors into calibration. Then, identification matrix is derived by differentiating kinematical equations. Combining the advantages of calibration schemes based on both inverse and forward kinematics model, a new measurement scheme is put forward, in which not all freedoms of motions needs to be measured and error identification could be efficiently accomplished in one time measurement. In order to solve the ill-posed problem in error identification, practical Regularization methods are adopted. Finally, the kinematical calibration experiment of the prototype machine tool is performed with a combined measuring tool. The results of RTCP accuracy test reveal that the positioning accuracy is less than 0.05 mm in the 30° cone workspace. Calibration experiments for the prototype verify feasibility and effectivity of the more precise kinematical error model, the low-cost measurement scheme, and the error identification solution with Regularization method.     

A value based evaluation method for Product/Service System using design information

This article proposes a new method for evaluating Product/Service System (PSS). It improves formulation of an evaluation step within an existing comprehensive method for designing PSS. The evaluation is achieved based on the importance of various customer value and each offering's contribution to the value as well as the customer's budget. Its advantage is the effective utilization of design information accumulated at the earlier part of the comprehensive method, as opposed to marketing oriented methods solely for utility measurement (e.g. conjoint analysis). Application of the entire method to a real life case at an investment machine manufacturer is presented.     

Adaptive logging module for monitoring applications using control internal digital drive signals

Monitoring and collision avoidance systems are a standardized part in nowadays machine tools. The configuration and parameterisation of these systems require expert knowledge about the process and the machine tool. Using the monitoring system in different process types and with varying tools makes it necessary to adapt and change the parameterisation. Considering the acceleration and friction influences, these perturbations are independent from the process itself. This paper describes a solution method which identifies these perturbations, monitors the characteristics during the process and adapts the correction model if required. Then the possibilities for monitoring operation based only on digital drive signals will be explained.     

基于STD总线的棒材打捆机控制系统研究

对棒材打捆饥运行机理进行了分析,没计了以89C51单片机为核心的打捆机控制系统,实现了对棒材打捆机运行过程的自动控制、信号的自动检测以及运行状态的液品(LCD)多屏动念显示等多种控制功能、本文描述了该控制系统的基本功能、硬件配置和系统软件的设计。     

数控机床主轴热误差测温优化布点方案的研究

论文首先介绍了数控机床主轴热误差测温系统的软硬件结构,接着采用主因素策略和互不相关策略对机床的14个测温点进行了优化布点,最终选出了4个优化后的测温点。利用基于最小二乘法的多元线性回归方法对主轴的热变形进行估计后,发现模型的估计效果很好,验证了测温点优化的必要性。     

基于虚拟仪器的磁流变振动实验台测控系统

介绍了基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器的磁流变振动实验台测控系统的构成,推导了控制电流的计算式,并通过程序介绍详细阐述了测控系统的工作工程,LabVIEW的采用,使得现代测控系统的构建变得更简单、方便、有效,并为进行磁流变阻尼器相关研究提供了很好的平台.     

液压挖掘机电液驱动系统的数学模型研究及参数估计

液压挖掘机是一种机电液相结合的复杂工程机械,随着社会的不断进步,工程机械的机器人化已是大势所趋,但其液压系统的动态特性是强非线性的,难于实现对其精确控制。因此对其电液驱动模型进行系统研究,尤其是对非对称单杆液压油缸驱动机构研究是至关重要的。本文对挖掘机器人的液压驱动系统进行了详细的研究,并利用空间状态方程建立其数学模型,为非对称单杆液压油缸控制系统的控制策略选择和控制器设计提供了理论基础。     

埃斯顿嵌入式数控系统在三辊卷板机上的解决方案

详细阐述了埃斯顿嵌入式数控系统在三辊卷板机上的应用技术。该控制系统基于DSP技术构建,配置多种硬件端口,内置人机交互子系统和实时控制子系统,可实现高精度运动控制。具体应用包括自动控制预弯长度、自动预弯、自动卷圆、自动保存和调用加工程序,等。     

数控小型电子提花机的研制

介绍了由大连轻工业学院研制的新型驱动与新型控制方式的数控小型电子提花机的主要技术特点,详细的叙述了该设备的驱动系统和控制系统,分析了提花组件的结构及工作原理,并介绍了独特的组件电磁铁助吸技术.该电子提花机工作方式新颖,结构合理、性能可靠、操作方便.最后提出了开发网络化群控电子提花机系统是未来发展的必然趋势.     

内旋包络法数控螺杆铣床的关键技术研究

介绍笔者研制的一种新型数控螺杆铣床,采用标准不重磨刀片构成的铣刀盘,通过内旋包络法成形机理实现螺杆螺旋面的铣削加工,降低了通常成形铣削法对刀具刃形的要求,具有加工效率高、通用性好、刀具成本低的特点。文章主要介绍螺杆螺旋面包络成形机理、刀具中心坐标的计算、机床总体机械结构组成以及包络点的优化计算等相关技术。     

A controlling system based on cause–effect relationships for the ramp-up of production systems

Due to ever shorter product life-cycles, the duration and costs of the ramp-up phase are becoming even more important. Unfortunately, actual tools for project management are not capable of controlling the ramp-up sufficiently. Currently a ramp-up controlling system is developed with a prognosis model as its core component. This is based on a network of cause–effect relationships, which forecasts the effect of a parameter change on the principal project objectives such as performance, costs and due dates. The paper explains the basic model and the structure of the resulting prototype which consists of project planning software, databases, spreadsheets and simulation models.     

KC-TZ118型链轨节数控钻镗组合机床的研制

KC-TZ118型链轨节数控钻镗组合机床,是校企合作共同研发的高效率、高精度、高性能自动钻镗组合机床,专门用于挖掘机左右链轨节镗孔、钻孔的加工.主要介绍KC-TZ118型链轨节数控钻镗组合机床的方案确定、机床结构特点、机床参数的配置、数控系统的配置及调试方法等,并详细分析机床设计中的关键技术.