烧结温度对0.55Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.45Pb(Zr_(0.3)Ti_(0.7))O_3压电陶瓷性能的影响

0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)3-0.45Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3(0.55PNN-0.45PZT)组分的弛豫型压电陶瓷因具有较高的压电性能,已被作为制备含金属芯压电陶瓷纤维的材料等使用。为了进一步提高压电陶瓷纤维的电学性能,采用传统固相烧结法制备了0.55PNN-0.45PZT压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对材料结构、表面形貌和电学性能的影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1200℃时,材料的各方面性能较佳:密度为8.12g/cm3,d33=850pC/N,kp=0.62,εr=7317,tanδ=0.033,Qm=41.66。     

烧结温度对PMS-PZT系陶瓷显微结构和压电性能的研究

研究了不同烧结温度对Pb(Mn1／3Sb2／3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3(PMS—PZT)系压电陶瓷显微结构和压电性能的影响．实验结果表明：在1240℃、2h条件下烧结，能获得最优的综合性能：Cr=1530、d33=374、Kp=0．6、tanδ=0．41％、Qm=1250，可以满足压电变压器和超声马达等大功率场合下的使用要求．与此同时，当烧结温度为1100-1150℃时，材料仍然具有良好的压电性能：Cr=1370、d33=348、Kp=0．57、tanδ=0．62％、Qm=1620(1150℃)，因此可以作为中低温烧结的多层器件用厚膜材料．高温显微镜、SEM、TEM和EDS等研究表明，PMS—PZT系陶瓷具有很宽的烧结温度区域，特别是中低温烧结时仍能成瓷并具有高的压电性能，主要是因为PbO和Sb2O5在较低烧结温度下(1100℃)能够形成过渡液相促进陶瓷烧结，随着烧结温度的升高，它们能够重新进入晶格形成单一钙钛矿结构．     

锰掺杂对PMN-PT陶瓷介电和压电特性的影响

采用氧化物固相反应法制备了Mn掺杂0.67Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.33PbTiO3陶瓷，研究了锰掺杂量对陶瓷相结构、介电和压电性能的影响。实验发现，随着锰掺杂量的增加，陶瓷焦绿石相含量的逐渐较少，材料变“硬”。即当锰掺杂量少于1.5mol％时，介电系数ε、压电常数d33和机械品质因数Qm逐渐增加，介电损耗tanδ减少。随着锰掺杂量的进一步增加，弛豫程度变得更加明显。当压电陶瓷组分中锰掺杂量为1.5mol％时，其介电和压电性能各为：ε=2300，kp=0.54，Qm=900，tanδ=0.004，d33=400pC/N，适于制作大功率压电陶瓷变压器。     

烧结气氛对KNN基无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

本文利用传统固相烧结法制备（K0.47Na0.47Li0.066）（Nb0．94Sb0．06）0.96%Ta0.04O3（简称KNLNST）无铅压电陶瓷,通过在烧结过程中添加与基方相同成分的粉料作为保护气氛,定量研究了不同的烧结气氛对KNLNST无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响。实验表明添加30wt％气氛粉料时所得陶瓷压电介电性能得到明显提高：d33=235pC／N,Tε33/ε0=1218,tanδ=0．0420,kp=42．5％,k1=43％,Qm=54,Pr=18．5μC／cm^2,Ec=1．61kV／mm。相对于不添加气氛粉料时,陶瓷压电铁电性能d33、kp、k1,Pr分别提高13．0％、32．4％、48．3％、14．9％,介电损耗tanδ下降64．3％。本研究结果有助于充分挖掘含有易挥发性元素陶瓷材料的优良压电介电性能。     

四元系PZT-PFW-PMN大功率压电陶瓷的电性能研究

用传统固相法制备了PbZrO3-PbTiO3-Pb(Fe2/3 W1/3)O3-Pb(Mni/3 Nb2/3)O3(简称PZT-PFWPMN)四元系压电陶瓷.研究了不同含量的Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3(简称PFW)对PZT-PFW-PMN陶瓷的相结构、密度、介电性能和压电性能的影响.另外,还研究了制备工艺对陶瓷电性能的影响.结果表明,随着PFW的加入以及烧结温度的提高,体系的介电和压电性能都有所改善.当加入3.0%(摩尔分数)Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3并在1200℃下烧结时,材料具有良好的综合电性能:d33=358pC/N,Kp=0.63,Qm=1655,tgδ=0.005,该组份是大功率压电陶瓷变压器用材料优良的备选体系.     

