合成和表征NiFe2O4纳米线阵列

采用真空灌注结合溶胶-凝胶和氧化铝模板法,在多孔氧化铝模板中制备了平均直径为50 nm的NiFe2O4纳米线阵列.X射线衍射结果显示所制备的纳米线是纯相的NiFe2O4纳米线,透射电镜和电子衍射的结果显示已制备的纳米线是多晶的且表面光滑,场发射扫描电镜图片显示纳米线是大面积且平行有序的、纳米线的长度和所用的氧化铝模板的厚度相当.磁测量的结果显示此纳米线阵列有形状各向异性,同块状材料相比矫顽力有所增强.对纳米线的生长机理做了简单的讨论.     

不同结构镍纳米线阵列的制备及其磁性

采用直流电沉积在多孔有序氧化铝模板中制备了不同结构的有序镍纳米线阵列。采用SEM和TEM对所制备的镍纳米线的形貌和结构进行了表征。研究了镍纳米线不同结构对镍纳米线阵列磁性性能的影响规律．当电沉积电压为2．5V时制备的镍纳米线为多晶结构；电沉积电压4V时，镍纳米线为沿[220]择优取向的单晶结构；电沉积电压＞5V时，择优取向由[220]转为[111]方向．磁滞回线结果表明，单晶镍纳米线阵列与多晶纳米线阵列相比具有更高的矩形度，沿[111]择优取向的单晶纳米线相比沿[220]取向的单晶镍纳米线具有更大的矩形度，表现出显著的磁各向异性。     

CoFe2O4纳米线阵列的制备与磁性

在氧化铝模板的纳米孔洞中,用电化学的方法沉积钴铁合金纳米线,经过550℃、30h氧化处理,成功制备出钴铁氧体纳米线阵列.分别用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁场计(VSM)对样品的形貌、晶体结构和磁学性质进行了表征测试.TEM观察结果显示纳米线粗细均匀,直径约为70nm.XRD显示纳米线的物相结构为CoFe2O4;VSM测试结果表明,CoFe2O4纳米线阵列的磁滞回线矫顽力为1.190×105A/m,比氧化处理前的钴铁合金纳米线阵列有显著提高.     

退火温度对电沉积FeNi纳米线阵列结构及磁性能的关联性研究

采用E-T和脉冲电化学沉积法,利用氧化铝（AAO）模板制备出直径200 nm,长度约为13.1μm的非晶态FeNi纳米线阵列。FeNi纳米线阵列的形貌、成分、微观结构以及磁学性能分别通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、场发射透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）以及振动样品磁强计（VSM）进行表征。研究结果表明,FeNi纳米线排列致密,外壁平整光滑,粗细均匀,元素分布均匀。制备的纳米线表现出纯非晶结构,退火后从非晶基体中析出γ（Fe, Ni）相,且晶粒的生长具有明显的（111）择优取向。VSM结果表明在非晶纳米线中具有较强的磁各向异性,其易磁化轴为平行于长轴方向。随着退火温度的升高,矫顽力H_c和剩磁比B_r/B_s整体呈下降趋势,主要归因于纳米线内应力的释放及纳米晶间的磁交换耦合作用。     

阳极氧化铝模板上扩散聚合法制备聚苯胺纳米管(线)阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板，利用扩散聚合法让苯胺单体溶液和氧化剂溶液在一维纳米孔道中相互扩散，在孔内形成聚苯胺（PANI）纳米管和纳米线阵列。利用SEM、TEM、IR和XRD等检测技术对阵列进行表征。结果表明，聚合反应优先发生在孔壁上，并沿孔壁逐层生长，直至形成实心的纳米线阵列。在孔径为60nm的AAO模板内，扩散聚合40min可形成聚苯胺纳米管阵列，2h后形成聚苯胺纳米线阵列；聚苯胺纳米管（线）中同时包含结晶相和无定型相结构。用二探针法测量PANI／AAO复合阵列电阻，计算出单根聚苯胺纳米线的电导率为21．4S／cm。此外，对扩散聚合过程中聚苯胺纳米管（线）阵列的形成原因进行了初步分析和探讨。     

