Epoxy/Clay有机-无机纳米复合材料

通过插层复合的方法可以制备环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料，大幅度提高材料的机械力学性能。制备中，插层剂的选择和使用是关键，应加强插层剂的合成，筛选及插层工艺以及粘土层内层外插层剂、固化剂、单体、粘土片层之间相互作用即插层机理的研究。此外，环氧树脂/粘纳米复合体系最佳固化条件（树脂/固化剂比例，固化时间等）的选择也是制备过程中不可忽视的问题。     

一种促进粘土在环氧树脂中剥离的方法研究

使用对环氧树脂的固化反应有促进作用的有机阳离子对粘土进行有机化处理，得到的有机土与环氧树脂混合后，尽管其层间距较小，层间容纳的环氧树脂较少，但由于催化作用使层间环氧树脂固化较快，结果在环氧的固化过程中粘土更易剥离，从而得到粘土剥离程度较高的环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料。这一研究为制备粘土剥离程度更高、性能更好的环氧／粘土纳米复合材料提供了有效的方法。     

环氧/粘土纳米复合材料插层/解离行为的研究进展

从环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的结构类型、制备方法以及影响粘土在环氧树脂中插层/解离的因素(烷基铵改性剂、粘土特性、固化剂、固化工艺)、粘土插层/解离的热力学和动力学等方面对环氧树脂基纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了较为深入而详尽的综述.     

桐油酸酐固化环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

通过阳离子交换的方法将蒙脱土进行有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性且层间距扩大，采用浇模固化成型法制备环氧树脂／桐油酸酐／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并用XRD，DMTA等手段研究有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离行为，研究发现，加入桐油酸酐固化剂后，粘土被剥离而得到剥离型的纳米复合材料，而且工艺条件的变化并不明显改变剥离的效果，DMTA测试表明桐油酸酐固化的环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度随着粘土的加入而降低。     

纳米粘土/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

借助超声分散,采用固化处理制备了不同纳米粘土掺量(0,1%,3%,5%和7%(质量分数))的纳米粘土/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了纳米粘土掺量对复合材料性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、力学性能测试、扫描电镜(SEM)等对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,不同掺杂比例的纳米粘土和环氧树脂都均匀结合,纳米粘土掺量为7%(质量分数)的复合材料衍射峰强度最高,其结晶性能最佳;随着纳米粘土掺量的增加,复合材料的拉伸模量、极限抗压强度和断裂韧性KIC值整体均高于纯环氧树脂,而复合材料的破坏应变低于纯环氧树脂;当纳米粘土掺量为1%(质量分数)时,复合材料的极限抗拉强度略有提高,但随着纳米粘土掺量的继续增加,复合材料的极限抗拉强度逐渐降低;当纳米粘土掺量为5%(质量分数)时,复合材料的拉伸模量达到3 513 MPa,相比纯环氧树脂的3 300 MPa,增加了6.5%;当纳米粘土掺量为7%(质量分数)时,复合材料的断裂韧性KIC值达到1.97 MPa·m~(1/2),相比纯环氧树脂的1.60 MPa·m~(1/2),增加了23.1%;纯环氧树脂的断裂表面光滑无褶皱,断裂时裂纹没有产生无偏离的扩展,而复合材料的断裂表面随纳米粘土掺量的增加均趋于粗糙,裂纹在扩展过程中发生了偏移。     

聚烯烃纳米复合材料研究进展Ⅰ. 聚烯烃/粘土纳米复合材料

介绍了聚烯烃／粘土纳米复合材料的形成理论，结构与表征，性能与应用，并对近年来聚乙烯／粘土，聚丙烯／粘土纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述。     

纳米粒子改性环氧树脂及其复合材料力学性能研究

通过机械共混法制备了Al2O3纳米粒子改性环氧树脂基体,研究了纳米粒子含量对改性树脂基体力学性能的影响,并采用紧凑拉伸实验研究了纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的断裂韧性。利用改性树脂制备了玻璃纤维增强复合材料,研究了改性复合材料的力学性能与纳米粒子含量之间的关系。结果表明:纳米粒子的加入明显改善了环氧树脂基体的断裂韧性并且有助于提高树脂与纤维之间的界面粘接强度,因而使改性复合材料的层间性能明显提高而其他力学性能基本不变。     

环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

本文对环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的制备方法及影响粘土在环氧树脂基体中剥离程度的主要因素进行了综述，并介绍了该材料的性能及其发展趋势。     

剥离型环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料热/力学性能

以质子化的2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)作为有机修饰剂对原始粘土进行改性,采用"粘土-丙酮淤浆复合法"合成了环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料。透射电镜观察显示粘土片层以3~5片为聚集单元均匀、无规地分布在整个环氧树脂的基体中,呈现高度、无规剥离形态。差示扫描量热测试表明粘土质量分数为3%时的环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的Tg提高了10℃,这归咎于无规剥离结构及粘土片层与环氧树脂基体间较强的界面作用力。弯曲试验揭示,室温条件下纳米复合材料的弯曲强度随着粘土含量的增加而呈缓慢下降趋势;而在80℃时,弯曲强度则随粘土的加入而显著增加。     

超支化聚合物在树脂改性中的应用研究进展

超支化聚合物因其独特的结构和性能特点,已在众多领域得到应用,特别是在树脂改性中的研究发展迅速。综述了超支化聚合物作为树脂改性剂在聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、尼龙6等热塑性树脂和环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂等热固性树脂中的应用研究进展,超支化聚合物可作为热塑性树脂的加工助剂、流变学改性剂、增容剂或增强剂以及热固性树脂的增韧剂。同时对超支化聚合物在树脂改性中的应用研究方向做出了展望。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to