(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(0.94-2x)Li_(0.06)Sr_xNb_(0.98)Sb_(0.02)O_3无铅压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统陶瓷烧结工艺制备了(K0.5Na0.5)0.94-2xLi0.06SrxNb0.98Sb0.02O3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了陶瓷的结构、烧结特性及电性能特征.研究结果表明:制备的KNLSN-Srx陶瓷为单一的具有四方相的钙钛矿结构,SEM照片中可以看出材料的平均晶粒尺寸随着Sr掺入量的增加逐渐变大,陶瓷的烧结温度随Sr掺入量的增加而升高,Li,Sr和Sb掺杂(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3后,材料的压电系数d33、平面机电耦合系数kp得到提高,同时介电损耗tanδ和机械品质因子Qm降低,Sr掺入量在2mol%时各项性能最佳(d33=130pC/N,kp=34.5%,tanδ=4.2%).     

铟掺杂PZT铁电陶瓷性能研究

采用传统固相烧结法制备In2O3掺杂的锆钛酸铅(PZT)铁电陶瓷,研究了In2O3掺杂量对PZT铁电陶瓷材料的相组成、微观结构、介电性能、压电性能及铁电性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着In2O3掺杂量的增加,PZT材料在准同型相界处三方相增加四方相减少,适量掺入In2O3有利于晶粒均匀生长。在不同的铟掺杂剂量下,PZT陶瓷材料分别具有最佳的铁电及压电性能。当铟掺杂量为0.1%(质量分数)时,PZT材料具有最佳的铁电性能,其剩余极化强度为23.43μC/cm2,矫顽场为9.783kV/cm。当铟掺杂量为0.3%(质量分数)时,PZT材料具有最好的压电性能,其tanδ=0.023,d33=540pC/N,εr=1513,Kp=0.764,Qm=1819。     

制备工艺对PMN-PNN-PZT四元系压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

通过二次合成工艺制备了0.25 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-zPbZrO3-wPbTiO3四元系压电陶瓷,其中w/z=1.6～1.65.研究了合成温度、烧结温度和极化等制备工艺对材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:在合成温度为1050℃/860℃,烧结温度为1180℃,极化场强为5000V/mm时,材料具有良好的综合性能,其各项主要参数为:d33=(610～633)pC/N,Tc=234～235℃,εT33/ε0=3950～4015,Qm=81,Kp=0.63～0.66,tanδ=(1.7～2.0)%.     

Mn改性Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法获得了Mn改性的Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9(NBN+xmol%MnCO3,0≤x≤10.0)铋层状压电陶瓷,并系统地研究了Mn(掺杂)对NBN基陶瓷显微结构与电性能的影响.结果表明,所有获得的样品都是居里点在700℃以上的单一相铁电体.加入Mn显著地提高了NBN系列陶瓷的机械品质因素Qm,明显改善了陶瓷的压电与机电性能.当MnCO3掺杂量为8.0mol%时,陶瓷获得最佳电性能:tanδ=0.749%,d33=20 pC/N,Qm=3120,kp=12.37%,kt=21.09%,Pr=7.01μC/cm2.NBN+xmol%MnCO3(x=8.0)陶瓷经700℃退极化处理后,其d33保持为原来的75%(~15 pC/N),表明该材料在高温领域下具有良好的应用前景.     