非晶Co及CoP纳米阵列的制备及研究

采用交流电化学沉积法,在多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板孔洞中成功制备出直径50nm的Co纳米线阵列.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)观察了样品的微观形貌结构.结果显示,阵列中纳米线均匀有序,形状各向异性较大,其晶体结构为非晶.在沉积Co纳米线阵列的电解液中添加一定的还原剂(NaH2PO2·H2O),制备出非晶CoP纳米阵列,由TEM观察可知,阵列形貌发生变化,沉积产物为离散的纳米粒子而非纳米线.探讨了交流电沉积纳米阵列的生长机理.     

模板法Li4Ti5O12纳米线阵列的制备及其机理分析

通过溶胶填充模板法制备了Li4Ti5O12纳米线阵列,采用SEM、EDS、XRD对纳米线形貌和组成进行了表征.实验结果表明:以孔径为100nm阳极氧化铝模板(AAO),于-0.1MPa负压环境中填充0.8 mol/L Li4Ti5O12溶胶,80℃干燥,900℃空气气氛中焙烧20h,重复填充-干燥-焙烧四次,得到平均直径为70nm尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12纳米线阵列.其直径和长度分别由模板的孔径、厚度,溶胶浓度和填充次数控制,晶体结构取决于焙烧时间和温度.并在实验基础上,分析了纳米线形成机理.     

SiO2纳米颗粒复合Bi2Te3纳米线阵列的制备

为结合一维纳米材料和纳米颗粒复合材料的优点,本文尝试进行了在氧化铝模板(AAO)中生长Bi2Te3-Si O2纳米颗粒复合纳米线阵列。通过在电化学溶液中添加Si O2纳米颗粒,制备包含纳米颗粒的Bi-Te纳米线阵列。应用XRD、SEM、TEM等方法对合成的样品进行了分析观察。研究发现Si O2纳米颗粒的加入对纳米线的形貌和结构都有明显的影响。在模板法沉积Bi2Te3纳米线阵列时,添加Si O2纳米颗粒将明显改变纳米线生长方式,Bi2Te3纳米线不再是等径的纳米棒,而是枝晶生长过程,最后形成Z字型的不断反复弯折纳米线,该枝晶状纳米线的直径远小于模板的孔径。这一新颖的现象为制备直径更小,并具备精细界面结构的纳米线热电材料提供了一种新的可能途径。     

不同结构镍纳米线阵列的制备及其磁性

采用直流电沉积在多孔有序氧化铝模板中制备了不同结构的有序镍纳米线阵列。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备的镍纳米线的形貌和结构进行了表征。研究了镍纳米线不同结构对镍纳米线阵列磁性性能的影响规律。当电沉积电压为2.5V时制备的镍纳米线为多晶结构;电沉积电压4V时,镍纳米线为沿[220]择优取向的单晶结构;电沉积电压大于5V时,择优取向由[220]转为[111]方向。磁滞回线结果表明,单晶镍纳米线阵列与多晶纳米线阵列相比具有更高的矩形度,沿[111]择优取向的单晶纳米线相比沿[220]取向的单晶镍纳米线具有更大的矩形度,表现出显著的磁各向异性。     

TiO2纳米线阵列生长机理的研究

采用两步氧化法制备了多孔氧化铝模板(AAO),并利用AAO结合用电化学诱导溶胶-凝胶法制备了锐钛矿型的TiO2纳米线阵列,探讨了形成TiO2纳米线阵列的生长机理.发现TiO2纳米线是由Au基底沿着孔洞逐步向上生长,直接生成纳米线,因而可以通过控制氧化铝模板的尺寸和电化学沉积的时间来控制纳米线的长径比.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.