尖晶石型Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4纳米晶体的制备及电磁性能研究

以金属离子的柠檬酸盐为前驱体，通过sol-gel自燃烧的合成方法制备了镍锌铁氧体（Ni0．8Zn0．2Fe2O4）纳米晶体。采用FT-IR、DSC-TG、XRD、TEM波导等方法对产物以及产物的电磁性能进行了表征。结果表明，在前驱体中，金属离子与柠檬酸以络合物的形式存在，凝胶在220℃完成自燃烧反应，随着热处理温度的升高，粉体的粒径逐渐增大，纳米晶体在8-12GHz的测试条件下具有介电损耗与磁损耗，随着涂层厚度的增加，混合媒质的微波反射率逐渐增加，反射率吸收峰随着厚度的增加向低频移动。     

尖晶石型Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4纳米晶体的?制备及电磁性能研究

以金属离子的柠檬酸盐为前驱体,通过sol-gel自燃烧的合成方法制备了镍锌铁氧体(Nio.8Zno.2Fe2O4)纳米晶体.采用FT-IR、DSC-TG、XRD、TEM波导等方法对产物以及产物的电磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,在前驱体中,金属离子与柠檬酸以络合物的形式存在.凝胶在220℃完成自燃烧反应.随着热处理温度的升高,粉体的粒径逐渐增大.纳米晶体在8～12GHz的测试条件下具有介电损耗与磁损耗.随着涂层厚度的增加,混合媒质的微波反射率逐渐增加,反射率吸收峰随着厚度的增加向低频移动.     

Ni_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4铁氧体的制备及其电磁损耗性能

以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O、Ni(NO3)2.6H2O和Fe(NO3)3.9H2O及柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备前驱体,在1 200℃下煅烧3 h合成ZnFe2O4和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体粉体。利用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和红外光谱等测试手段对产物进行分析和表征。结果表明:ZnFe2O4和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4属于立方晶系尖晶石结构,结晶完整,晶粒大小在100 nm左右。在0.2~1.8 GHz的频率下对产品进行了电磁损耗性能测试,发现Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4具有较好的电磁损耗特性。     

尖晶石型MnFe（2-x）GdxO4纳米晶的

以Fe2（SO4）3、MnSO4和Gd2O3,为原料,NaOH溶液为沉淀剂,通过水热法制备了尖晶石型MnFe（2-x）GdO4系列纳米晶,利用XRD、SEM和VSM分别对MnFe（2-x）Gd3O4纳米晶的微结构、形貌和磁性能进行表征,结果表明,所制备的MnFe（2-x）GdxO4均为立方尖晶石结构,晶粒为球形或类球形,粒径约100nm,具有良好的均匀性,掺入Gd3＋后MnFe（2-x）GdxO4纳米晶的饱和磁化强度（crs）总体呈现减小趋势,只有当掺杂量x=0．02时制备的MnFe（2-x）GdxO4纳米晶的比饱和磁化强度（δs）增大,δs为67．2emu／g。     

纳米晶锌铁氧体的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备、表征及其电磁性能

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成了尖晶石型锌铁氧体（ZnFe2O4）,采用差分扫描-热重同步分析仪（DSC-TG）,红外光谱（FT-IR）,X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电镜（TEM）和波导法对干凝胶和产物进行了表征．红外光谱显示当煅烧温度从500℃升高到700℃时,铁-氧（FPO）键的特征吸收峰从541cm^-1移动到566cm^-1;XRD表明干凝胶为无定形态,在煅烧温度为500℃、煅烧时间为2h时,凝胶形成纯相的尖晶石型纳米晶ZnFe2O4;由透射电镜可知煅烧温度为500℃、600℃和700℃时,粉体的平均粒径分别为15nm、35nm和60nm;纳米晶体ZnFe2O4在8．2～12．4GHz的测试频率范围内具有介电损耗和磁损耗随着热处理温度的升高,介电常数、介电损耗、磁导率和磁损耗明显增大．     

溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备La_2O_3和La(OH)_3纳米晶的研究

采用燃烧法合成纳米La(OH)3材料,分别以硝酸镧和柠檬酸为镧源和络合剂,以氨水调节pH值为2～4、柠檬酸与硝酸镧的物质的量比为1～1.2∶1之间,加热凝胶至自蔓延燃烧后并在700～750℃煅烧1～2 h,得到膨松粉末状产物,即La2O3纳米晶。利用X射线衍射和透射电镜等测试方法对凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的La2O3纳米晶颗粒进行分析和表征。结果表明:用该方法得到的纳米La2O3产物的平均粒径在30～100 nm之间可控;纳米La2O3在空气中是不稳定的,在自然吸潮情况下和空气中的H2O发生反应生成La(OH)3,控制湿度即可得到纯La(OH)3纳米晶。     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成NiFe_2O_4纳米粉体及其电磁性能表征

以柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法合成了NiFe2O4纳米粉体。利用XRD技术研究了自燃烧粉体经不同温度热处理后的物相变化规律,采用SEM、TEM、IR技术对自燃烧粉体与热处理粉体进行了表征,对比研究了两者在2～18GHz内的电磁参数及损耗特性。结果表明,自燃烧粉体以NiFe2O4为主晶相,其中有少量FeNi3与α-Fe2O3杂相,随着热处理温度升高,杂相分别于600与950℃相继消失。热处理有效推动了晶界移动,实现晶粒长大。自燃烧粉体中的FeNi3相、畸变的晶体结构以及复杂的界面状况使得其较热处理样品具有特殊的红外吸收谱图与优越的电磁损耗特性。     

不同气氛下柠檬酸铁制备铁氧化物的研究

以柠檬酸铁为原料,分别在富氧和无氧气氛中经热处理得到铁氧化物,利用TG技术研究了柠檬酸铁在不同气氛下的热解过程,采用XRD技术研究了不同气氛下柠檬酸铁反应温度与反应时间对产物组分、结构的关系。结果表明:柠檬酸铁在空气气氛的热解产物为Fe3O4,提高反应温度或延长反应时间均有利于Fe3O4向α-Fe2O3的转变。然而,柠檬酸铁在无氧气氛的热解产物为Fe3O4与无定形热解炭,增加反应温度和/或延长反应时间会促进Fe3O4向Fe、FeO的转变。     

MnFe2O4多晶微粉的共沉淀法制备及磁性研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了MnFe2O4铁酸盐多晶微粉,发现与NiFe2O4相比,MnFe2O4的制备有其独特之处:反应温度在80℃以上时,经沉淀洗涤后直接得到MnFe2O4纳米微粉,不需热处理过程;反应温度在80℃以下时,需要对沉淀洗涤后前驱体进行热处理才能得到MnFe2O4纳米微粉.利用振动样品磁强计测量了样品在室温下的磁性能;利用X射线衍射确定了粉体的组成、晶粒大小和晶格常数;利用扫描电子显微镜观察了颗粒的形貌.     

用鸡蛋蛋清作络合剂制备MnFe2O4尖晶石铁氧体的方法

介绍了一种以新鲜蛋清蛋白为络合剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备MnFe2O4尖晶石铁氧体的新方法,并探索最佳合成条件.研究发现此法反应条件温和且性能较好,最低可以在450℃C下制成单相MnFe2O4尖晶石铁氧体,最佳制备条件为500℃烧结 5h并淬火.最佳条件下制备的铁氧体结晶度好,粒度均匀且粒径大小在15nm左右,室温下具有较高的比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力,分别为54.07emu·g-1和3380e,剩磁比Mr/Ms=0.273.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.