Sn含量对PbSnO_3-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbTiO_3三元系压电陶瓷相结构和电性能的影响

采用两步钶铁矿前驱体工艺制备了PbSnO3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PSn-PMN-PT)三元系压电陶瓷,研究了Sn含量的变化对PSn-PMN-PT三元系压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响。XRD结果表明,所选成分均处于三方相和四方相共存的准同型相界上,当Sn含量减少时,PSn-PMN-PT的XRD图谱基本没有发生变化,而当Sn含量增加时,在XRD图谱中逐渐出现烧绿石相。电性能研究表明,缺失少量Sn可以提高PSn-PMN-PT的压电、介电和铁电性能,减小损耗;而添加过量Sn明显损害其压电和铁电性能,增加损耗。缺失0.2mol%Sn的PSn-PMN-PT具有最佳的压电和铁电性能,d33:~530 pC/N,kp:~56.4%,Qm:~570,εr:~3070,tanδ:~0.32%,Pr:~28.9μC/cm2,EC:~8 kV/cm。     

Microstructure and optical properties of plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles

Plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles were deposited by simultaneous plasma polymerization and metal evaporation. The particle size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analysed by optical image processing. The optical properties in the UV/ VIS/NIR spectral region were determined by the plasma resonance absorption of the silver particles. Transmittance spectra were calculated with the Bergman effective medium theory and compared with experimental spectra.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Ba-modified lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate ceramics

(Pb_0.97−xLa_0.02Ba_x)(Zr_0.75Sn_0.12Ti_0.13)O₃ ceramics in the composition range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.16 were prepared by conventional solid state reaction process. On increasing Ba content from 0.1 to 0.16 mol, the specimens underwent phase transition from the first order to the second order and the Curie temperature decreased from 85 to 35 °C. With x = 0.16, the specimen showed good pyroelectric properties for practical applications. When a 500 V/mm dc bias field was applied, the specimen showed the maximum pyroelectric coefficient of 5800 μC/m² K and figure of merit of 58 × 10⁻⁵ Pa^−0.5 at Curie temperature.     

Material Properties of Titanium Diboride

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycrystalline TiB₂ are examined with an emphasis on the significant dependence of the properties on the density and grain size of the material specimens. Using trend analysis, property relations, and interpolation methods, a coherent set of trend values for the properties of polycrystalline TiB₂ is determined for a mass fraction of TiB₂ ⩾ 98 %, a density of (4.5±0.1) g/cm³, and a mean grain size of (9±1) µm.     

X-cor夹层结构的力学性能试验研究

X-cor夹层结构比强度高,比刚度大,有望取代传统蜂窝夹层结构作为航空航天器的主承力结构材料。采用真空固化成型工艺,通过改变Z-pin的植入参数制备了X-cor夹层结构,研究了Z-pin植入角度、植入间距和直径对其平压、剪切和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,Z-pin的植入参数对X-cor夹层结构的力学性能影响显著。随Z-pin植入角度的增加X-cor夹层结构的平压性能降低,剪切性能增强,拉伸模量减小,拉伸强度先增加后减小。随Z-pin植入间距和直径增加,X-cor夹层结构力学性能均增加。与泡沫夹层结构相比,X-cor夹层结构压缩、剪切和拉伸模量的测试值分别提高了1.26～5.15倍、2.50～13.56倍和1.90～2.71倍,压缩、剪切和拉伸测试值分别提高了1.63～9.20倍、1.28～2.03倍和1.01～2.30倍。     

Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material

This paper presents experimental work regarding the basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture-mechanics properties, durability characteristics, hydric and thermal properties of high performance concrete (HPC) with up to 60% of Portland cement replaced by fine-ground ceramics. Experimental results show that the amount of the ceramics in the mix is limited mainly by the resistance against de-icing salts which is found satisfactory only up to the cement replacement level of 10%. The mechanical and water transport properties are not significantly impaired by ceramic additions of up to 20%, whereas the effective fracture toughness, specific fracture energy, and chemical resistance (to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, HCl) are effectively maintained up to 40%. The frost resistance, water vapor transport and storage parameters and thermal properties are not significantly impaired even up to a 60% replacement level.     

Facile preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with pristine layered double hydroxides

In this paper, nano-sized Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized by a fast nucleation and slow aging method. The structures of LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites with different LDH loadings were prepared by water solution casting method. TEM observations show that the LDH nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in the PVA matrix. Tensile tests indicate that the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of PVA are improved by about 15% and 54%, respectively, when incorporating with 2 wt% LDH. The improvement of mechanical properties of PVA can be attributed to fine dispersion of LDH, good compatibility and strong interaction between PVA and LDH. In addition, the presence of LDH decreases the decomposition rates at the second stage and improves the amount of residues of PVA. Meanwhile, the transparency of the nanocomposite films is maintained compared with neat PVA.     

Preparation and characterization of organic pigments and their fluorescence properties depending on bulk structure

Fluorescent pigments, based on the optical or electrooptical properties of dyes, are the main component in fluorescent coatings and inks. In this study, three kinds of dyes (Rhodamine B, Light Green SF Yellowish, Coumarin) with four different ratios (2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%) were employed as luminophor, and the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin was used as curing resin to prepare fluorescent pigments in different color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were carried out to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution were used to present the morphology of fluorescent pigments. UV–vis and fluorescence spectrum were used to demonstrate the optical properties. It can be concluded that, coumarin pigments possessed consecutive structure in MF resin while rhodamine B might be the best for the preparation of printing inks among the three kinds of dyes from the view of particle size. The TG results presented that all the pigments showed good thermal stability, which might possess potential application in high speed printing industry.     

Mechanochemical synthesis,structural, magnetic,optical and electrooptical properties of CuFeS2 nanoparticles

The rapid mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ particles prepared by high-energy milling for 60?min in a planetary mill from copper, iron and sulphur elements is reported. The CuFeS₂ nanoparticles crystallize in tetragonal structure with mean crystallite size of about 38?±?1?nm determined by XRD analysis. HRTEM study also revealed the presence of nanocrystals with the size of 5–30?nm with the tendency to form agglomerates. The Raman spectrum confirms the chalcopyrite structure. Low temperature magnetic data for CuFeS₂ support the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic spin structure. Moreover, the hysteresis loops taken at temperatures from 5?K to 300?K revealed a presence of very small amount of ferromagnetic phase, which seems to be associated with the non-consumed elemental Fe in as-prepared nanoparticles. The optical band gap of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles has been detected to be 1.05?eV, larger than band gap of the bulk material. The wider gap possibly resulted from the nano-size effect. Photoresponses of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles were confirmed by I-V measurements under dark and light illumination. It was demonstrated that mechanochemical synthesis can be successfully employed in the one step preparation of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ with good structural, magnetic, optical and electrooptical properties.     

Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength,toughness, durability,and hygrothermal performance

A complex analysis of engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material in the blended Portland-cement based binder in an amount of up to 60% by mass is presented. The studied parameters include basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture–mechanics properties, durability characteristics, and hygric and thermal properties. Experimental results show that 20% zeolite content in the blended binder is the most suitable option. For this cement replacement level the compressive strength, bending strength, effective fracture toughness, effective toughness, and specific fracture energy are only slightly worse than for the reference Portland-cement concrete. The frost resistance, de-icing salt resistance, and chemical resistance to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, and HCl are improved. The hygrothermal performance of hardened mixes containing 20% natural zeolite, as assessed using the measured values of water absorption coefficient, water vapor diffusion coefficient, water vapor sorption isotherms, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity, is satisfactory.     

基于第一性原理研究Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构和性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,系统研究了Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构、磁性、弹性性能和电子性质.计算结果表明:立方相的基态结构是铁磁态的Hg2CuTi结构.立方到四方的相变几乎是体积不变的,这是形状记忆合金的特性.奥氏体和马氏体的磁矩分别是4.48和4.56μB/f.u..另外,预测了Fe2CuGa的弹性系数.Fe2CuGa的立方结构在力学上是不稳定的而四方结构是稳定的.根据体模量和剪切模量的比值,发现Fe2CuGa在本质上是可延展的.利用态密度的方法解释了Fe2CuGa马氏体相变的来源.